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Exodus36:20–34

The Frames and Bases

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Exodus 36:20–34 — The Frames and Bases. Each verse below carries the full apparatus: the Berean Standard Bible, the vocalized original (tap any word), and a parsed breakdown of every term transcribed from the interlinear. Synthesized commentary, canonical threads, and the reading of Christ gather at the end, over the whole unit.

20

Next, he constructed upright frames of acacia wood for the tabernacle.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

way·ya·‘aś ’eṯ- ‘ō·mə·ḏîm haq·qə·rā·šîm šiṭ·ṭîm ‘ă·ṣê lam·miš·kān

Word by word7 · parsed
וַיַּ֥עַשׂway·ya·‘aśNext, he constructedH6213
√ ʻâsâh — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest applicationConjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
way-ya‘aś — Qal consecutive imperfect, "and he made." The whole unit is governed by this single anonymous "he," which Gill notes may refer to Moses, to Bezalel, or to "each and everyone of the artificers severally concerned" — and Keil reads as an indefinite subject, "corresponding to the German man (the French on)."
אֶת־’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
עֹמְדִֽים׃‘ō·mə·ḏîmuprightH5975
√ ʻâmad — to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)VerbQalParticiplemasculine plural
‘ōmᵉḏîm — "standing." Geneva supplies the structural reason: the boards stand "to bear up the curtains of the tabernacle." The participle marks the frames as the load-bearing skeleton beneath the woven beauty of the curtains already described.
הַקְּרָשִׁ֖יםhaq·qə·rā·šîmframesH7175
√ qeresh — a slab or plankArticleNounmasculine plural
haqqᵉrāšîm (H7175) — qeresh, the keyword of the entire passage, appearing some thirty-four times in Scripture and clustered almost wholly in the tabernacle chapters. A rare word for a single sacred object: the upright board of the Dwelling.
שִׁטִּ֖יםšiṭ·ṭîmof acaciaH7848
√ shiṭṭâh — the acacia (from its scourging thorns)Nounfeminine plural
עֲצֵ֥י‘ă·ṣêwoodH6086
√ ʻêts — a tree (from its firmness)Nounmasculine plural construct
לַמִּשְׁכָּ֑ןlam·miš·kānfor the tabernacleH4908
√ mishkân — a residence (including a shepherd's hut, the lair of animals, figuratively, the gravePreposition-l, ArticleNounmasculine singular
lammiškān (H4908) — "the Dwelling." The whole point of the joinery: a place where God will dwell. Matthew Henry hears in it the gospel — "the Word being made flesh... he did tabernacle among us."
21

Each frame was ten cubits long and a cubit and a half wide.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

haq·qā·reš ‘e·śer ʾam·mō·wṯ ’ō·reḵ wə·’am·māh wa·ḥă·ṣî hā·’am·māh rō·ḥaḇ haq·qe·reš hā·’e·ḥāḏ

Word by word10 · parsed
הַקָּ֑רֶשׁhaq·qā·rešEach frameH7175
√ qeresh — a slab or plankArticleNounmasculine singular
haqqā́reš — the singular of qeresh; the verse drops from the plural of v.20 to one board, giving its exact span: ten cubits by a cubit and a half (roughly 15 ft by 27 in).
עֶ֥שֶׂר‘e·śer[was] tenH6235
√ ʻeser — ten (as an accumulation to the extent of the digits)Numberfeminine singular construct
אַמֹּ֖ותʾam·mō·wṯcubitsH520
√ ʼammâh — properly, a mother (iNounfeminine plural
אֹ֣רֶךְ’ō·reḵlongH753
√ ʼôrek — lengthNounmasculine singular construct
וְאַמָּה֙wə·’am·māhand a cubitH520
√ ʼammâh — properly, a mother (iConjunctive wawNounfeminine singular
וַחֲצִ֣יwa·ḥă·ṣîand a halfH2677
√ chêtsîy — the half or middleConjunctive wawNounmasculine singular construct
הָֽאַמָּ֔הhā·’am·māh. . .H520
√ ʼammâh — properly, a mother (iArticleNounfeminine singular
רֹ֖חַבrō·ḥaḇwideH7341
√ rôchab — width (literally or figuratively)Nounmasculine singular construct
הַקֶּ֥רֶשׁhaq·qe·reš. . .H7175
√ qeresh — a slab or plankArticleNounmasculine singular
הָאֶחָֽד׃hā·’e·ḥāḏH259
√ ʼechâd — properly, united, iArticleNumbermasculine singular
hā-’eḥāḏ (H259) — "the one." Strong's notes the root means "properly, united, i.e. one"; uniformity is built in from the first plank. Every board is cut to the measure of the one.
22

Two tenons were connected to each other for each frame. He made all the frames of the tabernacle in this way.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

šə·tê yā·ḏōṯ mə·šul·lā·ḇōṯ ’el- hā·’e·ḥāḏ ’a·ḥaṯ ’e·ḥāṯ laq·qe·reš ‘ā·śāh lə·ḵōl qar·šê ham·miš·kān kên

Word by word13 · parsed
שְׁתֵּ֣יšə·têTwoH8147
√ shᵉnayim — twoNumberfeminine dual construct
יָדֹ֗תyā·ḏōṯtenonsH3027
√ yâd — a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etcNounfeminine plural
yāḏōṯ (H3027) — "hands," used here for the projecting tenons. The same word names the open hand "indicating power, means, direction" (Strong's); the board reaches downward with hands to be held.
מְשֻׁלָּבֹ֔תmə·šul·lā·ḇōṯwere connectedH7947
√ shâlab — to space offVerbPualParticiplefeminine plural
mᵉšullāḇōṯ (H7947) — the Pual of šâlab, "to space off," a rare technical verb of joinery used almost only of these boards. The participle keeps the boards permanently in their fitted state.
אֶל־’el-toH413
√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition
הָֽאֶחָ֔דhā·’e·ḥāḏeachH259
√ ʼechâd — properly, united, iArticleNumbermasculine singular
אַחַ֖ת’a·ḥaṯotherH259
√ ʼechâd — properly, united, iNumberfeminine singular
אֶחָ֑ת’e·ḥāṯfor eachH259
√ ʼechâd — properly, united, iNumberfeminine singular
לַקֶּ֙רֶשׁ֙laq·qe·rešframeH7175
√ qeresh — a slab or plankPreposition-l, ArticleNounmasculine singular
עָשָׂ֔ה‘ā·śāhHe madeH6213
√ ʻâsâh — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest applicationVerbQalPerfectthird person masculine singular
‘āśāh — Qal perfect, "he made"; Keil observes these third-singular verbs carry an indefinite subject ("one made"), the craftsmen acting as a single obedient hand.
לְכֹ֖לlə·ḵōlallH3605
√ kôl — properly, the wholePreposition-lNounmasculine singular construct
קַרְשֵׁ֥יqar·šêthe framesH7175
√ qeresh — a slab or plankNounmasculine plural construct
הַמִּשְׁכָּֽן׃ham·miš·kānof the tabernacleH4908
√ mishkân — a residence (including a shepherd's hut, the lair of animals, figuratively, the graveArticleNounmasculine singular
כֵּ֣ןkênin this wayH3651
√ kên — properly, set uprightAdverb
23

