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Genesis29:14–30

Jacob Marries Leah and Rachel

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Genesis 29:14–30 — Jacob Marries Leah and Rachel. Each verse below carries the full apparatus: the Berean Standard Bible, the vocalized original (tap any word), and a parsed breakdown of every term transcribed from the interlinear. Synthesized commentary, canonical threads, and the reading of Christ gather at the end, over the whole unit.

14

Then Laban declared, “You are indeed my own flesh and blood.” After Jacob had stayed with him a month,

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

lā·ḇān way·yō·mer lōw ’āt·tāh ’aḵ ū·ḇə·śā·rî ‘aṣ·mî way·yê·šeḇ ‘im·mōw ḥō·ḏeš yā·mîm

Word by word11 · parsed
לָבָ֔ןlā·ḇānThen LabanH3837
√ Lâbân — Laban, a MesopotamianNounpropermasculine singular
Laban (H3837) — the name fronts the clause in Hebrew, throwing emphasis onto the speaker who will dominate this entire unit.
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרway·yō·merdeclaredH559
√ ʼâmar — to say (used with great latitude)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
לוֹ֙lōw. . .
Prepositionthird person masculine singular
אָ֑תָּה’āt·tāhYou areH859
√ ʼattâh — thou and thee, or (plural) ye and youPronounsecond person masculine singular
אַ֛ךְ’aḵindeedH389
√ ʼak — a particle of affirmation, surelyAdverb
’aḵ here functions as the hinge of recognition: Laban formally acknowledges the kinship Jacob has just recited, and "thereby eo ipso ensured him an abode in his house" (Keil & Delitzsch).
וּבְשָׂרִ֖יū·ḇə·śā·rîmy own fleshH1320
√ bâsâr — flesh (from its freshness)Conjunctive wawNounmasculine singular constructfirst person common singular
bāśār, "flesh," rooted (per Strong's) in the idea of freshness. Joined to "bone" it forms the oldest covenant-of-kinship idiom in Scripture, first spoken by Adam over Eve (Genesis 2:23) and later by Israel over David (2 Samuel 5:1).
עַצְמִ֥י‘aṣ·mîand bloodH6106
√ ʻetsem — a bone (as strong)Nounfeminine singular constructfirst person common singular
ʻetsem, "bone" — Strong's notes the root sense "as strong." The pairing of fragile flesh with strong bone expresses total shared substance; this is not sentiment but a claim of family obligation.
וַיֵּ֥שֶׁבway·yê·šeḇAfter Jacob had stayedH3427
√ yâshab — properly, to sit down (specifically as judgeConjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
עִמּ֖וֹ‘im·mōwwith himH5973
√ ʻim — adverb or preposition, with (iPrepositionthird person masculine singular
חֹ֥דֶשׁḥō·ḏeša monthH2320
√ chôdesh — the new moonNounmasculine singular construct
ḥōḏeš (H2320) derives from the new moon — the month measured from new moon to new moon, "twenty-nine or thirty days" (Barnes). The probationary month over, the bargaining of v.15 begins.
יָמִֽים׃yā·mîm. . .H3117
√ yôwm — a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)Nounmasculine plural
15

Laban said to him, “Just because you are my relative, should you work for nothing? Tell me what your wages should be.”

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

lā·ḇān way·yō·mer lə·ya·‘ă·qōḇ hă·ḵî- ’at·tāh ’ā·ḥî wa·‘ă·ḇaḏ·ta·nî ḥin·nām hag·gî·ḏāh lî mah- maś·kur·te·ḵā

Word by word12 · parsed
לָבָן֙lā·ḇānLabanH3837
√ Lâbân — Laban, a MesopotamianNounpropermasculine singular
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרway·yō·mersaidH559
√ ʼâmar — to say (used with great latitude)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
לְיַעֲקֹ֔בlə·ya·‘ă·qōḇto himH3290
√ Yaʻăqôb — Jaakob, the Israelitish patriarchPreposition-lNounpropermasculine singular
הֲכִי־hă·ḵî-Just becauseH3588
√ kîy — (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below)Conjunction
hă-ḵî opens the clause as a question expecting assent — "is it the case that...?" The Pulpit renders the force: "is it not that thou art my brother?"
אַ֔תָּה’at·tāhyou areH859
√ ʼattâh — thou and thee, or (plural) ye and youPronounsecond person masculine singular
אָחִ֣י’ā·ḥîmy relativeH251
√ ʼâch — a brother (used in the widest sense of literal relationship and metaphorical affinity or resemblance (like father))Nounmasculine singular constructfirst person common singular
’āḥî, "my brother" — the leverage of the whole arrangement. Laban names the bond and in the same breath monetizes it.
וַעֲבַדְתַּ֖נִיwa·‘ă·ḇaḏ·ta·nîshould you workH5647
√ ʻâbad — to work (in any sense)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectsecond person masculine singularfirst person common singular
wa-ʻăḇaḏtanî (from ʻâbad, H5647) — the verb "to serve/work" that will recur as the drumbeat of the chapter: Jacob serves seven years, then seven more (vv. 18, 20, 25, 27, 30).
חִנָּ֑םḥin·nāmfor nothingH2600
√ chinnâm — gratis, iAdverb
ḥinnām — "for nothing." The same word the Psalter uses for hatred and suffering "without cause"; here it frames the question of just recompense.
הַגִּ֥ידָהhag·gî·ḏāhTellH5046
√ nâgad — properly, to front, iVerbHifilImperativemasculine singularthird person feminine singular
לִּ֖יme
Prepositionfirst person common singular
מַה־mah-whatH4100
√ mâh — properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?)Interrogative
מַּשְׂכֻּרְתֶּֽךָ׃maś·kur·te·ḵāyour wages should beH4909
√ maskôreth — wages or a rewardNounfeminine singular constructsecond person masculine singular
maśkurtekā — "thy wages." The request seems generous but, in Keil's reading, masks self-interest "under the appearance of justice and kindness."
16

Now Laban had two daughters; the older was named Leah, and the younger was named Rachel.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

ū·lə·lā·ḇān šə·tê ḇā·nō·wṯ hag·gə·ḏō·lāh šêm lê·’āh haq·qə·ṭan·nāh wə·šêm rā·ḥêl

Word by word9 · parsed
וּלְלָבָ֖ןū·lə·lā·ḇānNow LabanH3837
√ Lâbân — Laban, a MesopotamianConjunctive waw, Preposition-lNounpropermasculine singular
שְׁתֵּ֣יšə·têhad twoH8147
√ shᵉnayim — twoNumberfeminine dual construct
šĕtê (H8147), "two" in the feminine dual construct — the verse is built around the pair, the two daughters who will become the two mothers of the twelve tribes.
בָנ֑וֹתḇā·nō·wṯdaughtersH1323
√ bath — a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)Nounfeminine plural
הַגְּדֹלָה֙hag·gə·ḏō·lāhthe olderH1419
√ gâdôwl — great (in any sense)ArticleAdjectivefeminine singular
haggĕḏōlāh, "the elder" / literally "the great" — primogeniture language; the firstborn daughter whose precedence Laban will later invoke as binding custom (v.26).
שֵׁ֤םšêmwas namedH8034
√ shêm — an appellation, as amark or memorial of individualityNounmasculine singular construct
לֵאָ֔הlê·’āhLeahH3812
√ Lêʼâh — Leah, a wife of JacobNounproperfeminine singular
Leah (H3812) — named first because eldest; named, the rabbis and reformers note, with a word of weariness or pining. Yet she, not the beautiful one, becomes mother of Judah and so of the Messianic line (Ellicott on v.17).
הַקְּטַנָּ֖הhaq·qə·ṭan·nāhand the youngerH6996
√ qâṭân — abbreviated, iArticleAdjectivefeminine singular
haqqĕṭannāh, "the younger" / "the little one" — Rachel, named last, loved first.
וְשֵׁ֥םwə·šêmwas namedH8034
√ shêm — an appellation, as amark or memorial of individualityConjunctive wawNounmasculine singular construct
רָחֵֽל׃rā·ḥêlRachelH7354
√ Râchêl — Rachel, a wife of JacobNounproperfeminine singular
Rachel (H7354) — "a ewe" (Gesenius), the shepherdess named for a sheep; the bride for whom the shepherd Jacob will serve.
17

