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Genesis35:27–29

The Death of Isaac

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Genesis 35:27–29 — The Death of Isaac. Each verse below carries the full apparatus: the Berean Standard Bible, the vocalized original (tap any word), and a parsed breakdown of every term transcribed from the interlinear. Synthesized commentary, canonical threads, and the reading of Christ gather at the end, over the whole unit.

27

Jacob returned to his father Isaac at Mamre, near Kiriath-arba (that is, Hebron), where Abraham and Isaac had stayed.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

ya·‘ă·qōḇ way·yā·ḇō ’el- ’ā·ḇîw yiṣ·ḥāq mam·rê qir·yaṯ hā·’ar·ba‘ hî ḥeḇ·rō·wn ’ă·šer- ’aḇ·rā·hām wə·yiṣ·ḥāq gār- šām

Word by word15 · parsed
יַעֲקֹב֙ya·‘ă·qōḇJacobH3290
√ Yaʻăqôb — Jaakob, the Israelitish patriarchNounpropermasculine singular
ya·‘ă·qōḇ (H3290), "Jacob" — the heel-grasper now arrives, after Bethel, Mamre, and the burials of Deborah and Rachel, to close the circle at his father's house.
וַיָּבֹ֤אway·yā·ḇōreturnedH935
√ bôwʼ — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
way·yā·ḇō (H935) — the consecutive imperfect drives the narrative to its quiet hinge: the wandering son finally comes home to the dying father.
אֶל־’el-toH413
√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition
אָבִ֔יו’ā·ḇîwhis fatherH1
√ ʼâb — father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote applicationNounmasculine singular constructthird person masculine singular
ʼā·ḇîw (H1, ʼâb) — "his father." The relational word is foregrounded; Rebekah, last seen sending Jacob away (Gen. 27:43-45), is never mentioned. Gill infers, "No mention being made of his mother, it is very probable she was dead."
יִצְחָ֣קyiṣ·ḥāqIsaacH3327
√ Yitschâq — Jitschak (or Isaac), son of AbrahamNounpropermasculine singular
מַמְרֵ֖אmam·rêat MamreH4471
√ Mamrêʼ — Mamre, an AmoriteNounproperfeminine singular
mam·rê (H4471), "Mamre" — the terebinth-grove named for Abraham's Amorite confederate (Gen. 14:13), the third great station of Abraham's pilgrimage; a rare place-name (10 verses) that binds this death-scene to the whole patriarchal story.
קִרְיַ֣תqir·yaṯvvvH7153
√ Qiryath ʼArbaʻ — Kirjath-Arba or Kirjath-ha-Arba, a place in Palestine
הָֽאַרְבַּ֑עhā·’ar·ba‘near Kiriath-arbaH7153
√ Qiryath ʼArbaʻ — Kirjath-Arba or Kirjath-ha-Arba, a place in PalestineNounproperfeminine singular
hā·ʼar·ba‘ (H7153) — "the Four," the older name of Hebron, occurring in only nine verses. The same rare lexeme links this verse verbally to Sarah's burial (Gen. 23:2) and to Caleb's conquest (Josh. 14:15).
הִ֣ואhî(that isH1931
√ hûwʼ — he (she or it)Pronounthird person feminine singular
חֶבְר֔וֹןḥeḇ·rō·wnHebron)H2275
√ Chebrôwn — Chebron, a place in Palestine, also the name of two IsraelitesNounproperfeminine singular
ḥeḇ·rō·wn (H2275), "Hebron" — from a root meaning "association, fellowship"; the town of the patriarchs' graves, set 3,000 feet up in the Judean hills, where the bones of the covenant are gathered.
אֲשֶׁר־’ă·šer-whereH834
√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative
אַבְרָהָ֖ם’aḇ·rā·hāmAbrahamH85
√ ʼAbrâhâm — Abraham, the later name of AbramNounpropermasculine singular
וְיִצְחָֽק׃wə·yiṣ·ḥāqand IsaacH3327
√ Yitschâq — Jitschak (or Isaac), son of AbrahamConjunctive wawNounpropermasculine singular
גָּֽר־gār-had stayedH1481
√ gûwr — properly, to turn aside from the road (for a lodging or any other purpose), iVerbQalPerfectthird person masculine singular
gār (H1481), "sojourned" — a Qal perfect summing up two lifetimes: Abraham and Isaac lived their whole tenure at Hebron as resident aliens, owning only the cave they were buried in (Gen. 23).
שָׁ֥םšām. . .H8033
√ shâm — there (transferring to time) thenAdverb
28