He constructed twenty frames for the south side of the tabernacle,

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

way·ya·‘aś ’eṯ- haq·qə·rā·šîm ‘eś·rîm qə·rā·šîm ne·ḡeḇ tê·mā·nāh lip̄·’aṯ lam·miš·kān

Word by word9 · parsed
וַיַּ֥עַשׂway·ya·‘aśHe constructedH6213
√ ʻâsâh — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest applicationConjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
אֶת־’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
הַקְּרָשִׁ֖יםhaq·qə·rā·šîmH7175
√ qeresh — a slab or plankArticleNounmasculine plural
עֶשְׂרִ֣ים‘eś·rîmtwentyH6242
√ ʻesrîym — twentyNumbercommon plural
‘eśrîm qᵉrāšîm — twenty boards for the long south wall. The dwelling is laid out by its first and sunniest flank.
קְרָשִׁ֔יםqə·rā·šîmframesH7175
√ qeresh — a slab or plankNounmasculine plural
נֶ֥גֶבne·ḡeḇfor the southH5045
√ negeb — the south (from its drought)Nounfeminine singular
negeḇ (H5045) — "the south, from its drought." The placement begins on the desert-facing side, the wall that meets the wilderness through which Israel travels.
תֵּימָֽנָה׃tê·mā·nāh. . .H8486
√ têymân — the south (as being on the right hand of a person facing the east)Nounfeminine singularthird person feminine singular
têmānāh (H8486) — "to the right hand," i.e. southward for one facing east. Geography is read off the human frame turned toward the dawn.
לִפְאַ֖תlip̄·’aṯsideH6285
√ pêʼâh — properly, mouth in a figurative sense, iPreposition-lNounfeminine singular construct
לַמִּשְׁכָּ֑ןlam·miš·kānof the tabernacleH4908
√ mishkân — a residence (including a shepherd's hut, the lair of animals, figuratively, the gravePreposition-l, ArticleNounmasculine singular
24

with forty silver bases to put under the twenty frames—two bases for each frame, one under each tenon.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

‘ā·śāh wə·’ar·bā·‘îm ḵe·sep̄ ’aḏ·nê- ta·ḥaṯ ‘eś·rîm haq·qə·rā·šîm šə·nê ’ă·ḏā·nîm ta·ḥaṯ- haq·qe·reš hā·’e·ḥāḏ liš·tê yə·ḏō·ṯāw ū·šə·nê ’ă·ḏā·nîm ta·ḥaṯ- haq·qe·reš hā·’e·ḥāḏ liš·tê yə·ḏō·ṯāw

Word by word21 · parsed
עָשָׂ֕ה‘ā·śāh[with]H6213
√ ʻâsâh — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest applicationVerbQalPerfectthird person masculine singular
וְאַרְבָּעִים֙wə·’ar·bā·‘îmfortyH705
√ ʼarbâʻîym — fortyConjunctive wawNumbercommon plural
כֶ֔סֶףḵe·sep̄silverH3701
√ keçeph — silver (from its pale color)Nounmasculine singular
אַדְנֵי־’aḏ·nê-basesH134
√ ʼeden — a basis (of a building, a column, etcNounmasculine plural construct
’aḏnê (H134) — "bases / sockets," the literal foundation of the whole structure. Forty of them under the twenty south boards: every board grips two.
תַּ֖חַתta·ḥaṯto put underH8478
√ tachath — the bottom (as depressed)Preposition
עֶשְׂרִ֣ים‘eś·rîmthe twentyH6242
√ ʻesrîym — twentyNumbercommon plural
הַקְּרָשִׁ֑יםhaq·qə·rā·šîmframesH7175
√ qeresh — a slab or plankArticleNounmasculine plural
שְׁנֵ֨יšə·nêtwoH8147
√ shᵉnayim — twoNumbermasculine dual construct
אֲדָנִ֜ים’ă·ḏā·nîmbasesH134
√ ʼeden — a basis (of a building, a column, etcNounmasculine plural
’ăḏānîm — the repeated foundation-word; the verse hammers the pattern "two bases under the one... two bases under the one," so that no board stands without a double footing.
תַּֽחַת־ta·ḥaṯ-H8478
√ tachath — the bottom (as depressed)Preposition
הַקֶּ֤רֶשׁhaq·qe·rešfor each frameH7175
√ qeresh — a slab or plankArticleNounmasculine singular
הָאֶחָד֙hā·’e·ḥāḏoneH259
√ ʼechâd — properly, united, iArticleNumbermasculine singular
לִשְׁתֵּ֣יliš·têH8147
√ shᵉnayim — twoPreposition-lNumberfeminine dual construct
יְדֹתָ֔יוyə·ḏō·ṯāwH3027
√ yâd — a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etcNounfeminine plural constructthird person masculine singular
yᵉḏōṯāyw — "its two hands," the board's tenons, each dropped into its own silver socket; "hand" and "base" meet at the foundation.
וּשְׁנֵ֧יū·šə·nêH8147
√ shᵉnayim — twoConjunctive wawNumbermasculine dual construct
אֲדָנִ֛ים’ă·ḏā·nîmH134
√ ʼeden — a basis (of a building, a column, etcNounmasculine plural
תַּֽחַת־ta·ḥaṯ-underH8478
√ tachath — the bottom (as depressed)Preposition
הַקֶּ֥רֶשׁhaq·qe·rešH7175
√ qeresh — a slab or plankArticleNounmasculine singular
הָאֶחָ֖דhā·’e·ḥāḏeachH259
√ ʼechâd — properly, united, iArticleNumbermasculine singular
לִשְׁתֵּ֥יliš·têH8147
√ shᵉnayim — twoPreposition-lNumberfeminine dual construct
יְדֹתָֽיו׃yə·ḏō·ṯāwtenonH3027
√ yâd — a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etcNounfeminine plural constructthird person masculine singular
25

