The Fallible Study Bible

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Exodus35:10–19

The Skilled Craftsmen

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Exodus 35:10–19 — The Skilled Craftsmen. Each verse below carries the full apparatus: the Berean Standard Bible, the vocalized original (tap any word), and a parsed breakdown of every term transcribed from the interlinear. Synthesized commentary, canonical threads, and the reading of Christ gather at the end, over the whole unit.

10

Let every skilled craftsman among you come and make everything that the LORD has commanded:

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wə·ḵāl ḥă·ḵam- lêḇ bā·ḵem yā·ḇō·’ū wə·ya·‘ă·śū ’êṯ kāl- ’ă·šer Yah·weh ṣiw·wāh

Word by word11 · parsed
וְכָל־wə·ḵālLet everyH3605
√ kôl — properly, the wholeConjunctive wawNounmasculine singular construct
wə-ḵāl (H3605, kôl) opens the sentence with universality — every one without exception who has the gift.
חֲכַם־ḥă·ḵam-skilled craftsmanH2450
√ châkâm — wise, (iAdjectivemasculine singular construct
ḥăḵam (H2450) is the same root used for the divine wisdom that founds creation (Proverbs 3:19) and that fills Bezalel in Exodus 31:3. Here craftsmanship is filed under wisdom, not mere technique — artistry is a moral-spiritual capacity.
לֵ֖בlêḇ. . .H3820
√ lêb — the heartNounmasculine singular
lêḇ (H3820): in Hebrew anthropology the heart is the integrating center of mind, will, and skill. To be wise-hearted is to have one's whole inner life ordered toward the making.
בָּכֶ֑םbā·ḵemamong you
Prepositionsecond person masculine plural
יָבֹ֣אוּyā·ḇō·’ūcomeH935
√ bôwʼ — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)VerbQalImperfectthird person masculine plural
yāḇō'ū (H935) — the volunteers must come; the call gathers them out of the camp to a common labor.
וְיַעֲשׂ֔וּwə·ya·‘ă·śūand makeH6213
√ ʻâsâh — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest applicationConjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive imperfectthird person masculine plural
wə-ya'ăśū (H6213, 'âsâh) — the verb of making that echoes God's own work of creation. The craftsmen make a sanctuary as God made a world.
אֵ֛ת’êṯH853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
כָּל־kāl-everythingH3605
√ kôl — properly, the wholeNounmasculine singular construct
אֲשֶׁ֥ר’ă·šerthatH834
√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative
יְהוָֽה׃Yah·wehthe LORDH3068
√ Yᵉhôvâh — Jehovah, Jewish national name of GodNounpropermasculine singular
YHWH (H3068), the covenant name. The pattern descends from the LORD; the work ascends to Him.
צִוָּ֖הṣiw·wāhhas commandedH6680
√ tsâvâh — (intensively) to constitute, enjoinVerbPielPerfectthird person masculine singular
ṣiwwāh (H6680): the verb of binding command. Human art is bounded by divine instruction — freedom of skill within fidelity of pattern.
11

the tabernacle with its tent and covering, its clasps and frames, its crossbars, posts, and bases;

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

’eṯ- ham·miš·kān ’eṯ- ’ā·ho·lōw wə·’eṯ- miḵ·sê·hū ’eṯ- qə·rā·sāw wə·’eṯ- qə·rā·šāw ’eṯ- bə·rī·ḥå̄w ’eṯ- ‘am·mu·ḏāw wə·’eṯ- ’ă·ḏā·nāw

Word by word16 · parsed
אֶת־’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
הַ֨מִּשְׁכָּ֔ןham·miš·kānthe tabernacleH4908
√ mishkân — a residence (including a shepherd's hut, the lair of animals, figuratively, the graveArticleNounmasculine singular
ham-mishkān (H4908): the Dwelling. The whole theology of Exodus 25–40 turns on this word — Yahweh will tabernacle in the midst of Israel. Poole and Gill restrict it here to the ten fine-linen curtains, distinguished from the goats'-hair tent and the outer covering.
אֶֽת־’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
אָהֳל֖וֹ’ā·ho·lōwwith its tentH168
√ ʼôhel — a tent (as clearly conspicuous from a distance)Nounmasculine singular constructthird person masculine singular
'ăholô (H168, 'ôhel) — the tent: the goats'-hair curtains stretched as a roof over the Dwelling.
וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker
מִכְסֵ֑הוּmiḵ·sê·hūand coveringH4372
√ mikçeh — a covering, iNounmasculine singular constructthird person masculine singular
miḵsêhū (H4372, mikçeh): the outer covering of rams' and sea-cow skins — a rare term (12 occurrences), the weatherproof outermost layer.
אֶת־’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
קְרָסָיו֙qə·rā·sāwits claspsH7165
√ qereç — a knob or belaying-pin (from its swelling form)Nounmasculine plural constructthird person masculine singular
qərāsāw (H7165): the gold and bronze clasps that coupled the curtains into one. Seven occurrences total — pure tabernacle vocabulary.
וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker
קְרָשָׁ֔יוqə·rā·šāwand framesH7175
√ qeresh — a slab or plankNounmasculine plural constructthird person masculine singular
qərāšāw (H7175): the upright acacia frames forming the walls; 34 occurrences, again confined to the sanctuary.
אֶת־’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
בְּרִיחָ֕וbə·rī·ḥå̄wits crossbarsH1280
√ bᵉrîyach — a boltNounmasculine plural constructthird person masculine singular
bərîḥāw (H1280, bᵉrîyach): the crossbars that braced the frames into a rigid whole.
אֶת־’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
עַמֻּדָ֖יו‘am·mu·ḏāwpostsH5982
√ ʻammûwd — a column (as standing)Nounmasculine plural constructthird person masculine singular
וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker
אֲדָנָֽיו׃’ă·ḏā·nāwand basesH134
√ ʼeden — a basis (of a building, a column, etcNounmasculine plural constructthird person masculine singular
'ăḏānāw (H134, 'eden): the silver bases, the foundation-sockets. The Dwelling rests, literally, on a redemption-tax of silver (Exodus 38:25–27).
12