Leah had weak eyes, but Rachel was shapely and beautiful.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

lê·’āh rak·kō·wṯ wə·‘ê·nê wə·rā·ḥêl hā·yə·ṯāh yə·p̄aṯ- tō·’ar wî·p̄aṯ mar·’eh

Word by word9 · parsed
לֵאָ֖הlê·’āhLeahH3812
√ Lêʼâh — Leah, a wife of JacobNounproperfeminine singular
רַכּ֑וֹתrak·kō·wṯhad weakH7390
√ rak — tender (literally or figuratively)Adjectivefeminine plural
rakkôt — the crux of the verse. "Tender" eyes were a defect in a culture that prized "bright eyes, with fire in them" (Keil); the contrast is set up to explain why Jacob preferred Rachel and why Laban needed deceit to marry off Leah.
וְעֵינֵ֥יwə·‘ê·nêeyesH5869
√ ʻayin — an eye (literally or figuratively)Conjunctive wawNouncdc
וְרָחֵל֙wə·rā·ḥêlbut RachelH7354
√ Râchêl — Rachel, a wife of JacobConjunctive wawNounproperfeminine singular
הָֽיְתָ֔הhā·yə·ṯāhwasH1961
√ hâyâh — to exist, iVerbQalPerfectthird person feminine singular
יְפַת־yə·p̄aṯ-shapelyH3303
√ yâpheh — beautiful (literally or figuratively)Adjectivefeminine singular construct
yĕp̄at (from yâpheh, H3303) — "beautiful." Repeated twice, of form and of face; the narrative's only physical description, and it is lavished on the sister Jacob will not first receive.
תֹּ֖אַרtō·’ar. . .H8389
√ tôʼar — outline, iNounmasculine singular
tōʼar, "form, outline" — bodily shape; the same word used of Joseph's handsomeness (Genesis 39:6).
וִיפַ֥תwî·p̄aṯand beautifulH3303
√ yâpheh — beautiful (literally or figuratively)Conjunctive wawAdjectivefeminine singular construct
מַרְאֶֽה׃mar·’eh. . .H4758
√ marʼeh — a view (the act of seeing)Nounmasculine singular
marʼeh, "appearance" — the seen beauty of the face. Together with tōʼar it makes Rachel the most explicitly beautiful woman in the Jacob narrative — yet, Ellicott observes, not the mother of the promised Seed.
18

Since Jacob loved Rachel, he answered, “I will serve you seven years for your younger daughter Rachel.”

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

ya·‘ă·qōḇ ’eṯ- way·ye·’ĕ·haḇ rā·ḥêl way·yō·mer ’e·‘ĕ·ḇā·ḏə·ḵā še·ḇa‘ šā·nîm haq·qə·ṭan·nāh bit·tə·ḵā bə·rā·ḥêl

Word by word11 · parsed
יַעֲקֹ֖בya·‘ă·qōḇSince JacobH3290
√ Yaʻăqôb — Jaakob, the Israelitish patriarchNounpropermasculine singular
אֶת־’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
וַיֶּאֱהַ֥בway·ye·’ĕ·haḇlovedH157
√ ʼâhab — to have affection for (sexually or otherwise)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
wayye’ĕhaḇ — "and he loved." This is the first time in Genesis a man's love for a woman precedes the marriage proposal; Barnes contrasts it with Isaac, who "loved Rebekah after she was sought and won."
רָחֵ֑לrā·ḥêlRachelH7354
√ Râchêl — Rachel, a wife of JacobNounproperfeminine singular
וַיֹּ֗אמֶרway·yō·merhe answeredH559
√ ʼâmar — to say (used with great latitude)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
אֶֽעֱבָדְךָ֙’e·‘ĕ·ḇā·ḏə·ḵāI will serveH5647
√ ʻâbad — to work (in any sense)VerbQalImperfectfirst person common singularsecond person masculine singular
’e‘ĕḇāḏĕḵā, "I will serve thee" — seven years of a hired shepherd's drudgery offered as a dowry. The verb governs the entire unit and reappears, doubled, after the deception.
שֶׁ֣בַעše·ḇa‘you sevenH7651
√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Numberfeminine singular
šeḇaʻ (H7651), "seven" — Strong's: "seven, as the sacred full one." Keil: "just as many years as the week has days, that he might bind himself to a complete and sufficient number of years of service."
שָׁנִ֔יםšā·nîmyearsH8141
√ shâneh — a year (as a revolution of time)Nounfeminine plural
הַקְּטַנָּֽה׃haq·qə·ṭan·nāhfor your youngerH6996
√ qâṭân — abbreviated, iArticleAdjectivefeminine singular
haqqĕṭannāh, "the younger / little one" — Jacob is precise about which daughter; the precision is what makes Laban's later substitution a fraud and not a misunderstanding.
בִּתְּךָ֖bit·tə·ḵādaughterH1323
√ bath — a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)Nounfeminine singular constructsecond person masculine singular
בְּרָחֵ֥לbə·rā·ḥêlRachelH7354
√ Râchêl — Rachel, a wife of JacobPreposition-bNounproperfeminine singular
19

Laban replied, “Better that I give her to you than to another. Stay here with me.”

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

lā·ḇān way·yō·mer ṭō·wḇ tit·tî ’ō·ṯāh lāḵ mit·tit·tî ’ō·ṯāh lə·’îš ’a·ḥêr šə·ḇāh ‘im·mā·ḏî

Word by word12 · parsed
לָבָ֗ןlā·ḇānLabanH3837
√ Lâbân — Laban, a MesopotamianNounpropermasculine singular
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרway·yō·merrepliedH559
√ ʼâmar — to say (used with great latitude)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
ט֚וֹבṭō·wḇBetterH2896
√ ṭôwb — good (as an adjective) in the widest senseAdjectivemasculine singular
ṭôwḇ, "good" — Laban grants the preference for kin without binding himself to terms. Cambridge: "it is in the interests of the family his daughter should be married to one of their own kindred."
תִּתִּ֣יtit·tîthat I giveH5414
√ nâthan — to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etcVerbQalInfinitive constructfirst person common singular
tittî, "my giving" — infinitive construct of nâthan, the giving-verb that will be repeated all through vv.24-28 as Laban dispenses daughters and maidservants on his own terms.
אֹתָ֣הּ’ō·ṯāhherH853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object markerthird person feminine singular
לָ֔ךְlāḵto you
Prepositionsecond person feminine singular
מִתִּתִּ֥יmit·tit·tîthanH5414
√ nâthan — to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etcPreposition-mVerbQalInfinitive constructfirst person common singular
אֹתָ֖הּ’ō·ṯāhH853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object markerthird person feminine singular
לְאִ֣ישׁlə·’îšH376
√ ʼîysh — a man as an individual or a male personPreposition-lNounmasculine singular
אַחֵ֑ר’a·ḥêrto anotherH312
√ ʼachêr — properly, hinderAdjectivemasculine singular
’aḥêr (H312), "another" — "another man." The contrast (you, a relative, versus a stranger) is Laban's stated reason; commentators agree it conceals his real motive of cheap, skilled labor.
שְׁבָ֖הšə·ḇāhStay hereH3427
√ yâshab — properly, to sit down (specifically as judgeVerbQalImperativemasculine singularthird person feminine singular
šĕḇāh, "abide / dwell with me" — the hook. The invitation that sounds like family warmth is the snare that secures fourteen years of unpaid service.
עִמָּדִֽי׃‘im·mā·ḏîwith meH5978
√ ʻimmâd — along withPrepositionfirst person common singular
20