For the second side of the tabernacle, the north side, he made twenty frames

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

haš·šê·nîṯ ū·lə·ṣe·la‘ ham·miš·kān ṣā·p̄ō·wn lip̄·’aṯ ‘ā·śāh ‘eś·rîm qə·rā·šîm

Word by word8 · parsed
הַשֵּׁנִ֖יתhaš·šê·nîṯFor the secondH8145
√ shênîy — properly, double, iArticleNumberordinal feminine singular
haššēnîṯ (H8145) — "the second," from a root meaning "properly, double." The north wall mirrors the south: twenty boards answering twenty, a built symmetry.
וּלְצֶ֧לַעū·lə·ṣe·la‘sideH6763
√ tsêlâʻ — a rib (as curved), literally (of the body) or figuratively (of a door, iConjunctive waw, Preposition-lNounfeminine singular construct
ṣela‘ (H6763) — "rib / side." The tabernacle's long walls are its ribs; Strong's notes the word is used "literally (of the body) or figuratively (of a door)."
הַמִּשְׁכָּ֛ןham·miš·kānof the tabernacleH4908
√ mishkân — a residence (including a shepherd's hut, the lair of animals, figuratively, the graveArticleNounmasculine singular
צָפ֑וֹןṣā·p̄ō·wnthe northH6828
√ tsâphôwn — properly, hidden, iNounfeminine singular
ṣāḟôn (H6828) — "the north, properly hidden." The shaded flank, balancing the bright Negev side.
לִפְאַ֣תlip̄·’aṯsideH6285
√ pêʼâh — properly, mouth in a figurative sense, iPreposition-lNounfeminine singular construct
עָשָׂ֖ה‘ā·śāhhe madeH6213
√ ʻâsâh — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest applicationVerbQalPerfectthird person masculine singular
עֶשְׂרִ֥ים‘eś·rîmtwentyH6242
√ ʻesrîym — twentyNumbercommon plural
קְרָשִֽׁים׃qə·rā·šîmframesH7175
√ qeresh — a slab or plankNounmasculine plural
26

and forty silver bases—two bases under each frame.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wə·’ar·bā·‘îm kā·sep̄ ’aḏ·nê·hem šə·nê ’ă·ḏā·nîm ta·ḥaṯ hā·’e·ḥāḏ haq·qe·reš ū·šə·nê ’ă·ḏā·nîm ta·ḥaṯ hā·’e·ḥāḏ haq·qe·reš

Word by word13 · parsed
וְאַרְבָּעִ֥יםwə·’ar·bā·‘îmand fortyH705
√ ʼarbâʻîym — fortyConjunctive wawNumbercommon plural
כָּ֑סֶףkā·sep̄silverH3701
√ keçeph — silver (from its pale color)Nounmasculine singular
אַדְנֵיהֶ֖ם’aḏ·nê·hembasesH134
√ ʼeden — a basis (of a building, a column, etcNounmasculine plural constructthird person masculine plural
’aḏnêhem (H134) — "their bases"; forty more silver sockets matching the south side, eighty in all for the two long walls.
שְׁנֵ֣יšə·nêtwoH8147
√ shᵉnayim — twoNumbermasculine dual construct
אֲדָנִ֗ים’ă·ḏā·nîmbasesH134
√ ʼeden — a basis (of a building, a column, etcNounmasculine plural
’ăḏānîm — the foundation-noun repeated; the verse's whole rhythm is the doubling of footings under each single board.
תַּ֚חַתta·ḥaṯunderH8478
√ tachath — the bottom (as depressed)Preposition
הָאֶחָ֔דhā·’e·ḥāḏH259
√ ʼechâd — properly, united, iArticleNumbermasculine singular
הַקֶּ֣רֶשׁhaq·qe·rešH7175
√ qeresh — a slab or plankArticleNounmasculine singular
וּשְׁנֵ֣יū·šə·nêH8147
√ shᵉnayim — twoConjunctive wawNumbermasculine dual construct
אֲדָנִ֔ים’ă·ḏā·nîmH134
√ ʼeden — a basis (of a building, a column, etcNounmasculine plural
תַּ֖חַתta·ḥaṯH8478
√ tachath — the bottom (as depressed)Preposition
הָאֶחָֽד׃hā·’e·ḥāḏeachH259
√ ʼechâd — properly, united, iArticleNumbermasculine singular
הַקֶּ֥רֶשׁhaq·qe·rešframeH7175
√ qeresh — a slab or plankArticleNounmasculine singular
27

He made six frames for the rear of the tabernacle, the west side,

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

‘ā·śāh šiš·šāh qə·rā·šîm ū·lə·yar·kə·ṯê ham·miš·kān yām·māh

Word by word6 · parsed
עָשָׂ֖ה‘ā·śāhHe madeH6213
√ ʻâsâh — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest applicationVerbQalPerfectthird person masculine singular
שִׁשָּׁ֥הšiš·šāhsixH8337
√ shêsh — six (as an overplus beyond five or the fingers of the hand)Numbermasculine singular
šiššāh qᵉrāšîm — only six boards close the back wall, against twenty on each long side; the dwelling is a long rectangle open at the east toward the rising sun.
קְרָשִֽׁים׃qə·rā·šîmframesH7175
√ qeresh — a slab or plankNounmasculine plural
וּֽלְיַרְכְּתֵ֥יū·lə·yar·kə·ṯêfor the rearH3411
√ yᵉrêkâh — properly, the flankConjunctive waw, Preposition-lNounfeminine dual construct
yarkᵉṯê (H3411) — "flanks / hindmost parts," the rear of the structure. The Pulpit Commentary prefers the singular: "for the side, or for the back."
הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ןham·miš·kānof the tabernacleH4908
√ mishkân — a residence (including a shepherd's hut, the lair of animals, figuratively, the graveArticleNounmasculine singular
יָ֑מָּהyām·māhthe west sideH3220
√ yâm — a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of waterNounmasculine singularthird person feminine singular
yāmmāh (H3220) — "seaward," the Hebrew word for west, fixed by the sea on Israel's western horizon.
28