the ark with its poles and mercy seat, and the veil to shield it;

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

’eṯ- hā·’ā·rōn wə·’eṯ- bad·dāw ’eṯ- hak·kap·pō·reṯ wə·’êṯ pā·rō·ḵeṯ ham·mā·sāḵ

Word by word9 · parsed
אֶת־’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
הָאָרֹ֥ןhā·’ā·rōnthe arkH727
√ ʼârôwn — a boxArticleNouncommon singular
hā-'ārōn (H727, 'ârôwn): simply a box / chest. The plainest of words names the holiest object — the ark of the covenant, throne of the unseen God.
וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker
בַּדָּ֖יוbad·dāwwith its polesH905
√ bad — properly, separationNounmasculine plural constructthird person masculine singular
baddāw (H905, bad): its carrying-poles. The root means separation; the poles were never to be removed (Exodus 25:15), so the ark was always ready to move and never to be touched.
אֶת־’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
הַכַּפֹּ֑רֶתhak·kap·pō·reṯand mercy seatH3727
√ kappôreth — a lid (used only of the cover of the sacred Ark)ArticleNounfeminine singular
hak-kappōreṯ (H3727): the atonement-cover. This is the theological summit of the tabernacle — where mercy meets the broken law stored beneath it in the ark.
וְאֵ֖תwə·’êṯH853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker
פָּרֹ֥כֶתpā·rō·ḵeṯand the veilH6532
√ pôreketh — a separatrix, iNounfeminine singular construct
pārōḵeṯ (H6532): the inner veil screening the Most Holy Place. Its later tearing (Matthew 27:51) is read by the NT as the opening of access to God.
הַמָּסָֽךְ׃ham·mā·sāḵto shield itH4539
√ mâçâk — a cover, iArticleNounmasculine singular
ham-māsāḵ (H4539): a covering / screen; the same root used elsewhere in this unit for the entrance and gate curtains. Barnes carefully distinguishes it from the tent-covering of v.11.
13

the table with its poles, all its utensils, and the Bread of the Presence;

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

’eṯ- haš·šul·ḥān wə·’eṯ- bad·dāw wə·’eṯ- kāl- kê·lāw wə·’êṯ le·ḥem hap·pā·nîm

Word by word10 · parsed
אֶת־’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
הַשֻּׁלְחָ֥ןhaš·šul·ḥānthe tableH7979
√ shulchân — a table (as spread out)ArticleNounmasculine singular
haš-šulḥān (H7979, shulchân): the table, from a root meaning spread out. It held the Bread of the Presence in the Holy Place.
וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker
בַּדָּ֖יוbad·dāwwith its polesH905
√ bad — properly, separationNounmasculine plural constructthird person masculine singular
וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker
כָּל־kāl-allH3605
√ kôl — properly, the wholeNounmasculine singular construct
kāl (H3605): all — every implement that served the table.
כֵּלָ֑יוkê·lāwits utensilsH3627
√ kᵉlîy — something prepared, iNounmasculine plural constructthird person masculine singular
וְאֵ֖תwə·’êṯH853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker
לֶ֥חֶםle·ḥemand the BreadH3899
√ lechem — food (for man or beast), especially bread, or grain (for making it)Nounmasculine singular construct
leḥem (H3899): bread, the staple food. Here it is set before God continually as a covenant memorial of the twelve tribes.
הַפָּנִֽים׃hap·pā·nîmof the PresenceH6440
√ pânîym — the face (as the part that turns)ArticleNounmasculine plural
hap-pānîm (H6440, pānîm): the Presence, literally the faces. The bread sits perpetually before the face of Yahweh — a standing sign that Israel lives in His sight. Cambridge notes the bread was later prepared by the priests from the people's flour (Leviticus 24).
14

the lampstand for light with its accessories and lamps and oil for the light;