So Jacob served seven years for Rachel, yet it seemed but a few days because of his love for her.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

ya·‘ă·qōḇ way·ya·‘ă·ḇōḏ še·ḇa‘ šā·nîm bə·rā·ḥêl way·yih·yū ḇə·‘ê·nāw ’ă·ḥā·ḏîm kə·yā·mîm bə·’a·hă·ḇā·ṯōw ’ō·ṯāh

Word by word11 · parsed
יַעֲקֹ֛בya·‘ă·qōḇSo JacobH3290
√ Yaʻăqôb — Jaakob, the Israelitish patriarchNounpropermasculine singular
וַיַּעֲבֹ֧דway·ya·‘ă·ḇōḏservedH5647
√ ʻâbad — to work (in any sense)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
wayyaʻăḇōḏ (ʻâbad, H5647), "and he served" — the fulfillment of v.18's promise; Pulpit calls it "hard service... in keeping sheep," cross-referencing Genesis 31:40-41 and Hosea 12:12.
שֶׁ֣בַעše·ḇa‘sevenH7651
√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Numberfeminine singular
שָׁנִ֑יםšā·nîmyearsH8141
√ shâneh — a year (as a revolution of time)Nounfeminine plural
בְּרָחֵ֖לbə·rā·ḥêlfor RachelH7354
√ Râchêl — Rachel, a wife of JacobPreposition-bNounproperfeminine singular
וַיִּהְי֤וּway·yih·yūyet it seemedH1961
√ hâyâh — to exist, iConjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine plural
wayyihyû (hâyâh, H1961), "and they became" — the years, grammatically plural, "became" in his eyes like a few days; time itself is the subject the verb transforms.
בְעֵינָיו֙ḇə·‘ê·nāwH5869
√ ʻayin — an eye (literally or figuratively)Preposition-bNouncdcthird person masculine singular
אֲחָדִ֔ים’ă·ḥā·ḏîm[but] a fewH259
√ ʼechâd — properly, united, iNumbermasculine plural
’ăḥāḏîm (from ’echâd, H259, "one, united") — "a few." The same root that gives "one" gives "a few": the years collapsed toward unity in his perception.
כְּיָמִ֣יםkə·yā·mîmdaysH3117
√ yôwm — a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)Preposition-kNounmasculine plural
בְּאַהֲבָת֖וֹbə·’a·hă·ḇā·ṯōwbecause of his loveH160
√ ʼahăbâh — {affection (in a good or a bad sense)}Preposition-bNounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular
bĕ’ahăḇātô, "in his love" — Cambridge: "These simple and touching words are noticeable for their beauty in a narrative which in many of its details is repulsive to our notions of delicacy." The one bright thread in a sordid bargain.
אֹתָֽהּ׃’ō·ṯāhfor herH853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object markerthird person feminine singular
21

Finally Jacob said to Laban, “Grant me my wife, for my time is complete, and I want to sleep with her.”

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

ya·‘ă·qōḇ way·yō·mer ’el- lā·ḇān hā·ḇāh ’eṯ- ’iš·tî kî yā·māy mā·lə·’ū wə·’ā·ḇō·w·’āh ’ê·le·hā

Word by word12 · parsed
יַעֲקֹ֤בya·‘ă·qōḇFinally JacobH3290
√ Yaʻăqôb — Jaakob, the Israelitish patriarchNounpropermasculine singular
וַיֹּ֨אמֶרway·yō·mersaidH559
√ ʼâmar — to say (used with great latitude)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
אֶל־’el-toH413
√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition
לָבָן֙lā·ḇānLabanH3837
√ Lâbân — Laban, a MesopotamianNounpropermasculine singular
הָבָ֣הhā·ḇāhGrantH3051
√ yâhab — to give (whether literal or figurative)VerbQalImperativemasculine singularthird person feminine singular
hāḇāh, "give!" — the cohortative-like imperative of demand. After seven silent years of labor, Jacob finally speaks, and his first word is a claim of contract.
אֶת־’eṯ-meH853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
אִשְׁתִּ֔י’iš·tîmy wifeH802
√ ʼishshâh — a womanNounfeminine singular constructfirst person common singular
’ištî (ʼishshâh, H802), "my wife" — Pulpit: "i.e. my affianced wife, as in Deuteronomy 22:23, 24; Matthew 1:20." Betrothal already constituted her his.
כִּ֥יforH3588
√ kîy — (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below)Conjunction
יָמָ֑יyā·māymy timeH3117
√ yôwm — a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)Nounmasculine plural constructfirst person common singular
yāmāy (yôwm, H3117), "my days" — the days of service; Ellicott: "the appointed time of service is completed."
מָלְא֖וּmā·lə·’ūis completeH4390
√ mâlêʼ — to fill or (intransitively) be full of, in a wide application (literally and figuratively)VerbQalPerfectthird person common plural
mālĕ’û, "are fulfilled" — Qal perfect of mâlêʼ. The same root Laban will turn against him in v.27 ("fulfil the week"); the bargain is governed throughout by the language of filling up what is owed.
וְאָב֖וֹאָהwə·’ā·ḇō·w·’āhand I want to sleep withH935
√ bôwʼ — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive imperfect Cohortativefirst person common singular
אֵלֶֽיהָ׃’ê·le·hāherH413
√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPrepositionthird person feminine singular
22

So Laban invited all the men of that place and prepared a feast.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

way·ye·’ĕ·sōp̄ lā·ḇān ’eṯ- kāl- ’an·šê ham·mā·qō·wm way·ya·‘aś miš·teh

Word by word8 · parsed
וַיֶּאֱסֹ֥ףway·ye·’ĕ·sōp̄H622
√ ʼâçaph — to gather for any purposeConjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
wayye’ĕsōp̄, "and he gathered" — the assembling verb; Laban stages a public wedding precisely to lock the bargain in place before witnesses.
לָבָ֛ןlā·ḇānSo LabanH3837
√ Lâbân — Laban, a MesopotamianNounpropermasculine singular
אֶת־’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
כָּל־kāl-invited allH3605
√ kôl — properly, the wholeNounmasculine singular construct
אַנְשֵׁ֥י’an·šêthe menH582
√ ʼĕnôwsh — a man in general (singly or collectively)Nounmasculine plural construct
הַמָּק֖וֹםham·mā·qō·wmof that placeH4725
√ mâqôwm — properly, a standing, iArticleNounmasculine singular
hammāqôm (H4725), "the place" — the same word recurs in v.26 ("in our place"); the local community whose alleged "custom" Laban will invoke as his excuse.
וַיַּ֥עַשׂway·ya·‘aśand preparedH6213
√ ʻâsâh — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest applicationConjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
wayyaʻaś (ʻâsâh, H6213), "and he made" — the doing/making verb that frames Laban's action and will return as Jacob's accusation in v.25 ("what is this you have done?").
מִשְׁתֶּֽה׃miš·teha feastH4960
√ mishteh — drink, by implication, drinking (the act)Nounmasculine singular
mišteh, "a feast / drinking" — the seven-day wedding banquet (Judges 14:10; Tobit 11:18, per Cambridge and Pulpit), the cover of darkness and wine under which Leah is substituted.
23

But when evening came, Laban took his daughter Leah and gave her to Jacob, and he slept with her.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

way·hî ḇā·‘e·reḇ way·yiq·qaḥ ’eṯ- ḇit·tōw lê·’āh way·yā·ḇê ’ō·ṯāh ’ê·lāw way·yā·ḇō ’ê·le·hā