and two frames for the two back corners of the tabernacle,

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

‘ā·śāh ū·šə·nê qə·rā·šîm bay·yar·ḵā·ṯā·yim lim·quṣ·‘ōṯ ham·miš·kān

Word by word6 · parsed
עָשָׂ֔ה‘ā·śāh[and]H6213
√ ʻâsâh — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest applicationVerbQalPerfectthird person masculine singular
וּשְׁנֵ֤יū·šə·nêtwoH8147
√ shᵉnayim — twoConjunctive wawNumbermasculine dual construct
ū-šᵉnê qᵉrāšîm — two extra boards beyond the six of v.27, fitted at the back angles to brace the structure where the walls turn.
קְרָשִׁים֙qə·rā·šîmframesH7175
√ qeresh — a slab or plankNounmasculine plural
בַּיַּרְכָתָֽיִם׃bay·yar·ḵā·ṯā·yimfor the two backH3411
√ yᵉrêkâh — properly, the flankPreposition-b, ArticleNounfd
לִמְקֻצְעֹ֖תlim·quṣ·‘ōṯcornersH4742
√ mᵉqutsʻâh — an anglePreposition-lNounfeminine plural
mᵉquṣ‘ōṯ (H4742) — "corners / angles," a rare architectural term; these corner boards solve the engineering of a square join in a board-built wall.
הַמִּשְׁכָּ֑ןham·miš·kānof the tabernacleH4908
√ mishkân — a residence (including a shepherd's hut, the lair of animals, figuratively, the graveArticleNounmasculine singular
29

coupled together from bottom to top and fitted into a single ring. He made both corners in this way.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wə·hā·yū ṯō·w·’ă·mim mil·lə·maṭ·ṭāh wə·yaḥ·dāw yih·yū ṯam·mîm ’el- rō·šōw ’el- hā·’e·ḥāṯ haṭ·ṭab·ba·‘aṯ ‘ā·śāh liš·nê·hem liš·nê ham·miq·ṣō·‘ōṯ kên

Word by word16 · parsed
וְהָי֣וּwə·hā·yūH1961
√ hâyâh — to exist, iConjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person common plural
wᵉhāyû — "and they were"; Cambridge calls v.29 "this difficult verse" (see on 26:24). The exact engineering of the doubled corner board is debated, but its aim is clear: rigidity at the angle.
תוֹאֲמִם֮ṯō·w·’ă·mimcoupled togetherH8380
√ tâʼôwm — a twin (in plural only), literally or figurativelyNounmasculine plural
tô’ămim (H8380) — "twinned." The two corner boards are joined as twins, paired from bottom to head and gathered at a single ring.
מִלְּמַטָּה֒mil·lə·maṭ·ṭāhfrom bottomH4295
√ maṭṭâh — downward, below or beneathPreposition-m, Preposition-lAdverb
וְיַחְדָּ֗וwə·yaḥ·dāw. . .H3162
√ yachad — properly, a unit, iConjunctive wawAdverb
יִהְי֤וּyih·yū. . .H1961
√ hâyâh — to exist, iVerbQalImperfectthird person masculine plural
תַמִּים֙ṯam·mîm. . .H8535
√ tâm — completeAdjectivemasculine plural
tammim (H8535) — "whole / complete." The joint is to be perfect through its full height; the same root names moral integrity (Gen 6:9). Here, applied to timber, it asks for flawless workmanship.
אֶל־’el-toH413
√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition
רֹאשׁ֔וֹrō·šōwtopH7218
√ rôʼsh — the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itcNounmasculine singular constructthird person masculine singular
אֶל־’el-and fitted intoH413
√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition
הָאֶחָ֑תhā·’e·ḥāṯa singleH259
√ ʼechâd — properly, united, iArticleNumberfeminine singular
הַטַּבַּ֖עַתhaṭ·ṭab·ba·‘aṯringH2885
√ ṭabbaʻath — properly, a seal (as sunk into the wax), iArticleNounfeminine singular
haṭṭabba‘aṯ (H2885) — "the ring," from a root for a seal sunk into wax; a single ring binds the twinned corner boards at the head.
עָשָׂ֣ה‘ā·śāhHe madeH6213
√ ʻâsâh — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest applicationVerbQalPerfectthird person masculine singular
לִשְׁנֵיהֶ֔םliš·nê·hembothH8147
√ shᵉnayim — twoPreposition-lNumbermasculine dual constructthird person masculine plural
לִשְׁנֵ֖יliš·nêH8147
√ shᵉnayim — twoPreposition-lNumbermasculine dual construct
הַמִּקְצֹעֹֽת׃ham·miq·ṣō·‘ōṯcornersH4740
√ maqtsôwaʻ — an angle or recessArticleNounmasculine plural
כֵּ֚ןkênin this wayH3651
√ kên — properly, set uprightAdverb
30

So there were eight frames and sixteen silver bases—two under each frame.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wə·hā·yū šə·mō·nāh qə·rā·šîm šiš·šāh ‘ā·śār ke·sep̄ wə·’aḏ·nê·hem šə·nê ’ă·ḏā·nîm šə·nê ’ă·ḏā·nîm ’ă·ḏā·nîm ta·ḥaṯ hā·’e·ḥāḏ haq·qe·reš

Word by word15 · parsed
וְהָיוּ֙wə·hā·yūSo there wereH1961
√ hâyâh — to exist, iConjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person common plural
שְׁמֹנָ֣הšə·mō·nāheightH8083
√ shᵉmôneh — a cardinal number, eight (as if a surplus above the 'perfect' seven)Numbermasculine singular
šᵉmōnāh qᵉrāšîm — "eight boards" total at the back: the six of v.27 plus the two corner boards of v.28, summed here.
קְרָשִׁ֔יםqə·rā·šîmframesH7175
√ qeresh — a slab or plankNounmasculine plural
שִׁשָּׁ֥הšiš·šāhand sixteenH8337
√ shêsh — six (as an overplus beyond five or the fingers of the hand)Numbermasculine singular
šiššāh ‘āśār — "sixteen" silver bases for the eight back boards, completing the count of the western foundations.
עָשָׂ֖ר‘ā·śār. . .H6240
√ ʻâsâr — ten (only in combination), iNumbermasculine singular
כֶּ֔סֶףke·sep̄silverH3701
√ keçeph — silver (from its pale color)Nounmasculine singular
וְאַדְנֵיהֶ֣םwə·’aḏ·nê·hembasesH134
√ ʼeden — a basis (of a building, a column, etcConjunctive wawNounmasculine plural constructthird person masculine plural
wᵉ-’aḏnêhem (H134) — "and their bases"; Ellicott reads a haplography here, the repeated foundation-clause having dropped out of the Masoretic text once. A frank textual seam.
שְׁנֵ֤יšə·nêtwoH8147
√ shᵉnayim — twoNumbermasculine dual construct
אֲדָנִים֙’ă·ḏā·nîm. . .H134
√ ʼeden — a basis (of a building, a column, etcNounmasculine plural
שְׁנֵ֣יšə·nê. . .H8147
√ shᵉnayim — twoNumbermasculine dual construct
אֲדָנִ֔ים’ă·ḏā·nîm. . .H134
√ ʼeden — a basis (of a building, a column, etcNounmasculine plural
אֲדָנִ֑ים’ă·ḏā·nîmH134
√ ʼeden — a basis (of a building, a column, etcNounmasculine plural
תַּ֖חַתta·ḥaṯunderH8478
√ tachath — the bottom (as depressed)Preposition
הָאֶחָֽד׃hā·’e·ḥāḏeachH259
√ ʼechâd — properly, united, iArticleNumbermasculine singular
הַקֶּ֥רֶשׁhaq·qe·rešframeH7175
√ qeresh — a slab or plankArticleNounmasculine singular
31

