29
In the thirty-eighth year of Asa’s reign over Judah, Ahab son of Omri became king of Israel, and he reigned in Samaria twenty-two years.
Berean Standard Bible · CC0
Hebrew — tap a word ↓
šə·lō·šîm ū·šə·mō·neh biš·naṯ šā·nāh lə·’ā·sā me·leḵ yə·hū·ḏāh wə·’aḥ·’āḇ ben- ‘ā·mə·rî mā·laḵ ‘al- yiś·rā·’êl ’aḥ·’āḇ ben- ‘ā·mə·rî way·yim·lōḵ ‘al- yiś·rā·’êl bə·šō·mə·rō·wn ‘eś·rîm ū·šə·ta·yim šā·nāh
Word by word23 · parsed
√ shᵉlôwshîym — thirtyNumbercommon plural
√ shᵉmôneh — a cardinal number, eight (as if a surplus above the 'perfect' seven)Conjunctive wawNumberfeminine singular
√ shâneh — a year (as a revolution of time)Preposition-bNounfeminine singular construct
shâneh (shânâh) — a year, as a revolution of time The construct biš·naṯ opens the fixed regnal formula. Light word, heavy office: it is the seam that stitches the northern narrative to the Davidic dating.
√ shâneh — a year (as a revolution of time)Nounfeminine singular
√ ʼÂçâʼ — Asa, the name of a king and of a LevitePreposition-lNounpropermasculine singular
√ melek — a kingNounmasculine singular construct
√ Yᵉhûwdâh — Jehudah (or Judah), the name of five IsraelitesNounpropermasculine singular
√ ʼAchʼâb — Achab, the name of a king of Israel and of a prophet at BabylonConjunctive wawNounpropermasculine singular
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine singular construct
√ ʻOmrîy — Omri, an IsraeliteNounpropermasculine singular
√ mâlak — to reignVerbQalPerfectthird person masculine singular
mâlak — to reign (Qal perfect) The perfect states the accession as an accomplished fact before the narrative moves. K&D reads this verse as the hinge of the book: the throne of Israel is occupied by the man under whom the calf cult will be overtaken by open Baalism, though the ground was already prepared by Omri.
√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition
√ Yisrâʼêl — Jisrael, a symbolical name of JacobNounpropermasculine singular
√ ʼAchʼâb — Achab, the name of a king of Israel and of a prophet at BabylonNounpropermasculine singular
ʼAchʼâb — Ahab, king of Israel The name recurs here in full with the patronymic. Pulpit's gloss on the name ("Father's brother") is joined to his judgment that Ahab was his father's second self in impiety; the Hebrew's refusal to shorten the name keeps Omri in the frame throughout.
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine singular construct
√ ʻOmrîy — Omri, an IsraeliteNounpropermasculine singular
√ mâlak — to reignConjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
mâlak — to reign (consecutive imperfect) The waw-consecutive picks the same root back up and carries it forward through twenty-two years. Repetition of the verb, not a new verb, is how Hebrew narrates a reign: one act of reigning extended in time.
√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition
√ Yisrâʼêl — Jisrael, a symbolical name of JacobNounpropermasculine singular
√ Shômᵉrôwn — Shomeron, a place in PalestinePreposition-bNounproperfeminine singular
Shômᵉrôwn — Samaria Omri's new capital (1 Kings 16:24) is where Ahab reigns and where, three verses later, the house of Baal will stand. The city named here innocently as a seat of government becomes, by v. 32, the address of the rival temple.
√ ʻesrîym — twentyNumbercommon plural
√ shᵉnayim — twoConjunctive wawNumberfd
√ shâneh — a year (as a revolution of time)Nounfeminine singular
shâneh — year "Twenty and two year" (singular noun after the numeral, as Hebrew does). Barnes checks this figure against the synchronisms and doubts it.