Word by word11 · parsed
וַיְהִ֣יway·hîBut whenH1961
√ hâyâh — to exist, iConjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
בָעֶ֔רֶבḇā·‘e·reḇevening cameH6153
√ ʻereb — duskPreposition-b, ArticleNounmasculine singular
ḇā‘ereḇ, "in the evening" — the hinge of the deceit. Geneva: "in ancient times the wife was covered with a veil... as a sign of purity and humbleness"; darkness plus veil makes Leah indistinguishable.
וַיִּקַּח֙way·yiq·qaḥLaban tookH3947
√ lâqach — to take (in the widest variety of applications)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
wayyiqqaḥ, "took" — Keil: "instead of Rachel, Laban took his elder daughter Leah into the bride-chamber, and Jacob went in unto her, without discovering in the dark the deception that had been practised."
אֶת־’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
בִתּ֔וֹḇit·tōwhis daughterH1323
√ bath — a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)Nounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular
לֵאָ֣הlê·’āhLeahH3812
√ Lêʼâh — Leah, a wife of JacobNounproperfeminine singular
Leah (H3812) — named at the moment of the swap; the reader knows what Jacob in the dark does not.
וַיָּבֵ֥אway·yā·ḇêand gaveH935
√ bôwʼ — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)Conjunctive wawVerbHifilConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
אֹתָ֖הּ’ō·ṯāhherH853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object markerthird person feminine singular
אֵלָ֑יו’ê·lāwto JacobH413
√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPrepositionthird person masculine singular
וַיָּבֹ֖אway·yā·ḇōand he slept withH935
√ bôwʼ — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
wayyāḇō, "he went in" — the marriage is physically consummated before it is discovered; this is what makes the fraud irreversible and forces the double-marriage that follows.
אֵלֶֽיהָ׃’ê·le·hāherH413
√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPrepositionthird person feminine singular
24

And Laban gave his servant girl Zilpah to his daughter Leah as her maidservant.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

lā·ḇān lāh ’eṯ- way·yit·tên šip̄·ḥā·ṯōw zil·pāh ḇit·tōw lə·lê·’āh šip̄·ḥāh

Word by word9 · parsed
לָבָן֙lā·ḇānAnd LabanH3837
√ Lâbân — Laban, a MesopotamianNounpropermasculine singular
לָ֔הּlāh
Prepositionthird person feminine singular
אֶת־’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
וַיִּתֵּ֤ןway·yit·têngaveH5414
√ nâthan — to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etcConjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
wayyittên, "and he gave" — Keil notes Laban gave "one maid-servant to wait upon her; less, therefore, than Bethuel gave to his daughter" Rebekah (Genesis 24:61); the parsimony is the man.
שִׁפְחָת֑וֹšip̄·ḥā·ṯōwhis servant girlH8198
√ shiphchâh — a female slave (as a member of the household)Nounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular
šip̄ḥātô, "his maidservant" — a bondwoman. Zilpah will later become, through Leah, mother of Gad and Asher (Genesis 30:9-13); the slave given here enters the tribal line.
זִלְפָּ֖הzil·pāhZilpahH2153
√ Zilpâh — Zilpah, Leah's maidNounproperfeminine singular
Zilpah (H2153) — "the Dropping" or "Myrrh-juice" (Pulpit, citing Gesenius, Furst); the Targum of Jonathan makes her Laban's own daughter by a concubine (Gill).
בִתּ֖וֹḇit·tōwto his daughterH1323
√ bath — a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)Nounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular
לְלֵאָ֥הlə·lê·’āhLeahH3812
√ Lêʼâh — Leah, a wife of JacobPreposition-lNounproperfeminine singular
שִׁפְחָֽה׃šip̄·ḥāhas her maidservantH8198
√ shiphchâh — a female slave (as a member of the household)Nounfeminine singular
šip̄ḥāh — repeated to close the verse: "for a maidservant." The doubling underscores her function and status: given, and given as a slave.
25

When morning came, there was Leah! “What have you done to me?” Jacob said to Laban. “Wasn’t it for Rachel that I served you? Why have you deceived me?”

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

ḇab·bō·qer way·hî wə·hin·nêh- hî lê·’āh mah- zōṯ ‘ā·śî·ṯā lî way·yō·mer ’el- lā·ḇān hă·lō ḇə·rā·ḥêl ‘ā·ḇaḏ·tî ‘im·māḵ wə·lām·māh rim·mî·ṯā·nî

Word by word18 · parsed
בַבֹּ֔קֶרḇab·bō·qerWhen morningH1242
√ bôqer — properly, dawn (as the break of day)Preposition-b, ArticleNounmasculine singular
ḇabbōqer (bôqer, H1242), "in the morning" — the dawn that undoes the dusk of v.23; light is the agent of disclosure, as darkness was the agent of fraud.
וַיְהִ֣יway·hîcameH1961
√ hâyâh — to exist, iConjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
וְהִנֵּה־wə·hin·nêh-thereH2009
√ hinnêh — lo!Conjunctive wawInterjection
wĕhinnêh, "and behold" — the narrator's lens snaps to Jacob's point of view. Pulpit: "a clear instance of Divine retribution for the imposition he had practiced on his father" (cf. 2 Samuel 12:10-12).
הִ֖וא. . .H1931
√ hûwʼ — he (she or it)Pronounthird person feminine singular
לֵאָ֑הlê·’āhwas LeahH3812
√ Lêʼâh — Leah, a wife of JacobNounproperfeminine singular
מַה־mah-WhatH4100
√ mâh — properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?)Interrogative
זֹּאת֙zōṯ. . .H2063
√ zôʼth — this (often used adverb)Pronounfeminine singular
עָשִׂ֣יתָ‘ā·śî·ṯāhave you doneH6213
√ ʻâsâh — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest applicationVerbQalPerfectsecond person masculine singular
לִּ֔יto me
Prepositionfirst person common singular
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרway·yō·merJacob saidH559
√ ʼâmar — to say (used with great latitude)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
אֶל־’el-toH413
√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition
לָבָ֗ןlā·ḇānLabanH3837
√ Lâbân — Laban, a MesopotamianNounpropermasculine singular
הֲלֹ֤אhă·lōWasn’tH3808
√ lôʼ — not (the simple or absAdverbNegative particle
בְרָחֵל֙ḇə·rā·ḥêlit for RachelH7354
√ Râchêl — Rachel, a wife of JacobPreposition-bNounproperfeminine singular
עָבַ֣דְתִּי‘ā·ḇaḏ·tîthat I servedH5647
√ ʻâbad — to work (in any sense)VerbQalPerfectfirst person common singular
‘āḇaḏtî (ʻâbad, H5647), "I served" — Jacob's whole grievance in one verb: seven years of service, rendered for Rachel, paid out in Leah.
עִמָּ֔ךְ‘im·māḵyouH5973
√ ʻim — adverb or preposition, with (iPrepositionsecond person feminine singular
וְלָ֖מָּהwə·lām·māhWhyH4100
√ mâh — properly, interrogative what? (including how? why? when?)Conjunctive wawInterrogative
רִמִּיתָֽנִי׃rim·mî·ṯā·nîhave you deceived meH7411
√ râmâh — to hurlVerbPielPerfectsecond person masculine singularfirst person common singular
rimmîtanî, "you have deceived me" — the climactic accusation. Poole: "Jacob could do it, and had just cause to reflect upon his own former action of beguiling his father; for which God had now punished him in the same kind."
26

Laban replied, “It is not our custom here to give the younger daughter in marriage before the older.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

lā·ḇān way·yō·mer lō- yê·‘ā·śeh ḵên bim·qō·w·mê·nū haṣ·ṣə·‘î·rāh lā·ṯêṯ lip̄·nê hab·bə·ḵî·rāh