He also made five crossbars of acacia wood for the frames on one side of the tabernacle,

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

way·ya·‘aś ḥă·miš·šāh bə·rî·ḥê šiṭ·ṭîm ‘ă·ṣê lə·qar·šê hā·’e·ḥāṯ ṣe·la‘- ham·miš·kān

Word by word9 · parsed
וַיַּ֥עַשׂway·ya·‘aśHe also madeH6213
√ ʻâsâh — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest applicationConjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
חֲמִשָּׁ֕הḥă·miš·šāhfiveH2568
√ châmêsh — fiveNumbermasculine singular
ḥămiššāh — "five" bars per side; the standing boards, otherwise free, are belted by five horizontal bolts into a single rigid panel.
בְּרִיחֵ֖יbə·rî·ḥêcrossbarsH1280
√ bᵉrîyach — a boltNounmasculine plural construct
bᵉrîḥê (H1280) — "bolts / crossbars," a relatively rare word (some thirty-six occurrences), clustered in the tabernacle and in poetry of gates that are "barred."
שִׁטִּ֑יםšiṭ·ṭîmof acaciaH7848
√ shiṭṭâh — the acacia (from its scourging thorns)Nounfeminine plural
עֲצֵ֣י‘ă·ṣêwoodH6086
√ ʻêts — a tree (from its firmness)Nounmasculine plural construct
לְקַרְשֵׁ֥יlə·qar·šêfor the framesH7175
√ qeresh — a slab or plankPreposition-lNounmasculine plural construct
הָאֶחָֽת׃hā·’e·ḥāṯon oneH259
√ ʼechâd — properly, united, iArticleNumberfeminine singular
צֶֽלַע־ṣe·la‘-sideH6763
√ tsêlâʻ — a rib (as curved), literally (of the body) or figuratively (of a door, iNounfeminine singular construct
ṣela‘ (H6763) — "rib / side"; the bars are reckoned per rib-wall of the Dwelling.
הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ןham·miš·kānof the tabernacleH4908
√ mishkân — a residence (including a shepherd's hut, the lair of animals, figuratively, the graveArticleNounmasculine singular
32

five for those on the other side, and five for those on the rear side of the tabernacle, to the west.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wa·ḥă·miš·šāh ḇə·rî·ḥim lə·qar·šê haš·šê·nîṯ ṣe·la‘- ham·miš·kān wa·ḥă·miš·šāh ḇə·rî·ḥim lə·qar·šê lay·yar·ḵā·ṯa·yim ham·miš·kān yām·māh

Word by word12 · parsed
וַחֲמִשָּׁ֣הwa·ḥă·miš·šāhfiveH2568
√ châmêsh — fiveConjunctive wawNumbermasculine singular
בְרִיחִ֔םḇə·rî·ḥimH1280
√ bᵉrîyach — a boltNounmasculine plural
לְקַרְשֵׁ֥יlə·qar·šêfor [those]H7175
√ qeresh — a slab or plankPreposition-lNounmasculine plural construct
הַשֵּׁנִ֑יתhaš·šê·nîṯon the otherH8145
√ shênîy — properly, double, iArticleNumberordinal feminine singular
haššēnîṯ (H8145) — "the second" rib-wall; the bars are distributed five, five, and five across the three walls.
צֶֽלַע־ṣe·la‘-sideH6763
√ tsêlâʻ — a rib (as curved), literally (of the body) or figuratively (of a door, iNounfeminine singular construct
הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ןham·miš·kānH4908
√ mishkân — a residence (including a shepherd's hut, the lair of animals, figuratively, the graveArticleNounmasculine singular
וַחֲמִשָּׁ֤הwa·ḥă·miš·šāhand fiveH2568
√ châmêsh — fiveConjunctive wawNumbermasculine singular
בְרִיחִם֙ḇə·rî·ḥimH1280
√ bᵉrîyach — a boltNounmasculine plural
לְקַרְשֵׁ֣יlə·qar·šêfor thoseH7175
√ qeresh — a slab or plankPreposition-lNounmasculine plural construct
לַיַּרְכָתַ֖יִםlay·yar·ḵā·ṯa·yimon the rear sideH3411
√ yᵉrêkâh — properly, the flankPreposition-l, ArticleNounfd
layyarkāṯayim (H3411) — "to the flanks" (dual), the back of the dwelling; the Pulpit Commentary notes "the same alteration should be made" as in v.27 — "back" rather than "sides."
הַמִּשְׁכָּ֔ןham·miš·kānof the tabernacleH4908
√ mishkân — a residence (including a shepherd's hut, the lair of animals, figuratively, the graveArticleNounmasculine singular
יָֽמָּה׃yām·māhto the westH3220
√ yâm — a sea (as breaking in noisy surf) or large body of waterNounmasculine singularthird person feminine singular
33

He made the central crossbar to run through the center of the frames, from one end to the other.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

way·ya·‘aś ’eṯ- hat·tî·ḵōn hab·bə·rî·aḥ liḇ·rō·aḥ bə·ṯō·wḵ haq·qə·rā·šîm min- haq·qā·ṣeh ’el- haq·qā·ṣeh