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wə·’eṯ- mə·nō·raṯ ham·mā·’ō·wr wə·’eṯ- kê·le·hā wə·’eṯ- nê·rō·ṯe·hā wə·’êṯ še·men ham·mā·’ō·wr

Word by word10 · parsed
וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker
מְנֹרַ֧תmə·nō·raṯthe lampstandH4501
√ mᵉnôwrâh — a chandelierNounfeminine singular construct
mənōraṯ (H4501): the golden lampstand, beaten from a single talent of pure gold (Exodus 25:31–40), giving light in the windowless Holy Place.
הַמָּא֛וֹרham·mā·’ō·wrfor lightH3974
√ mâʼôwr — properly, a luminous body or luminary, iArticleNounmasculine singular
ham-mā'ōwr (H3974, mâ'ôwr): a luminary. Genesis uses this word for the sun and moon; here Israel's worship has its own ordered light.
וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker
כֵּלֶ֖יהָkê·le·hāwith its accessoriesH3627
√ kᵉlîy — something prepared, iNounmasculine plural constructthird person feminine singular
וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker
נֵרֹתֶ֑יהָnê·rō·ṯe·hāand lampsH5216
√ nîyr — a lamp (iNounmasculine plural constructthird person feminine singular
nêrōṯehā (H5216, nîyr): the lamps themselves, the seven flames tended morning and evening.
וְאֵ֖תwə·’êṯH853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker
שֶׁ֥מֶןše·menand oilH8081
√ shemen — grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed)Nounmasculine singular construct
šemen (H8081): pure beaten olive oil, the fuel that kept the lamps perpetually burning before the LORD.
הַמָּאֽוֹר׃ham·mā·’ō·wrfor the lightH3974
√ mâʼôwr — properly, a luminous body or luminary, iArticleNounmasculine singular
15

the altar of incense with its poles; the anointing oil and fragrant incense; the curtain for the doorway at the entrance to the tabernacle;

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wə·’eṯ- miz·baḥ haq·qə·ṭō·reṯ wə·’eṯ- bad·dāw wə·’êṯ ham·miš·ḥāh wə·’êṯ še·men has·sam·mîm wə·’eṯ- qə·ṭō·reṯ mā·saḵ hap·pe·ṯaḥ lə·p̄e·ṯaḥ ham·miš·kān

Word by word16 · parsed
וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker
מִזְבַּ֤חmiz·baḥthe altarH4196
√ mizbêach — an altarNounmasculine singular construct
mizbaḥ (H4196): an altar — etymologically a place of slaughter, though this golden altar burned only incense.
הַקְּטֹ֙רֶת֙haq·qə·ṭō·reṯof incenseH7004
√ qᵉṭôreth — a fumigationArticleNounfeminine singular
haq-qəṭōreṯ (H7004, qᵉṭôreth): incense, a fumigation; the rising smoke is the standing biblical figure for prayer ascending to God (Psalm 141:2).
וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker
בַּדָּ֔יוbad·dāwwith its polesH905
√ bad — properly, separationNounmasculine plural constructthird person masculine singular
וְאֵת֙wə·’êṯH853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker
הַמִּשְׁחָ֔הham·miš·ḥāhthe anointingH4888
√ mishchâh — unction (the act)ArticleNounfeminine singular
ham-mišḥāh (H4888): the anointing; the sacred oil of Exodus 30:23–25 that consecrated priests and furniture, making the common holy.
וְאֵ֖תwə·’êṯH853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker
שֶׁ֣מֶןše·menoilH8081
√ shemen — grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed)Nounmasculine singular construct
הַסַּמִּ֑יםhas·sam·mîmand fragrantH5561
√ çam — an aromaArticleNounmasculine plural
has-sammîm (H5561): the aromatic spices compounded into the holy incense.
וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker
קְטֹ֣רֶתqə·ṭō·reṯincenseH7004
√ qᵉṭôreth — a fumigationNounfeminine singular construct
מָסַ֥ךְmā·saḵthe curtainH4539
√ mâçâk — a cover, iNounmasculine singular construct
māsaḵ (H4539): the screen for the doorway — the same root noun as the entrance-curtain of v.12, here guarding the way into the Dwelling.
הַפֶּ֖תַחhap·pe·ṯaḥfor the doorwayH6607
√ pethach — an opening (literally), iArticleNounmasculine singular
לְפֶ֥תַחlə·p̄e·ṯaḥat the entranceH6607
√ pethach — an opening (literally), iPreposition-lNounmasculine singular construct
הַמִּשְׁכָּֽן׃ham·miš·kānto the tabernacleH4908
√ mishkân — a residence (including a shepherd's hut, the lair of animals, figuratively, the graveArticleNounmasculine singular
ham-mishkān (H4908): the Dwelling again closes the verse, framing the Holy Place furnishings by the structure they serve.
16

the altar of burnt offering with its bronze grate, its poles, and all its utensils; the basin with its stand;