Word by word10 · parsed
לָבָ֔ןlā·ḇānLabanH3837
√ Lâbân — Laban, a MesopotamianNounpropermasculine singular
וַיֹּ֣אמֶרway·yō·merrepliedH559
√ ʼâmar — to say (used with great latitude)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
לֹא־lō-It is notH3808
√ lôʼ — not (the simple or absAdverbNegative particle
(H3808), "not" — the flat denial that opens Laban's excuse; he never disputes the deception, only justifies it by appeal to local order.
יֵעָשֶׂ֥הyê·‘ā·śehour customH6213
√ ʻâsâh — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest applicationVerbNifalImperfectthird person masculine singular
כֵ֖ןḵên. . .H3651
√ kên — properly, set uprightAdverb
בִּמְקוֹמֵ֑נוּbim·qō·w·mê·nūhereH4725
√ mâqôwm — properly, a standing, iPreposition-bNounmasculine singular constructfirst person common plural
bimqômênû (mâqôm, H4725), "in our place" — the same "place" whose men he gathered in v.22; Laban hides behind communal custom that, the commentators agree, he should have disclosed at the outset.
הַצְּעִירָ֖הhaṣ·ṣə·‘î·rāhto give the younger daughterH6810
√ tsâʻîyr — littleArticleAdjectivefeminine singular
haṣṣĕ‘îrāh, "the younger" — the irony's epicenter: Laban defends the firstborn's right against a man whose entire story is the younger seizing the elder's place.
לָתֵ֥תlā·ṯêṯin marriageH5414
√ nâthan — to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etcPreposition-lVerbQalInfinitive construct
לִפְנֵ֥יlip̄·nêbeforeH6440
√ pânîym — the face (as the part that turns)Preposition-lNouncommon plural construct
הַבְּכִירָֽה׃hab·bə·ḵî·rāhthe olderH1067
√ bᵉkîyrâh — the eldest daughterArticleAdjectivefeminine singular
habbĕḵîrāh, "the firstborn" — JFB: "No plea of kindred should ever be allowed to come in opposition to the claim of justice... fashion or custom rules instead of the will of God."
27

Finish this week’s celebration, and we will give you the younger one in return for another seven years of work.”

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

mal·lê zōṯ šə·ḇu·a‘ gam- ’eṯ- wə·nit·tə·nāh lə·ḵā zōṯ ’ă·šer ta·‘ă·ḇōḏ ‘ō·wḏ ’ă·ḥê·rō·wṯ še·ḇa‘- šā·nîm ‘im·mā·ḏî ba·‘ă·ḇō·ḏāh

Word by word16 · parsed
מַלֵּ֖אmal·lêFinishH4390
√ mâlêʼ — to fill or (intransitively) be full of, in a wide application (literally and figuratively)VerbPielImperativemasculine singular
mallê, "fulfill / fill up" — the imperative that snares Jacob a second time; Keil: "let Leah's marriage-week pass over... two wives in eight days."
זֹ֑אתzōṯthisH2063
√ zôʼth — this (often used adverb)Pronounfeminine singular
שְׁבֻ֣עַšə·ḇu·a‘week’s celebrationH7620
√ shâbûwaʻ — literally, sevened, iNounmasculine singular construct
šĕḇuaʻ, "week" — the seven-day feast (Judges 14:12; cf. Job 11:19). Benson: Laban desired "that by a week's cohabitation with Leah, his affections might be knit to her."
גַּם־gam-. . .H1571
√ gam — properly, assemblageConjunction
אֶת־’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
וְנִתְּנָ֨הwə·nit·tə·nāhand we will giveH5414
√ nâthan — to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etcConjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive imperfect Cohortativefirst person common plural
לְךָ֜lə·ḵāyou
Prepositionsecond person masculine singular
זֹ֗אתzōṯthe younger oneH2063
√ zôʼth — this (often used adverb)Pronounfeminine singular
אֲשֶׁ֣ר’ă·šerH834
√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative
תַּעֲבֹ֣דta·‘ă·ḇōḏin return forH5647
√ ʻâbad — to work (in any sense)VerbQalImperfectsecond person masculine singular
taʻăḇōḏ (ʻâbad, H5647), "you shall serve" — the price doubles. Gill: "which shows the avaricious temper of the man."
ע֖וֹד‘ō·wḏvvvH5750
√ ʻôwd — properly, iteration or continuanceAdverb
אֲחֵרֽוֹת׃’ă·ḥê·rō·wṯanotherH312
√ ʼachêr — properly, hinderAdjectivefeminine plural
שֶֽׁבַע־še·ḇa‘-sevenH7651
√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Numberfeminine singular
שָׁנִ֥יםšā·nîmyearsH8141
√ shâneh — a year (as a revolution of time)Nounfeminine plural
עִמָּדִ֔י‘im·mā·ḏîH5978
√ ʻimmâd — along withPrepositionfirst person common singular
בַּעֲבֹדָה֙ba·‘ă·ḇō·ḏāhof workH5656
√ ʻăbôdâh — work of any kindPreposition-bNounfeminine singular
baʻăḇōḏāh (ʻăbôdâh, H5656), "for the service / work" — the noun of labor; seven more years are demanded for the wife Jacob already earned, the second fraud built atop the first.
28

And Jacob did just that. He finished the week’s celebration, and Laban gave him his daughter Rachel as his wife.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

ya·‘ă·qōḇ way·ya·‘aś kên way·mal·lê šə·ḇu·a‘ zōṯ way·yit·ten- lōw ’eṯ- bit·tōw lōw rā·ḥêl lə·’iš·šāh

Word by word13 · parsed
יַעֲקֹב֙ya·‘ă·qōḇAnd JacobH3290
√ Yaʻăqôb — Jaakob, the Israelitish patriarchNounpropermasculine singular
וַיַּ֤עַשׂway·ya·‘aśdidH6213
√ ʻâsâh — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest applicationConjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
wayyaʻaś, "and he did" — Jacob's compliance; he neither repudiates Leah nor abandons Rachel but accepts the doubled yoke.
כֵּ֔ןkênjust thatH3651
√ kên — properly, set uprightAdverb
וַיְמַלֵּ֖אway·mal·lêHe finishedH4390
√ mâlêʼ — to fill or (intransitively) be full of, in a wide application (literally and figuratively)Conjunctive wawVerbPielConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
waymallê, "he fulfilled" — the week completed; the language of filling-up that began with Jacob's claim (v.21) closes the bargain on Laban's terms.
שְׁבֻ֣עַšə·ḇu·a‘the week’s celebrationH7620
√ shâbûwaʻ — literally, sevened, iNounmasculine singular construct
זֹ֑אתzōṯ. . .H2063
√ zôʼth — this (often used adverb)Pronounfeminine singular
וַיִּתֶּן־way·yit·ten-and Laban gaveH5414
√ nâthan — to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etcConjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
wayyitten (nâthan, H5414), "and he gave" — at last the giving Laban evaded in v.19; JFB: "the marriage of both sisters took place nearly about the same time."
ל֛וֹlōw. . .
Prepositionthird person masculine singular
אֶת־’eṯ-himH853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
בִּתּ֖וֹbit·tōwhis daughterH1323
√ bath — a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)Nounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular
ל֥וֹlōw
Prepositionthird person masculine singular
רָחֵ֥לrā·ḥêlRachelH7354
√ Râchêl — Rachel, a wife of JacobNounproperfeminine singular
לְאִשָּֽׁה׃lə·’iš·šāhas his wifeH802
√ ʼishshâh — a womanPreposition-lNounfeminine singular
lĕ’iššāh, "as a wife" — the legal grant. Keil weighs the bigamy soberly: not to be judged by a Mosaic law not yet given, yet "not to be justified," becoming "a true school of affliction to Jacob."
29

