13
In the thirty-ninth year of Uzziah’s reign over Judah, Shallum son of Jabesh became king, and he reigned in Samaria one full month.
Berean Standard Bible · CC0
Hebrew — tap a word ↓
šə·lō·šîm wā·ṯê·ša‘ šā·nāh biš·naṯ lə·‘u·zî·yāh me·leḵ yə·hū·ḏāh šal·lūm ben- yā·ḇêš mā·laḵ way·yim·lōḵ bə·šō·mə·rō·wn ye·raḥ- yā·mîm
Word by word15 · parsed
√ shᵉlôwshîym — thirtyNumbercommon plural
√ têshaʻ — nine or (ordinal) ninthConjunctive wawNumberfeminine singular
√ shâneh — a year (as a revolution of time)Nounfeminine singular
√ shâneh — a year (as a revolution of time)Preposition-bNounfeminine singular construct
shâneh: a year, as a revolution of time The construct bišnaṯ opens the standard synchronism formula of Kings. Its force here is ironic: the compiler has a stable southern reign to date by, and needs it, because in the north he is about to record a king whose entire tenure will not fill one square of the calendar.
√ ʻUzzîyâh — Uzzijah, the name of five IsraelitesPreposition-lNounpropermasculine singular
√ melek — a kingNounmasculine singular construct
√ Yᵉhûwdâh — Jehudah (or Judah), the name of five IsraelitesNounpropermasculine singular
√ Shallûwm — Shallum, the name of fourteen IsraelitesNounpropermasculine singular
Shallûwm: Shallum, the name of fourteen Israelites A common name (H7967 stands in 26 verses) borne by fourteen different men in Scripture. Nothing distinguishes this Shallum but the act that put him on the throne and the act that took him off it, and v. 15 will send even those to another book.
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine singular construct
√ Yâbêsh — Jobesh, the name of an Israelite and of a place in PalestineNounpropermasculine singular
√ mâlak — to reignVerbQalPerfectthird person masculine singular
mâlak: to reign Qal perfect, third masculine singular: he became king. The perfect states the accession as an accomplished fact, with no agent named and no anointing, no prophet, no elders, no assembly. Contrast the formula the same book uses for David's line. Here a throne simply changes hands.
√ mâlak — to reignConjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
mâlak: to reign The consecutive imperfect resumes the same root to narrate the reign itself, and the reign it narrates lasts one clause. Benson's judgment on this sequence is the whole verse in a sentence: that dominion seldom lasts long that is founded in blood and falsehood.
√ Shômᵉrôwn — Shomeron, a place in PalestinePreposition-bNounproperfeminine singular
Shômᵉrôwn: Shomeron, a place in Palestine Omri's city, the capital, and in this chapter the prize that keeps changing hands by the knife. Menahem will strike Shallum here (v. 14). Where Shallum struck Zechariah the text does not say: Barnes reads the phrase used there, before the people, as meaning openly and publicly, and records that the Septuagint instead turned those words into a proper name, Keblaam, making him the actual assassin, but without much ground.
√ yerach — a lunation, iNounmasculine singular construct
yerach: a lunation A rare word (12 verses in the canon), the moon-word for a month rather than the ordinary ḥōdeš. It ties this verse to the one other place where a span of kings is counted by yerach, Zechariah 11:8, where three shepherds are cut off in one month. The Verifier confirms the shared lexeme; what the shepherds mean there is another and disputed question.
√ yôwm — a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)Nounmasculine plural
yôwm: a day Cambridge explains the construction exactly: the Hebrew for of days is added adverbially, as English says in a month's time. It measures, it does not decorate.