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

’êṯ miz·baḥ hā·‘ō·lāh wə·’eṯ- han·nə·ḥō·šeṯ ’ă·šer- lōw ’eṯ- miḵ·bar bad·dāw wə·’eṯ- kāl- kê·lāw ’eṯ- hak·kî·yōr wə·’eṯ- kan·nōw

Word by word17 · parsed
אֵ֣ת׀’êṯH853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
מִזְבַּ֣חmiz·baḥthe altarH4196
√ mizbêach — an altarNounmasculine singular construct
mizbaḥ (H4196): the great altar of the courtyard, the first thing met on entering — sacrifice precedes all approach.
הָעֹלָ֗הhā·‘ō·lāhof burnt offeringH5930
√ ʻôlâh — a step or (collectively, stairs, as ascending)ArticleNounfeminine singular
hā-'ōlāh (H5930, 'ôlâh): the ascending offering, wholly burned, wholly God's. Its name is the upward motion of the smoke.
וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-. . .H854
√ ʼêth — properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), nearConjunctive wawPreposition
הַנְּחֹ֙שֶׁת֙han·nə·ḥō·šeṯwith its bronzeH5178
√ nᵉchôsheth — copper, hence, something made of that metal, iArticleNounfeminine singular
han-nəḥōšeṯ (H5178): bronze — the metal of the outer court, durable under fire.
אֲשֶׁר־’ă·šer-H834
√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative
ל֔וֹlōw
Prepositionthird person masculine singular
אֶת־’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
מִכְבַּ֤רmiḵ·bargrateH4345
√ makbêr — a grateNounmasculine singular construct
miḵbar (H4345, makbêr): the bronze grate set within the altar; a rare, technical term.
בַּדָּ֖יוbad·dāwits polesH905
√ bad — properly, separationNounmasculine plural constructthird person masculine singular
וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker
כָּל־kāl-and allH3605
√ kôl — properly, the wholeNounmasculine singular construct
כֵּלָ֑יוkê·lāwits utensilsH3627
√ kᵉlîy — something prepared, iNounmasculine plural constructthird person masculine singular
אֶת־’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
הַכִּיֹּ֖רhak·kî·yōrthe basinH3595
√ kîyôwr — properly, something round (as excavated or bored), iArticleNounmasculine singular
hak-kîyōr (H3595): the basin / laver, literally something round, as excavated. Standing at the threshold between the bronze altar and the tent, it enforced a fixed order of approach: sacrifice, then washing, then service — no priest entered to minister with unwashed hands and feet on pain of death (Exodus 30:18–21). The same logic of cleansing-before-access reaches forward to the prophets' promise of clean water (Ezekiel 36:25) and the NT's "washing of regeneration" (Titus 3:5).
וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker
כַּנּֽוֹ׃kan·nōwwith its standH3653
√ kên — a stand, iNounmasculine singular constructthird person masculine singular
kannō (H3653, kên): its stand / base. Even the washbasin's pedestal is named — nothing in the pattern is left to improvisation.
17

the curtains of the courtyard with its posts and bases, and the curtain for the gate of the courtyard;

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

’êṯ qal·‘ê he·ḥā·ṣêr ’eṯ- ‘am·mu·ḏāw wə·’eṯ- ’ă·ḏā·ne·hā wə·’êṯ mā·saḵ ša·‘ar he·ḥā·ṣêr

Word by word11 · parsed
אֵ֚ת’êṯH853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
קַלְעֵ֣יqal·‘êthe curtainsH7050
√ qelaʻ — a slingNounmasculine plural construct
qal'ê (H7050): the linen hangings walling the courtyard — the outermost boundary of the sanctuary.
הֶחָצֵ֔רhe·ḥā·ṣêrof the courtyardH2691
√ châtsêr — a yard (as inclosed by a fence)ArticleNouncommon singular
he-ḥāṣêr (H2691): the court, an enclosed yard. Its perimeter marks the threshold from the common world into the holy precinct.
אֶת־’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
עַמֻּדָ֖יו‘am·mu·ḏāwwith its postsH5982
√ ʻammûwd — a column (as standing)Nounmasculine plural constructthird person masculine singular
'ammuḏāw (H5982, 'ammûwd): the posts / pillars from which the court hangings were slung.
וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker
אֲדָנֶ֑יהָ’ă·ḏā·ne·hāand basesH134
√ ʼeden — a basis (of a building, a column, etcNounmasculine plural constructthird person feminine singular
'ăḏānehā (H134, 'eden): the bronze bases footing the courtyard pillars.
וְאֵ֕תwə·’êṯH853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker
מָסַ֖ךְmā·saḵand the curtainH4539
√ mâçâk — a cover, iNounmasculine singular construct
māsaḵ (H4539): the screen for the gate — the third and outermost of the three graded screens guarding entry.
שַׁ֥עַרša·‘arfor the gateH8179
√ shaʻar — an opening, iNounmasculine singular construct
הֶחָצֵֽר׃he·ḥā·ṣêrof the courtyardH2691
√ châtsêr — a yard (as inclosed by a fence)ArticleNouncommon singular
18

the tent pegs for the tabernacle and for the courtyard, along with their ropes;