Laban also gave his servant girl Bilhah to his daughter Rachel as her maidservant.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

lā·ḇān way·yit·tên šip̄·ḥā·ṯōw bil·hāh bit·tōw ’eṯ- lə·rā·ḥêl lāh lə·šip̄·ḥāh

Word by word9 · parsed
לָבָן֙lā·ḇānLaban alsoH3837
√ Lâbân — Laban, a MesopotamianNounpropermasculine singular
וַיִּתֵּ֤ןway·yit·têngaveH5414
√ nâthan — to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etcConjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
wayyittên (nâthan, H5414), "and he gave" — the giving-verb once more; Laban's only generosity is in slaves, and even then one apiece (Keil).
שִׁפְחָת֑וֹšip̄·ḥā·ṯōwhis servant girlH8198
√ shiphchâh — a female slave (as a member of the household)Nounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular
בִּלְהָ֖הbil·hāhBilhahH1090
√ Bilhâh — Bilhah, the name of one of Jacob's concubinesNounproperfeminine singular
šip̄ḥātô, "his maidservant" — Bilhah, given to Rachel as Zilpah to Leah. JFB: "A father in good circumstances still gives his daughter from his household a female slave, over whom the young wife... has the absolute control."
בִּתּ֔וֹbit·tōwto his daughterH1323
√ bath — a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)Nounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular
Bilhah (H1090) — future mother of Dan and Naphtali. The slave-women given here are not narrative filler; they complete the household from which Israel will be born.
אֶת־’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
לְרָחֵ֣לlə·rā·ḥêlRachelH7354
√ Râchêl — Rachel, a wife of JacobPreposition-lNounproperfeminine singular
לָ֖הּlāhas her
Prepositionthird person feminine singular
לְשִׁפְחָֽה׃lə·šip̄·ḥāhmaidservantH8198
√ shiphchâh — a female slave (as a member of the household)Preposition-lNounfeminine singular
lĕšip̄ḥāh, "as a maidservant" — the formulaic close, matching v.24 precisely; the symmetry quietly prepares the rivalry of the next chapter, where both maids become surrogate mothers.
30

Jacob slept with Rachel as well, and indeed, he loved Rachel more than Leah. So he worked for Laban another seven years.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

way·yā·ḇō ’el- rā·ḥêl gam gam- ’eṯ- way·ye·’ĕ·haḇ rā·ḥêl mil·lê·’āh way·ya·‘ă·ḇōḏ ‘im·mōw ‘ō·wḏ ’ă·ḥê·rō·wṯ še·ḇa‘- šā·nîm

Word by word15 · parsed
וַיָּבֹא֙way·yā·ḇōJacob slept withH935
√ bôwʼ — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
wayyāḇō (bôwʼ, H935), "and he went in" — the consummation with Rachel, a week after Leah; the longed-for marriage of v.21 finally realized.
אֶל־’el-. . .H413
√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition
רָחֵ֔לrā·ḥêlRachelH7354
√ Râchêl — Rachel, a wife of JacobNounproperfeminine singular
גַּ֣םgamas wellH1571
√ gam — properly, assemblageConjunction
גַּֽם־gam-and indeedH1571
√ gam — properly, assemblageConjunction
אֶת־’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
וַיֶּאֱהַ֥בway·ye·’ĕ·haḇhe lovedH157
√ ʼâhab — to have affection for (sexually or otherwise)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
wayye’ĕhaḇ, "and he loved" — Rachel "more than Leah," yet the very next verse (29:31, outside this unit) turns on the LORD seeing that Leah was "hated"/unloved and opening her womb. The preference recorded here sets the engine of the tribal births in motion.
רָחֵ֖לrā·ḥêlRachelH7354
√ Râchêl — Rachel, a wife of JacobNounproperfeminine singular
מִלֵּאָ֑הmil·lê·’āhmore than LeahH3812
√ Lêʼâh — Leah, a wife of JacobPreposition-mNounproperfeminine singular
mil-Lē’āh, "more than Leah" — the comparative that will define the household's grief and grace: the unloved wife becomes the more fruitful, the loved wife long barren.
וַיַּעֲבֹ֣דway·ya·‘ă·ḇōḏSo he workedH5647
√ ʻâbad — to work (in any sense)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
wayyaʻăḇōḏ, "so he served" — the final ʻâbad. Fourteen years total; Hosea 12:12 will memorialize it: "Israel served for a wife, and for a wife he kept sheep."
עִמּ֔וֹ‘im·mōwforH5973
√ ʻim — adverb or preposition, with (iPrepositionthird person masculine singular
ע֖וֹד‘ō·wḏLabanH5750
√ ʻôwd — properly, iteration or continuanceAdverb
אֲחֵרֽוֹת׃’ă·ḥê·rō·wṯanotherH312
√ ʼachêr — properly, hinderAdjectivefeminine plural
שֶֽׁבַע־še·ḇa‘-sevenH7651
√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Numberfeminine singular
שָׁנִ֥יםšā·nîmyearsH8141
√ shâneh — a year (as a revolution of time)Nounfeminine plural

The verse-by-verse work is done. What follows gathers the whole unit. All three layers below are machine-generated (⚙). Weigh them; they have no authority.

Grand Commentary — the unit, read whole

synthesis · verify

AI synthesis — woven from the public-domain voices above and the original text; generated and fallible.

i. Bone of my bone — the kinsman welcomed — 29:14

Laban's first words to Jacob are a covenant formula older than the patriarchs: ʼaḵ ʻatsmî ū-ḇĕśārî ʼāttāh — “surely my bone and my flesh art thou.” Barnes traces the idiom directly to its source: “this is a description of kinsmanship probably derived from the formation of the woman out of the man Genesis 2:23” — the same words Adam spoke over Eve, and later all Israel over David (2 Samuel 5:1). Keil & Delitzsch note that with this acknowledgment Laban “thereby eo ipso ensured him an abode in his house.” The welcome is genuine warmth; it is also, the chapter will reveal, the doorway through which a colder calculation enters. The probationary “month of days” (so Ellicott: “a full month”) is the customary trial of a stranger who lingers, after which, per Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, “he must set his hand to work.”

ii. Wages for a brother — Laban's measured generosity — 29:15–20

“Should you work for nothing?” sounds like fairness; Keil & Delitzsch hear something else: “Laban's selfishness comes out here under the appearance of justice and kindness. To preclude all claim on the part of his sister's son to gratitude or affection... he proposes to pay him like an ordinary servant.” Benson draws the moral wider — kin should be governed “by justice and equity,” not by the assumption of free service. Against this transactional frame the text sets Jacob's love. He names his wage: seven years' ʻăḇōḏâh for Rachel “the little one.” Barnes marks the contrast with the previous generation: “Isaac loved Rebekah after she was sought and won as a bride for him. Jacob loves Rachel before he makes a proposal of marriage.” And the famous line of v.20 — the seven years “seemed unto him but a few days, for the love he had to her” — draws from Cambridge a rare aesthetic confession: “these simple and touching words are noticeable for their beauty in a narrative which in many of its details is repulsive to our notions of delicacy.” Benson lifts it to allegory: “an age of work will seem but a few days to those that love God, and long for Christ’s appearance.”

iii. The veiled bride — darkness, deceit, and dawn — 29:21–25

Jacob's claim is blunt and lawful: hāḇāh ʼištî, “give me my wife, for my days are fulfilled” (mālĕʼû). Pulpit defends the purity of the demand — “my affianced wife... a proof that Jacob's love was pure and true.” Then comes the fraud, made possible by evening (ʻereb), wine (mišteh), and veil. Geneva explains the mechanism: “the wife was covered with a veil... as a sign of purity and humbleness,” and so Leah passes for Rachel in the dark. The morning's wĕhinnêh hî Lēʼāh — “behold, it was Leah!” — is one of Scripture's great reversals, and the commentators speak almost with one voice about what it means. Keil & Delitzsch: “thus the overreacher of Esau was overreached himself, and sin was punished by sin.” Poole: Jacob “had just cause to reflect upon his own former action of beguiling his father; for which God had now punished him in the same kind.” Gill: “he beguiled his own father, pretending he was his brother Esau; and now his father-in-law beguiles him.” Matthew Henry states the providential verdict most plainly: “Jacob, who had imposed upon his father, is imposed upon by Laban, his father-in-law, by a like deception. Herein, how unrighteous soever Laban was, the Lord was righteous.” The synthesis below weighs how far this “measure for measure” is text and how far it is the interpreters' inference; Cambridge is careful that the Hebrew verb for “beguiled” (rimmâh) is “a different word... from that in Genesis 3:13.”