Word by word11 · parsed
וַיַּ֖עַשׂway·ya·‘aśHe madeH6213
√ ʻâsâh — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest applicationConjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
אֶת־’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
הַתִּיכֹ֑ןhat·tî·ḵōnthe centralH8484
√ tîykôwn — centralArticleAdjectivemasculine singular
hattîḵōn (H8484) — "the middle one," set apart from the other four bars; tradition (and the run-through verb) takes it as a single concealed bolt passing inside the boards' full length.
הַבְּרִ֣יחַhab·bə·rî·aḥcrossbarH1280
√ bᵉrîyach — a boltArticleNounmasculine singular
לִבְרֹ֙חַ֙liḇ·rō·aḥto run throughH1272
√ bârach — to bolt, iPreposition-lVerbQalInfinitive construct
liḇrōaḥ (H1272) — "to run/bolt through"; the verb plays on the noun bᵉrîyach — a bar that bars, a bolt that bolts.
בְּת֣וֹךְbə·ṯō·wḵthe centerH8432
√ tâvek — a bisection, iPreposition-bNounmasculine singular construct
הַקְּרָשִׁ֔יםhaq·qə·rā·šîmof the framesH7175
√ qeresh — a slab or plankArticleNounmasculine plural
מִן־min-fromH4480
√ min — properly, a part ofPreposition
הַקָּצֶ֖הhaq·qā·ṣehone endH7097
√ qâtseh — an extremityArticleNounmasculine singular
haqqāṣeh ... haqqāṣeh (H7097) — "from the [one] end to the [other] end"; the middle bar alone spans the whole, binding every board into one continuous wall.
אֶל־’el-toH413
√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition
הַקָּצֶֽה׃haq·qā·ṣehthe otherH7097
√ qâtseh — an extremityArticleNounmasculine singular
34

And he overlaid the frames with gold and made gold rings to hold the crossbars. He also overlaid the crossbars with gold.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wə·’eṯ- ṣip·pāh haq·qə·rā·šîm zā·hāḇ wə·’eṯ- ‘ā·śāh zā·hāḇ ṭab·bə·‘ō·ṯām bāt·tîm lab·bə·rî·ḥim way·ṣap̄ ’eṯ- hab·bə·rî·ḥim zā·hāḇ

Word by word14 · parsed
וְֽאֶת־wə·’eṯ-AndH853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker
צִפָּ֣הṣip·pāhhe overlaidH6823
√ tsâphâh — to sheet over (especially with metal)VerbPielPerfectthird person masculine singular
ṣippāh (H6823) — Piel perfect, "he sheeted over." The thorny acacia frame is wholly encased in gold; the humble wood is never seen once the dwelling stands.
הַקְּרָשִׁ֞יםhaq·qə·rā·šîmthe framesH7175
√ qeresh — a slab or plankArticleNounmasculine plural
זָהָ֗בzā·hāḇwith goldH2091
√ zâhâb — gold, figuratively, something gold-colored (iNounmasculine singular
וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker
עָשָׂ֣ה‘ā·śāhand madeH6213
√ ʻâsâh — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest applicationVerbQalPerfectthird person masculine singular
זָהָ֔בzā·hāḇgoldH2091
√ zâhâb — gold, figuratively, something gold-colored (iNounmasculine singular
טַבְּעֹתָם֙ṭab·bə·‘ō·ṯāmringsH2885
√ ṭabbaʻath — properly, a seal (as sunk into the wax), iNounfeminine plural constructthird person masculine plural
ṭabbᵉ‘ōṯām (H2885) — "their rings," of gold, made to receive the bars; the same seal-root as the corner-ring of v.29.
בָּתִּ֖יםbāt·tîmto holdH1004
√ bayith — a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etcNounmasculine plural
bāttîm (H1004) — "houses," the term for the ring-sockets that hold the bars; even the hardware is named with the word for dwelling.
לַבְּרִיחִ֑םlab·bə·rî·ḥimthe crossbarsH1280
√ bᵉrîyach — a boltPreposition-l, ArticleNounmasculine plural
וַיְצַ֥ףway·ṣap̄He also overlaidH6823
√ tsâphâh — to sheet over (especially with metal)Conjunctive wawVerbPielConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
אֶת־’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
הַבְּרִיחִ֖םhab·bə·rî·ḥimthe crossbarsH1280
√ bᵉrîyach — a boltArticleNounmasculine plural
זָהָֽב׃zā·hāḇwith goldH2091
√ zâhâb — gold, figuratively, something gold-colored (iNounmasculine singular
zāhāḇ (H2091) — "gold," the third use in the verse. The wooden bones end clothed in gold — Geneva: "overlaid the boards with gold... and overlaid the bars with gold."

The verse-by-verse work is done. What follows gathers the whole unit. All three layers below are machine-generated (⚙). Weigh them; they have no authority.

⚙

Grand Commentary — the unit, read whole

synthesis · verify

AI synthesis — woven from the public-domain voices above and the original text; generated and fallible.

i. The standing boards — bones of the Dwelling — 36:20-22

The unit turns from the woven curtains to the skeleton beneath them. The keyword is qeresh (H7175) — a bare "slab or plank" — and the verse insists the boards are ‘ōmᵉḏîm, a Qal participle: not "upright" as a trait but "standing," caught in the act (⚙ my reading of the parse; the participle is in the Berean data). The Geneva Study Bible supplies the reason they stand: "to bear up the curtains of the tabernacle" — load-bearing bone under woven skin. The wood is šiṭṭîm, acacia, named by Strong's "from its scourging thorns": the desert's most thorn-armored, rot-proof timber becomes the frame of God's house. Cambridge presses the noun under miškān: not "tabernacle" but "the Dwelling." The tenons are yāḏōṯ — literally "hands" (H3027) — "set in order one against another," as the Pulpit Commentary corrects the older "equally distant"; Cambridge calls them "clamped together." The boards stand with hands.

ii. Forty silver bases — a foundation of ransom — 36:23-30

South (the parched negeḇ), north (ṣāḟôn, "the hidden"), and seaward west: twenty boards, twenty boards, eight boards, each gripping its silver footings. The foundation-word is ’eden (H134), "a basis (of a building, a column)" — and the silver of these very bases, Exodus 38 records, was the atonement-money of the numbered people. The Dwelling literally stands on ransom. The text's bookkeeping is exact and even confesses its seams: at v.30 Ellicott judges that the clause "takhath hak-keresh ha-ekhâd... have accidentally fallen out here in one place" — an honest textual scar the smooth English heals over. Keil notes the whole section runs on a third-singular "he made" with "an indefinite subject, corresponding to the German man"; Gill hears in that anonymous "he" either Moses, or Bezalel, "or each and everyone of the artificers severally concerned" — a named craft made nameless in service.