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

’eṯ- yiṯ·ḏōṯ ham·miš·kān wə·’eṯ- yiṯ·ḏōṯ he·ḥā·ṣêr wə·’eṯ- mê·ṯə·rê·hem

Word by word8 · parsed
אֶת־’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
יִתְדֹ֧תyiṯ·ḏōṯthe tent pegsH3489
√ yâthêd — a pegNounfeminine plural construct
yiṯḏōṯ (H3489): the tent-pegs of the Dwelling — the same word later used (Judges 4:21) of Jael's deadly tent-peg; here, humble fasteners holding the holy curtains to the ground.
הַמִּשְׁכָּ֛ןham·miš·kānfor the tabernacleH4908
√ mishkân — a residence (including a shepherd's hut, the lair of animals, figuratively, the graveArticleNounmasculine singular
וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker
יִתְדֹ֥תyiṯ·ḏōṯ[and]H3489
√ yâthêd — a pegNounfeminine plural construct
הֶחָצֵ֖רhe·ḥā·ṣêrfor the courtyardH2691
√ châtsêr — a yard (as inclosed by a fence)ArticleNouncommon singular
he-ḥāṣêr (H2691): the court whose hangings the pegs also secured.
וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker
מֵיתְרֵיהֶֽם׃mê·ṯə·rê·hemalong with their ropesH4340
√ mêythâr — a cord (of a tent)Nounmasculine plural constructthird person masculine plural
mêṯərêhem (H4340): their cords / tent-ropes. Pulpit and Cambridge observe these are a new addition not listed in chapter 27 — the fulfillment account is more complete than the first command, naming even the ropes.
19

and the woven garments for ministering in the holy place—both the holy garments for Aaron the priest and the garments for his sons to serve as priests.”

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

’eṯ- haś·śə·rāḏ biḡ·ḏê lə·šā·rêṯ baq·qō·ḏeš ’eṯ- haq·qō·ḏeš biḡ·ḏê lə·’a·hă·rōn hak·kō·hên wə·’eṯ- biḡ·ḏê ḇā·nāw lə·ḵa·hên

Word by word14 · parsed
אֶת־’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
הַשְּׂרָ֖דhaś·śə·rāḏand the wovenH8278
√ sᵉrâd — stitching (as pierced with a needle)ArticleNounmasculine singular
haś-śərāḏ (H8278): the woven / plaited garments — a four-occurrence word of uncertain sense, all in the tabernacle texts. Barnes prefers "garments of office."
בִּגְדֵ֥יbiḡ·ḏêgarmentsH899
√ beged — a covering, iNounmasculine plural construct
לְשָׁרֵ֣תlə·šā·rêṯfor ministeringH8334
√ shârath — to attend as a menial or worshipperPreposition-lVerbPielInfinitive construct
lə-šārêṯ (H8334): to minister / attend; the verb of cultic service rendered to God.
בַּקֹּ֑דֶשׁbaq·qō·ḏešin the holy [place]H6944
√ qôdesh — a sacred place or thingPreposition-b, ArticleNounmasculine singular
baq-qōḏeš (H6944, qôdesh): in the holy place — the root q-d-š, set apart, governs the whole garment-clause.
אֶת־’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
הַקֹּ֙דֶשׁ֙haq·qō·ḏešboth the holyH6944
√ qôdesh — a sacred place or thingArticleNounmasculine singular
בִּגְדֵ֤יbiḡ·ḏêgarmentsH899
√ beged — a covering, iNounmasculine plural construct
לְאַהֲרֹ֣ןlə·’a·hă·rōnfor AaronH175
√ ʼAhărôwn — Aharon, the brother of MosesPreposition-lNounpropermasculine singular
lə-'ahărōn (H175): for Aaron, the high priest, named at the climax of the inventory — the structure ends not with an object but with a person who mediates.
הַכֹּהֵ֔ןhak·kō·hênthe priestH3548
√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular
hak-kōhên (H3548, kôhên): the priest, literally one officiating.
וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker
בִּגְדֵ֥יbiḡ·ḏêand the garmentsH899
√ beged — a covering, iNounmasculine plural construct
בָנָ֖יוḇā·nāwfor his sonsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural constructthird person masculine singular
לְכַהֵֽן׃lə·ḵa·hênto serve as priestsH3547
√ kâhan — to officiate as a priestPreposition-lVerbPielInfinitive construct
lə-ḵahên (H3547): to serve as priests; the denominative verb that closes the unit on the ongoing act of mediation.