iv. Custom as cloak — the firstborn's right invoked — 29:26–27

Laban's defense — “it is not done so in our place, to give the younger (tsĕʻîrāh) before the firstborn (bĕḵîrāh)” — is, the tradition agrees, a pretext. Keil & Delitzsch: “a perfectly worthless excuse; for if this had really been the custom in Haran... he ought to have told Jacob of it before.” Geneva reads the heart: “he valued the profit he had from Jacob's service more than either his promise or the customs of the country, though he used custom for his excuse.” Jamieson, Fausset & Brown name the principle violated: “no plea of kindred should ever be allowed to come in opposition to the claim of justice... custom rules instead of the will of God.” The deepest irony, which the Hebrew word bĕḵîrāh exposes, is that Laban now enforces the sacred precedence of the firstborn against the one man whose whole life had been the supplanting of a firstborn (Genesis 25:31–34; 27:36). Benson tallies the cost: Laban schemes “to get seven years’ service more out of Jacob,” snaring him into a divided house.

v. Two wives in eight days — the school of affliction begins — 29:28–30

Jacob “did so” — wayyaʻaś kēn, the narrator's quiet answer to Laban's “it is not done so.” He fulfills the week and receives Rachel; Keil & Delitzsch: “two wives in eight days,” each with a slave-woman, “less... than Bethuel gave to his daughter.” On the bigamy the voices are sober and unanimous in refusing easy judgment. Jamieson, Fausset & Brown: “such a connection was then allowed, though afterwards prohibited (Lev 18:18).” Keil & Delitzsch weigh it most fully: it “must not be judged directly by the Mosaic law... since there was no positive law on the point in existence then,” yet neither “is it to be justified,” for it “became in its results a true school of affliction to Jacob.” The unit closes on the unequal love — Rachel “more than Leah” — which Barnes insists “proves that even Leah was not unloved,” and which Pulpit ties to “the second fraud practiced upon Jacob.” Fourteen years of service; a house of rivalry; and, hidden in the weary-eyed elder sister, the line of Judah and of the Messiah (Ellicott on v.17).

Read under Sola Scriptura — this tool’s own fallible reading (⚙)

Read under Sola Scriptura, Genesis 29 is the chapter where Jacob's own gospel-shadowed story turns back on him. The man who wore his brother's clothes and stole the firstborn's blessing by exploiting a blind father in the dark now stands in the dark himself, exploited, embracing the wrong bride. The text never editorializes — it simply lays waýhî ḇabbōqer wĕhinnêh hî Lēʼāh, “and it came to pass in the morning, behold, it was Leah,” beside the memory of Isaac's “the voice is Jacob's voice, but the hands are the hands of Esau.” The reader is left to make the connection the narrator declines to assert, and the whole Reformed and patristic tradition has made it: the deceiver is deceived; the LORD is righteous — a judgment the commentators draw (Matthew Henry: “how unrighteous soever Laban was, the Lord was righteous”), not one the verse itself states. Yet I would press the harder, kinder note that the chapter also quietly insists upon. God does not abandon the schemer to his schemes. Out of Laban's greed and Jacob's divided love and Leah's grief, He is assembling the twelve sons of Israel — and He chooses the unwanted wife, not the beautiful one, to carry the royal and Messianic line. The same providence that chastens Jacob through deception also fulfills the promise through it. The word that governs the whole passage is mālêʼ, “to fill, to fulfill”: Jacob's days are fulfilled, the week must be fulfilled, the years are served out to the full — and behind every human “filling up” of a hard bargain, an unseen hand is filling up a far older covenant. This is my fallible reading, offered to be tested against the Word.

The deceiver wakes in the dark to find he has embraced the wrong bride — and the God he has not yet learned to trust is already filling up the promise through the very wound. (an interpretive line, not Scripture)

Canonical Threads — out to the whole of Scripture

cross-refs · verify

AI-generated connections. Each carries a verification badge with a recorded basis; contested links are flagged.

“My bone and my flesh” — the kinship formula of Eden structural / thematic — confirmed

Laban's greeting in v.14 (ʻatsmî ū-ḇĕśārî, “my bone and my flesh”) is the same covenant-of-kinship formula Adam first spoke over Eve: “this is now bone of my bone and flesh of my flesh” (Genesis 2:23). It recurs across the canon as the standard idiom of shared blood — the men of Shechem to Abimelech (Judges 9:2), and all Israel to David at his coronation (2 Samuel 5:1). Keil & Delitzsch cite Genesis 2:23 and Judges 9:2 directly on this verse; Barnes traces it to the “formation of the woman out of the man.” The Verifier confirms Genesis 29:14 shares the exact lexemes H6106 (ʻetsem, bone) and H1320 (bāśār, flesh) with all three — a genuine verbal tie, but both words are common (bone in 108 verses, flesh in 241), so what binds them is the shared formula, not a rare quotation.

Genesis 2:23 · Judges 9:2 · 2 Samuel 5:1

basis: shared lexemes H6106 ʻetsem (bone, 108 vv) + H1320 bāśār (flesh, 241 vv) — the recurring kinship formula; not a rare-word quotation, so tiered structural rather than verbal. Verifier-confirmed for Gen 29:14 ↔ Gen 2:23, Judges 9:2, and 2 Samuel 5:1 (all three share both lexemes).

Israel served for a wife — Hosea's retelling structural / thematic — confirmed

Hosea 12:12 looks straight back at this chapter: “Jacob fled to the land of Aram; Israel served for a wife, and for a wife he kept sheep.” Cambridge (on v.18) and the Pulpit Commentary (on v.20, v.30) both cross-reference Hosea 12:12 as the prophetic memorial of Jacob's bride-service. The Verifier confirms shared lexemes H5647 (ʻâbad, served) and H3290 (Yaʻăqôb, Jacob) — the serving-verb that drums through Genesis 29 (vv.15, 18, 20, 25, 27, 30) is the very word Hosea uses. HONEST CAVEAT: both shared words are common (ʻâbad in 262 verses, the name Jacob in 319), so this is not a rare-word quotation. Hosea allusively retells the patriarch's bride-labor rather than citing a phrase from it; we therefore tier it structural/thematic, not verbal.

Hosea 12:12

basis: shared lexemes H5647 ʻâbad (served, 262 vv) + H3290 Yaʻăqôb (319 vv) — both common, so no rare-word quotation; Hosea 12:12 is an allusive prophetic retelling of the bride-service, not a phrase-citation. DOWNGRADED from verbal to structural per Verifier (Gen 29:20/29:25 ↔ Hosea 12:12 returns no rare lexeme).

The deceiver deceived — measure for measure (argued, not asserted) structural / thematic — confirmed

Jacob took the firstborn's blessing from his blind father by impersonation (Genesis 27); now, blind in the dark, he receives the wrong daughter and cries lāmmâh rimmîtānî, “why have you deceived me?” (v.25). Keil & Delitzsch, Poole, Gill, Henry, and the Pulpit Commentary all read this as divine retribution — “the overreacher of Esau was overreached himself.” HONEST CAVEAT: the Verifier finds NO shared original-language lexeme between Genesis 29:25 and Genesis 27:35 — the Hebrew uses rāmâh (29:25) but mirmâh (27:35), and Cambridge expressly notes “a different word in the Hebrew.” So this is a thematic/structural parallel argued by the commentators, not a verbal quotation. We tier it structural and flag the basis accordingly.

Genesis 27:18-27 · Genesis 27:35-36

basis: NO shared lexeme (rāmâh in 29:25 vs. mirmâh in 27:35; Verifier returns empty). The 'deceiver deceived' tie is a thematic/structural reading argued unanimously by Keil, Poole, Gill, Henry, Pulpit — recorded as their interpretive basis, not asserted as a word-link.