iii. The bars and the gold — bolted into one, clothed in glory — 36:31-34

Five bᵉrîḥê (H1280, "bolts") per rib-wall belt the free-standing boards into a single panel, and one is singled out: hattîḵōn (H8484), "the middle bar," a rare word (nine occurrences in all Scripture), made liḇrōaḥ — "to run/bolt through" (Geneva: "to shoot through") from end to end. Then the climax: ṣippāh ... zāhāḇ, "he sheeted [it] over with gold" — the intensive Piel of plating — with zāhāḇ sounded three times in one verse (boards, rings, bars). Even the gold rings are called bāttîm, "houses" (H1004), for the bars: the very fastenings bear the word for home, fitting in a structure whose whole name is "the Dwelling." The thorn-wood is never seen once it stands; it is wholly clothed in gold. Matthew Henry reads the finished work as fit "for our imitation" in "the exactness with which they performed it," and elsewhere hears the gospel in the Dwelling itself: "the Word being made flesh... he did tabernacle among us."

Read under Sola Scriptura — this tool’s own fallible reading (⚙)

⚙ My own fallible reading, offered under Sola Scriptura to be tested against the text: the boards preach the doctrine of the saint and the church in miniature. Take a single plank — common desert acacia, a thorn-tree (šiṭṭîm, "from its scourging thorns"). Left alone it is rough wood. But it is cut to one measure, given two "hands" (yāḏōṯ) by which it is socketed into silver — and silver, the ransom-money, is the price of a soul. So the board does not stand on the ground; it is held, footed in atonement. Then it is bolted to its neighbors by bars that bolt (bᵉrîaḥ) the whole wall into one, and over it all is sheeted gold, so that the thorn within is never seen, only glory without. A ransomed soul, founded on a price not its own, bound to its fellows into one house, and clothed in a righteousness that hides the thorn: this is the sermon I hear in the joinery. I hold it loosely — the text states no allegory; it states measurements. But the measurements are not idle, and the One who later "tabernacled among us" (Jn 1:14, in Henry's reading) was himself founded, framed, and clothed for our dwelling with God.

Common thorn-wood, footed in ransom-silver and clothed in gold — that is the saint, and the sermon is in the joinery. (⚙ a reading to be tested, not a verse)

⚙

Canonical Threads — out to the whole of Scripture

cross-refs · verify

AI-generated connections. Each carries a verification badge with a recorded basis; contested links are flagged.

The command and its execution — the boards of Exodus 26 verbal / quotation — confirmed

This whole panel is the obedient mirror of the building-command in Exodus 26:15-30. The boards (qeresh), their acacia wood (šiṭṭâh), and the Dwelling (mishkân) recur word-for-word; the Verifier records the rare shared lexeme qeresh (in only 34 verses) plus šiṭṭâh (28 vv) tying the make-report directly to the make-order. Ellicott: "the order of Exodus 26 being still followed... the correspondence is closer than would appear from the Authorised Version." What God said, the people did, board for board.

Exodus 26:15 · Exodus 26:18 · Exodus 26:23

basis: rare shared lexemes verified: H7175 qeresh (34 vv), H7848 shiṭṭâh (28 vv), H4908 mishkân (129 vv); Ex 36:20↔26:15 also shares H6086 ʻêts, H5975 ʻâmad — the execution narrates the command

The bars and rings — the command for the bolts (Exodus 26:26-29) verbal / quotation — confirmed

The crossbars (bᵉrîaḥ) and gold rings answer the bolt-command of Exodus 26:26-29. The Verifier confirms the rare bolt-word bᵉrîyach (in 36 vv) shared between 36:31 and 26:26, and between 36:34 and 26:29 it records bᵉrîyach with the rings-word ṭabbaʻath (38 vv) and the plating-verb tsâphâh (40 vv). The middle bar of 36:33 carries the very rare tîykôwn ("central," only 9 occurrences) shared with 26:28 — a near-quotation of the bolt-command.

Exodus 26:26 · Exodus 26:28 · Exodus 26:29

basis: rare shared lexemes verified: H1280 bᵉrîyach (36 vv), H8484 tîykôwn (9 vv, 36:33↔26:28), H2885 ṭabbaʻath (38 vv) and H6823 tsâphâh (40 vv, 36:34↔26:29)

The Dwelling re-erected and carried — Exodus 40 and Numbers 3-4 structural / thematic — confirmed

The same boards-and-bases reappear when the tabernacle is finally set up (Exodus 40:18) and when the Kohathites and Merarites are charged to carry the boards, bars, and bases through the wilderness (Numbers 3:36; 4:31). These verses share the standard structural vocabulary qeresh + mishkân but make no quotation claim — they describe the same objects in new settings (erected, then portable), so the link is structural rather than a citation. The Verifier returns "structural / thematic" for 36:20↔Numbers 4:31, sharing H7175 and H4908 only.

Exodus 40:18 · Numbers 3:36 · Numbers 4:31

basis: shared structural lexemes H7175 qeresh, H4908 mishkân (Verifier: 36:20↔Num 4:31 tiered structural — same objects, no quotation)

The finished frame in the inventory — Exodus 35:11 and 39:33 structural / thematic — confirmed

The boards, bars, bases, and rings are listed both in the call for materials (Exodus 35:11) and in the final hand-over of the completed work to Moses (Exodus 39:33), where the mishkân with its qᵉrāšîm and bars is brought as one finished whole. The shared terms are the common structural pair qeresh + mishkân; this is an inventory echo, a thematic frame around the construction, not a quotation.

Exodus 35:11 · Exodus 39:33

basis: shared structural lexemes H7175 qeresh, H4908 mishkân — inventory/hand-over of the same components, no quotation claim

The rib of the Dwelling and the rib of Adam — ṣela‘ (Genesis 2:21-22) structural / thematic — confirmed

⚙ A quieter verbal echo, offered carefully. The long walls of the Dwelling are each a ṣela‘ (H6763, vv. 25, 31-32), "a rib (as curved)" — the very noun used for the rib God took from the sleeping man to build the woman (Genesis 2:21-22). The Verifier confirms the shared lexeme but tiers the link structural / thematic, not verbal: ṣela‘ is a moderately common word (31 verses), and here it lives in two unrelated domains — architecture versus anatomy — so this is a wordplay/motif resonance, not a quotation or citation. I note the shared term honestly and hold any figural payload (a rib enclosing a dwelling where God and his people meet, as the rib of Adam framed the one who would meet him) loosely: the text states a wall, not an allegory. The connection is mine, marked, and downgraded by rule because a single mid-frequency lexeme across genres cannot carry a "verbal" badge.