The verse-by-verse work is done. What follows gathers the whole unit. All three layers below are machine-generated (⚙). Weigh them; they have no authority.

⚙

Grand Commentary — the unit, read whole

synthesis · verify

AI synthesis — woven from the public-domain voices above and the original text; generated and fallible.

i. The wise of heart — gifted skill as worship — 35:10

The unit opens not with a building but with a kind of person: ḥăḵam-lêḇ, the "wise of heart." The Hebrew files craftsmanship under wisdom (ḥăḵam, H2450) and locates it in the heart (lêḇ, H3820), Israel's word for the integrated center of will, mind, and skill. Matthew Poole draws the precise edge: "though God had prescribed the things, yet it required wisdom and skill to execute what God commanded." Pattern is given; execution must be gifted. Ellicott notes the doubled call — "the first appeal is to all... but the second appeal is to some only" — every Israelite may give materials, but only the wise-hearted may make; yet he is careful that this skill is not elite, but "includes skill of various kinds and degrees, even that of poor women, who" spun with their hands (v.25). And Matthew Henry, reaching across the canon, hears Peter — "as every man hath received, so he must minister, 1Pe 4:10" — and then Paul's body of mutual members: "as they needed one another, so the tabernacle needed them both, 1Co 12:7-21." The giver of materials and the wielder of skill are not rivals but limbs of one work. The Cambridge Bible records a quiet textual fact — this open invitation to all skilled workers "has nothing in chs. 25–31 corresponding to" it; Exodus 28:3 spoke only of priestly vestments. The summons itself is new with the doing.

ii. From inmost to outmost — the descending order of holiness — 35:11–18

The catalogue moves with deliberate architecture. Ellicott reads the sequence: "first, the Tabernacle as a whole; then its various parts; after this, its contents—those of the Holy of Holies, of the Holy Place, and of the Court; finally, the dress." Albert Barnes notices the reordering against the original instructions: there the ark came first "as the principal thing," but here "in the practical order of the work... the tabernacle with its tent and covering come first." The vocabulary is severely technical and largely confined to these chapters — qərāsāw (clasps, H7165) occurs only seven times in all of Scripture; mikçeh (covering, H4372) twelve; śərāḏ (woven garments, H8278) four. A reader watches three graded screens recur under one Hebrew word, māsaḵ (H4539): the veil before the Most Holy (v.12), the screen of the Dwelling's door (v.15), the screen of the court's gate (v.17) — a metallurgy of access in cloth, gold within, bronze without. The list descends finally to the tent-pegs and cords (v.18), which Keil & Delitzsch call "altogether subordinate things" and the Cambridge Bible notes were "not mentioned in Exodus 27:19, but implied." That the inspired inventory names the stakes in the dirt is its own theology: nothing serving God's dwelling is beneath record.

iii. The inventory ends in a person — Aaron and the priesthood — 35:19

The long chain of objects closes not with an object but with a man: "the holy garments for Aaron the priest." The verbs that frame the vestments are verbs of service — lə-šārêṯ (to minister, H8334) and lə-ḵahên (to serve-as-priest, H3547), the latter a denominative making a verb of the noun priest. Albert Barnes sharpens the rendering: not "cloths of service" but "the garments of office to do service in the sanctuary." Here the synthesis must be honest about a limit of knowledge: the opening word śərāḏ is so rare that the Cambridge Bible prints it "the plaited (?) garments" — the question mark is the commentator's own, a confession that the Hebrew resists us. The whole built world of curtain, altar, and lampstand exists, in the end, to clothe and equip a mediator who will stand for the people before the face of God.

Read under Sola Scriptura — this tool’s own fallible reading (⚙)

Read under Sola Scriptura, this passage refuses the false choice between gift and obedience. The craftsmen are wise of heart — genuinely gifted, genuinely skilled — yet they may make only "all that YHWH has commanded" (v.10). Skill is liberated, not licensed: it is set free to labor brilliantly inside a pattern it did not invent. And the order of the list preaches. It begins at the atonement-cover in the dark interior and works outward to pegs and cords in the dirt, then turns and ends at Aaron the priest. The architecture says that God's purpose moves from a place of mercy outward to a world, and that all the making — every clasp, every rope, every woven thread — converges on a person who mediates. The tabernacle is not finally a building Israel made for God; it is the form of a God who has resolved to dwell (mishkān, H4908) in the midst of an unclean people, and who specifies even the stakes that will hold the curtain steady against the wind. (This is the tool's fallible reading, offered to be tested against the text, not above it.)

Skill is not licensed but liberated — set free to labor brilliantly inside a pattern it did not invent.

⚙

Canonical Threads — out to the whole of Scripture

cross-refs · verify

AI-generated connections. Each carries a verification badge with a recorded basis; contested links are flagged.