Younger before the firstborn — the inverted oracle structural / thematic — confirmed

Laban refuses “to give the younger (tsĕʻîrāh) before the firstborn (bĕḵîrāh)” (v.26) — invoking the very precedence of the firstborn that Jacob's own birth-oracle had overturned: “the elder shall serve the younger” (Genesis 25:23). The Verifier confirms Genesis 29:26 and Genesis 25:23 share the lexeme H6810 (tsâʻîyr, younger). The irony is structural: the man who supplanted a firstborn is now bound by a firstborn's right.

Genesis 25:23 · Genesis 25:31-34

basis: shared lexeme H6810 tsâʻîyr (younger/little, 23 vv) — the younger-vs-firstborn motif; Verifier-confirmed for Gen 29:26 ↔ Gen 25:23. Tiered structural: shared motif-word, not a quotation.

Loving one over another — the pattern repeats structural / thematic — confirmed

Jacob “loved Rachel” (v.18, ʼâhab) and loved her “more than Leah” (v.30) — the same divided-love language Genesis used of his own parents: “Isaac loved (ʼâhab) Esau... but Rebekah loved Jacob” (Genesis 25:28). Barnes draws the comparison directly. The Verifier confirms Genesis 29:18 and Genesis 25:28 share H157 (ʼâhab, love) and H3290 (Yaʻăqôb). The favoritism that tore Isaac's household now structures Jacob's — and will tear it again over Joseph.

Genesis 25:28 · Genesis 37:3-4

basis: shared lexemes H157 ʼâhab (love) + H3290 Yaʻăqôb; Verifier-confirmed for Gen 29:18 ↔ Gen 25:28. The parental-favoritism pattern recurs — structural/thematic, not a quotation.

Leah and Rachel — builders of the house of Israel structural / thematic — confirmed

The two sisters named in vv.16–17 and married in vv.23–30 become, in the very next verse and beyond, the matriarchs of the twelve tribes. The Verifier's own candidate list ties this unit to Genesis 29:31 (the LORD opening Leah's womb), 30:9–12, 33:1–2, and 35:26 — all sharing the proper-name lexemes H3812 (Lēʼâh) and H7354 (Rāchêl). Ruth 4:11 will later bless a bride to be “like Rachel and Leah, who together built up the house of Israel.” UNDER-CLAIM NOTE: the Verifier actually scores Gen 29:16 ↔ Ruth 4:11 as verbal (it shares both names plus “two” and “name”), but two shared proper nouns in a blessing that invokes the matriarchs by name is the same-persons marker of a connected story, not a quotation of any Genesis phrase — so we deliberately downgrade to structural rather than accept the raw label.

Genesis 29:31 · Genesis 35:23-26 · Ruth 4:11

basis: shared proper-name lexemes H3812 Lēʼāh (32 vv) + H7354 Rāchêl (44 vv) across the Jacob cycle (Verifier candidates Gen 29:31, 30:9-12, 33:1-2, 35:26; Ruth 4:11 adds the same two names). Shared proper nouns in connected narrative are structural, not a verbal quotation, despite their moderate rarity — we under-claim against the Verifier's raw 'verbal' score for Ruth 4:11 on principle.

Christ in the Unittypology · verify

AI-generated reading; weigh it against the text.

The bridegroom who serves for his bride widely-held

Jacob's seven years that “seemed but a few days, for the love he had to her” (v.20) have been read across the church as a figure of Christ, the Bridegroom who labors and waits for his Bride the Church (Ephesians 5:25–32; Revelation 19:7). Benson makes the move himself within the commentary: “an age of work will seem but a few days to those that love God, and long for Christ’s appearance.” This is a figural/typological reading, NOT a verbal link — there is no shared lexeme, and a Hebrew–Greek tie could not carry one. It is offered as the patristic-and-Reformed habit of seeing Christ in the patient, costly love of the bridegroom, to be tested by the reader.

Ephesians 5:25-32 · Revelation 19:7-9

The unwanted wife and the Messianic line widely-held

It is not the beautiful, beloved Rachel but the weary-eyed, less-loved Leah who becomes the mother of Judah — and so of David and of Christ (Genesis 29:35; Matthew 1:2–3; Hebrews 7:14). Ellicott states it on v.17: “it was not Rachel... that was the mother of the progenitor of the Messiah, but the weary-eyed Leah.” The pattern — God choosing the despised and overlooked to carry the promise — runs straight to the gospel's logic of grace (1 Corinthians 1:27–29). This is a typological/redemptive-historical reading grounded in the genealogy, not a verbal cross-Testament link (Hebrew–Greek ties cannot share Strong's numbers).

Genesis 29:35 · Matthew 1:2-3 · 1 Corinthians 1:27-29

Apparatus & Provenance

The biblical text is the Berean Standard Bible (BSB), public domain (CC0). Hebrew/Greek text, transliteration, morphology and Strong’s are transcribed from the Berean interlinear (CC0) + Strong’s lexicons (PD); the literal renderings, divergence notes, word notes and all synthesis are this tool’s own work (⚙) — fallible; verify them.

Named voices, quoted verbatim from public-domain works:

  • Albert Barnes, Notes on the Bible (1834)
  • Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges, (1880s)
  • Charles Ellicott, Commentary for English Readers (1878)
  • Geneva Study Bible, Marginal Notes (1599)
  • Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory (1871)
  • John Gill, Exposition of the Entire Bible (1746–63)
  • Joseph Benson, Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1810s)
  • Keil & Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament (1860s)
  • Matthew Henry, Concise Commentary on the Whole Bible (1706)
  • Matthew Poole, Annotations upon the Holy Bible (1685)
  • The Pulpit Commentary, Spence & Exell, eds. (1880s)

This unit is narrative Hebrew with no New Testament quotation embedded in the base verses, so no NT-provenance flag arises from the text itself; the standing Joshua 1:5 → Hebrews 13:5 rule does not apply here. The threads were built on the Verifier's computed shared-lexeme bases. Three honesty points govern this unit. First, the celebrated “deceiver deceived” parallel (Genesis 29:25 ↔ Genesis 27:35) has NO shared original-language lexeme — the Hebrew uses rāmâh here but mirmâh in chapter 27, a fact Cambridge flags expressly — so it is tiered structural/thematic and presented as the commentators' argued reading, never as a word-for-word quotation. Second, the Hosea 12:12 link was downgraded from verbal to structural: the only shared lexemes are the common serving-verb ʻâbad (262 verses) and the name Yaʻăqôb (319 verses), so although Hosea unmistakably alludes to this episode, it does so by allusive retelling, not by quoting a rare phrase — and a common shared verb is not the “rare lexeme or explicit citation” a verbal tier requires. Third, several Verifier candidates (and our Leah/Rachel thread) rest on shared proper names; although the Verifier scores names like Lēʼāh and Rāchêl as moderately rare — and in fact labels Gen 29:16 ↔ Ruth 4:11 as verbal on the strength of the two shared names — shared proper nouns within one connected narrative cycle are a structural marker of the same persons, not evidence of citation, and have been tiered accordingly (we deliberately under-claim against that raw Ruth-4:11 label). Both Christ readings are cross-Testament (Hebrew base ↔ Greek targets): by rule they cannot use shared Strong's numbers and are therefore offered as typological/figural, marked widely-held, not verbal. The name-meanings cited in the per-verse notes (Leah “wearied,” Rachel “ewe,” Zilpah, Bilhah) are the commentators' lexical glosses (Gesenius, Furst, via Gill, Pulpit, Cambridge), recorded as such and not as settled etymologies — Cambridge itself calls the meaning of “Leah” “uncertain.”

= human, public-domain source, quoted and named. = machine synthesis, to be verified. Flagged cross-references are left visible on purpose — the verifier working in the open. “Search the Scriptures daily, whether those things were so.” (Acts 17:11)