Genesis 2:21 · Genesis 2:22

basis: shared lexeme H6763 tsêlâʻ (31 vv), but used in different domains (wall vs. anatomy) — Verifier returns structural, not verbal; a wordplay/motif echo, not a quotation

⚙Christ in the Unittypology · verify

AI-generated reading; weigh it against the text.

The Dwelling and the Word made flesh widely-held

The aim of all this joinery is the mishkân, "the Dwelling" — God's residence with men (Cambridge: "the Dwelling. So vv. 22, 23, &c."). Matthew Henry, on this very chapter, hears the gospel in the word: "this love was shown by Christ's taking up his abode on earth; by the Word being made flesh, Joh 1:14, wherein, as the original expresses it, he did tabernacle among us." John's verb eskēnōsen (literally "pitched his tent / tabernacled," Jn 1:14) is widely held to recall this tent of meeting — and the Septuagint regularly renders mishkân with the cognate σκηνή, the consonants of which (š-k-n) shadow the Hebrew root šākan, "to dwell." That cross-linguistic root-play is suggestive, but it is not a shared Strong's number: this is a Greek↔Hebrew link, and the Verifier finds no shared original-language lexeme, so the badge is typological/structural — argued from the concept of God dwelling with man, not asserted from vocabulary. By rule a cross-Testament link can never be tiered "verbal." The attestation is ancient and widely held in the church.

John 1:14 · Exodus 36:20

Acacia clothed in gold — the two natures housed for our dwelling widely-held

⚙ A more tentative figural reading: the frame is humble desert thorn-wood (šiṭṭîm) wholly sheeted in gold (zāhāḇ, v.34), the wood never seen once it stands. Christian tradition has long read the gold-over-acacia of the tabernacle's wood as a figure of Christ — true humanity (the lowly, incorruptible wood) within true glory (the gold) — the one in whom God came to dwell. This is a typological reading argued from the materials, not from any shared lexeme (a cross-Testament figure, so verbal tiering is excluded); I mark it as the more widely-held patristic line, yet hold the specific allegory loosely, since the text states materials, not meanings. Compare the gold-and-wood ark of the covenant (Exodus 25:10-11) and Hebrews' reading of the sanctuary as "a copy and shadow of the heavenly things" (Heb 8:5).

Hebrews 8:5 · Exodus 36:34

Apparatus & Provenance

The biblical text is the Berean Standard Bible (BSB), public domain (CC0). Hebrew/Greek text, transliteration, morphology and Strong’s are transcribed from the Berean interlinear (CC0) + Strong’s lexicons (PD); the literal renderings, divergence notes, word notes and all synthesis are this tool’s own work (⚙) — fallible; verify them.

Named voices, quoted verbatim from public-domain works:

  • Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges, — (1880s)
  • Charles Ellicott, Commentary for English Readers (1878)
  • Geneva Study Bible, Marginal Notes (1599)
  • Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory (1871)
  • John Gill, Exposition of the Entire Bible (1746–63)
  • Keil & Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament (1860s)
  • Matthew Henry, Concise Commentary on the Whole Bible (1706)
  • The Pulpit Commentary, Spence & Exell, eds. (1880s)

This is a measurement-and-construction unit (Hebrew only), so the synthesis stays close to the carpentry: literal renderings restore the participle "standing" (‘ōmᵉḏîm), the body-words "hands" (yāḏōṯ) and "head" (rōš), and the foundation-word "bases" (’eden). Honesty notes: (1) The voices_raw for this chapter are unusually repetitive — Matthew Henry, Barnes, Jamieson-Fausset-Brown, Gill, and Keil reproduce the same chapter-level or section-level note on every verse; Barnes and Poole add only cross-references ("See the notes to Exodus 26" / no text), and JFB's note is actually on v.5 (the restrained giving), not on the boards at all. I have therefore drawn verse-specific voices chiefly from Geneva, Cambridge, the Pulpit Commentary, and Ellicott; to broaden the chorus I added one verbatim Gill line on the gift-fitted workers and one verbatim JFB line on the craftsmen's integrity, each flagged via editorial_note as a chapter/v.5 excerpt rather than a comment on these verses. (2) Verse 30 has a genuine textual seam: Ellicott (and the comparison with Exodus 26:25) judges a repeated clause has "accidentally fallen out" of the Masoretic text — recorded openly rather than smoothed. (3) All Hebrew↔Hebrew threads were re-run through the Verifier and tiered by the rarity of the shared lexeme: qeresh (34 vv), šiṭṭâh (28 vv), bᵉrîyach (36 vv), and especially tîykôwn (9 vv) carry the "verbal" tier (36:20↔26:15, 36:31↔26:26, 36:33↔26:28, 36:34↔26:29 all confirmed verbal); the merely structural pair qeresh+mishkân with high-frequency partners (Ex 40:18, 39:33, 35:11, Num 3:36, 4:31, and Ex 26:23) was kept at "structural/thematic." The added Genesis 2 rib-link shares only ṣela‘ (31 vv) across two different domains (wall vs. anatomy); the Verifier returns structural, not verbal, so it is badged structural and its figural read held loosely. (4) Both Christ entries are cross-Testament (Greek↔Hebrew), so by rule they are tiered typological/structural, never verbal — the Verifier confirms no shared Strong's lexeme exists for Ex 36:20↔John 1:14 or Ex 36:34↔Heb 8:5 (both return "flagged — verify source: no shared original-language lexeme"); they are argued from concept (God's dwelling; gold-clad wood), the σκηνή/šākan root-play noted as suggestive not probative, and the specific gold-over-acacia allegory marked as held loosely. The Joshua 1:5→Hebrews 13:5 flag rule does not apply: this unit contains no Joshua text and no NT quotation of these verses.

✦ = human, public-domain source, quoted and named. ⚙ = machine synthesis, to be verified. Flagged cross-references are left visible on purpose — the verifier working in the open. “Search the Scriptures daily, whether those things were so.” (Acts 17:11)