The command and its fulfillment: frames, clasps, and bases verbal / quotation — confirmed

The structural inventory of v.11 reappears almost word-for-word in the construction record of Exodus 39:33, where the finished work is brought to Moses. The link rests on a cluster of rare, technical lexemes confined to the tabernacle texts — above all qereç (clasps), which occurs only seven times in the entire Hebrew Bible. Command and completion are sealed by shared vocabulary: what was ordered is what was made.

Exodus 35:11 · Exodus 39:33

basis: Verifier-confirmed shared Hebrew lexemes (Hebrew↔Hebrew): H7165 qereç (rare — 7 vv), H7175 qeresh (34 vv), H1280 bᵉrîyach (36 vv), H134 ʼeden (39 vv). The rarity of qereç anchors the verbal tie.

The veil and the screen verbal / quotation — confirmed

The veil (pārōḵeṯ) and screen (māsaḵ) of v.12 recur together in Exodus 39:34, the parallel construction account. Both are rare, restricted terms — pôreketh (23 occurrences) and mâçâk (25) — and they appear paired only in the sanctuary literature, so their co-occurrence is a genuine verbal link rather than common diction.

Exodus 35:12 · Exodus 39:34

basis: Verifier-confirmed shared Hebrew lexemes (Hebrew↔Hebrew): H6532 pôreketh (23 vv) and H4539 mâçâk (25 vv). Both restricted to tabernacle texts; their pairing is the recorded basis.

The woven garments and the priestly office verbal / quotation — confirmed

The vestment-clause of v.19 ties directly to Exodus 31:10 (and 39:1, 39:41), the only other places naming the obscure śᵉrâd garments. That word occurs just four times in all of Scripture, every instance in Exodus's tabernacle material — a near-quotation-grade link binding the call to make the garments (here), the original command (31:10), and the finished vestments (39:1).

Exodus 35:19 · Exodus 31:10 · Exodus 39:1

basis: Verifier-confirmed shared Hebrew lexemes (Hebrew↔Hebrew): H8278 sᵉrâd (very rare — 4 vv, all Exodus), with H175 ʼAhărôwn and H6944 qôdesh. The 4-occurrence sᵉrâd is the decisive rare lexeme.

The Levites carry what the craftsmen made structural / thematic — confirmed

The court hangings, screen, and gate of v.17 reappear in Numbers 4:26 and 3:26, where the Gershonite Levites are assigned to carry these very furnishings through the wilderness. The shared terms — qelaʻ (hangings), mâçâk (screen), châtsêr (court) — are tabernacle vocabulary recurring across the Pentateuch's worship pericopes. This is a thematic-structural continuity (the same objects, made then transported), supported by verbal overlap rather than one text quoting the other.

Exodus 35:17 · Numbers 4:26 · Numbers 3:26

basis: Verifier-confirmed shared Hebrew lexemes (Hebrew↔Hebrew): H7050 qelaʻ (22 vv), H4539 mâçâk (25 vv), H2691 châtsêr (163 vv). The shared motif is the same court-furnishings across making (Exodus) and transport (Numbers); diction is the standard tabernacle lexicon, so structural, not quotation.

The bronze altar, its grate, and the laver — command and completion verbal / quotation — confirmed

The courtyard furniture of v.16 — the bronze altar with its grate, poles, and utensils, and the laver with its stand — recurs in the completed-work account of Exodus 39:39, brought to Moses for inspection. The tie is anchored by a genuinely rare term, makbêr (the bronze grate), which occurs only six times in the whole Hebrew Bible, joined by kîyôr (laver) and the otherwise uncommon kên (stand/base, 17 occurrences). What the craftsmen were here told to make is, word for word, what 39:39 records as finished.

Exodus 35:16 · Exodus 39:39

basis: Verifier-confirmed shared Hebrew lexemes (Hebrew↔Hebrew): H4345 makbêr (rare — 6 vv), H3595 kîyôwr (20 vv), H3653 kên (17 vv), H5178 nᵉchôsheth (119 vv). The 6-occurrence makbêr is the decisive rare lexeme anchoring the verbal tie.

The Dwelling, its tent, posts, and bases structural / thematic — confirmed

Verse 11's structural elements echo Exodus 39:40 and the Levitical inventories of Numbers, but here the shared words — 'ôhel (tent, 315 vv), mishkān (Dwelling, 129 vv), 'ammûwd (post, 84 vv) — are comparatively common across the OT. The connection is real but is the recurring shared pattern of the tabernacle account, not a rare-lexeme quotation; it is honestly tiered down.

Exodus 35:11 · Exodus 39:40 · Numbers 4:32

basis: Verifier-confirmed shared Hebrew lexemes (Hebrew↔Hebrew): H168 ʼôhel (315 vv), H4908 mishkân (129 vv), H5982 ʻammûwd (84 vv), H134 ʼeden (39 vv). Lexemes are common; the basis is shared structural inventory, so tiered thematic rather than verbal.

⚙Christ in the Unittypology · verify

AI-generated reading; weigh it against the text.

The atonement-cover and the mercy of God in Christ ancient/widely-held

The kappōreṯ (v.12), the atonement-cover where blood was sprinkled, is taken up by the New Testament's hilastērion (Romans 3:25) — God set forth Christ as the place of propitiation, the true mercy-seat where mercy and justice meet over the broken law. The figure is ancient and pervasive in the church's reading: the gold lid in the dark is where God promised to meet Israel (Exodus 25:22), and the gospel locates that meeting at the cross.

Exodus 35:12 · Romans 3:25 · Hebrews 9:5

The veil and the opened way ancient/widely-held

The pārōḵeṯ (v.12), the veil that separated the Most Holy Place, is read by Hebrews as a figure of Christ's flesh: a new and living way "through the veil, that is, his flesh" (Hebrews 10:20), the same veil torn at the crucifixion (Matthew 27:51). A barrier of exclusion becomes, in Christ, a doorway of access. This typology is widely held in the historic church and grounded explicitly in the NT text.

Exodus 35:12 · Hebrews 10:19-20 · Matthew 27:51

The bread of the Presence and the bread of life ancient/widely-held

The leḥem hap-pānîm (v.13), literally the "bread of faces" set perpetually before God, has long been read as a figure pointing to Christ, the bread of life given for the world (John 6:35, 51), who is himself the presence of God among his people. This reading is widely held though more figural than the explicit NT citations of the veil and mercy-seat; it is offered as a typological resonance, not a quotation.

Exodus 35:13 · John 6:35 · John 6:51

The lampstand and the light of the world typological — novel-leaning, offered tentatively

The mənōraṯ ham-mā'ōwr (v.14), the golden lampstand whose luminary (mâ'ôwr) is the very word Genesis 1:14–16 uses for the sun and moon, gave the only light in the windowless Holy Place. The church has long read it as a figure of Christ, the light of the world (John 8:12), and the Apocalypse takes up the seven lamps as the Spirit and the lampstands as the churches that bear his light (Revelation 1:12–20, 4:5). This is a typological resonance, not an explicit citation: no NT text says "the lampstand is Christ," so it is offered as figural and marked accordingly, more reserved than the veil and mercy-seat which rest on direct NT quotation.

Exodus 35:14 · John 8:12 · Revelation 1:12-20

Apparatus & Provenance

The biblical text is the Berean Standard Bible (BSB), public domain (CC0). Hebrew/Greek text, transliteration, morphology and Strong’s are transcribed from the Berean interlinear (CC0) + Strong’s lexicons (PD); the literal renderings, divergence notes, word notes and all synthesis are this tool’s own work (⚙) — fallible; verify them.

Named voices, quoted verbatim from public-domain works:

  • Albert Barnes, Notes on the Bible (1834)
  • Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges, Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (1880s)
  • Charles Ellicott, Commentary for English Readers (1878)
  • Geneva Study Bible, Marginal Notes (1599)
  • Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory (1871)
  • John Gill, Exposition of the Entire Bible (1746–63)
  • Matthew Henry, Concise Commentary on the Whole Bible (1706)
  • Matthew Poole, Annotations upon the Holy Bible (1685)
  • The Pulpit Commentary, Spence & Exell, eds. (1880s)

This unit is entirely Hebrew, and every cross-reference is Hebrew↔Hebrew within the Pentateuch's tabernacle corpus; shared Strong's lexemes are therefore legitimate bases. The verbal-tier threads (vv.11, 12, 19) rest on genuinely rare lexemes — qereç (7 occurrences), śᵉrâd (4), mikçeh (12), pôreketh (23) — confined almost entirely to these chapters; where the shared vocabulary is common tabernacle diction (Dwelling, post, court), the tier is honestly lowered to structural/thematic. No Joshua 1:5 / Hebrews 13:5 thread applies (this is Exodus), and no NT quotation's provenance is contested here. One translation flag stands on its own merit: śᵉrâd in v.19 ("woven garments") is of genuinely uncertain meaning — the Cambridge Bible prints it "the plaited (?) garments" with its own question mark, and we have preserved rather than smoothed that uncertainty. Two voices in the source set — Keil & Delitzsch and Jamieson, Fausset & Brown — are each a single long chapter-overview repeated verbatim on every verse's page; we have therefore not quoted them per-verse, drawing on K&D only where it speaks specifically (the "subordinate things" of v.18) and on JFB once for its statement of the chapter's purpose (v.10), each flagged with an editorial note. The Christ readings are figural and marked ancient/widely-held; only the veil (Hebrews 10:20) and mercy-seat (Romans 3:25) rest on explicit NT citation, and the bread-of-Presence link is offered as the more figural of the three.

✦ = human, public-domain source, quoted and named. ⚙ = machine synthesis, to be verified. Flagged cross-references are left visible on purpose — the verifier working in the open. “Search the Scriptures daily, whether those things were so.” (Acts 17:11)