And Isaac lived 180 years.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

yiṣ·ḥāq way·yih·yū yə·mê mə·’aṯ ū·šə·mō·nîm šā·nāh šā·nāh

Word by word7 · parsed
יִצְחָ֑קyiṣ·ḥāqAnd IsaacH3327
√ Yitschâq — Jitschak (or Isaac), son of AbrahamNounpropermasculine singular
yiṣ·ḥāq (H3327), "Isaac" — "he laughs," the child of promise and laughter (Gen. 21:6); his name fronts the death-notice, as it has fronted his whole quiet life.
וַיִּֽהְי֖וּway·yih·yūlivedH1961
√ hâyâh — to exist, iConjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine plural
way·yih·yū (H1961, hâyâh) — "and were"; the plural verb agrees with the plural "days," the Hebrew way of saying a life amounts to its sum of days.
יְמֵ֣יyə·mê. . .H3117
√ yôwm — a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)Nounmasculine plural construct
yə·mê (H3117, yôwm), "the days of" — the construct that frames a lifespan; the same word will be "full of days" in v.29, so the verse measures what the next verse declares satisfied.
מְאַ֥תmə·’aṯ180H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfeminine singular construct
mə·ʼaṯ (H3967, mêʼâh), "a hundred" — the longest recorded patriarchal life: 180 years, five beyond Abraham's 175. Ellicott uses it to date the chronology: Jacob was then 120, and Joseph had already been sold some twelve years before.
וּשְׁמֹנִ֥יםū·šə·mō·nîm. . .H8084
√ shᵉmônîym — eighty, also eightiethConjunctive wawNumbercommon plural
שָׁנָֽה׃šā·nāh. . .H8141
√ shâneh — a year (as a revolution of time)Nounfeminine singular
שָׁנָ֖הšā·nāhyearsH8141
√ shâneh — a year (as a revolution of time)Nounfeminine singular
šā·nāh (H8141), "year" — the noun, from a root for "a revolution of time," recurs to round out the number; Isaac's tranquil span is told in a single, unadorned line.
29

Then he breathed his last and died and was gathered to his people, old and full of years. And his sons Esau and Jacob buried him.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

yiṣ·ḥāq way·yiḡ·wa‘ way·yā·māṯ way·yê·’ā·sep̄ ’el- ‘am·māw zā·qên ū·śə·ḇa‘ yā·mîm bā·nāw ‘ê·śāw wə·ya·‘ă·qōḇ way·yiq·bə·rū ’ō·ṯōw

Word by word14 · parsed
יִצְחָ֤קyiṣ·ḥāqThen [he]H3327
√ Yitschâq — Jitschak (or Isaac), son of AbrahamNounpropermasculine singular
וַיִּגְוַ֨עway·yiḡ·wa‘breathed his lastH1478
√ gâvaʻ — to breathe out, iConjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
way·yiḡ·wa‘ (H1478), "expired" — the elevated verb that closes each patriarch's life (Abraham, Gen. 25:8; Jacob, Gen. 49:33); a rare lexeme (23 verses) that verbally binds this verse to its companions in the patriarchal death-formula. It is a register, not a halo: the same word reports the wicked's end (Num. 20:3) and all flesh in the Flood (Gen. 7:21).
וַיָּ֙מָת֙way·yā·māṯand diedH4191
√ mûwth — to die (literally or figuratively)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
way·yā·māṯ (H4191, mûwth), "and died" — the plain word, set beside the dignified "expired"; Scripture neither hides death nor leaves it bare of hope.
וַיֵּאָ֣סֶףway·yê·’ā·sep̄and was gatheredH622
√ ʼâçaph — to gather for any purposeConjunctive wawVerbNifalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
way·yê·ʼā·sep̄ (H622), "was gathered" — a Niphal; the gathering is something done to him, a passive welcome. The same root names the gathering of harvest and of peoples; here a man is brought in like sheaves at the end of the day.
אֶל־’el-toH413
√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition
עַמָּ֔יו‘am·māwhis peopleH5971
√ ʻam — a people (as a congregated unit)Nounmasculine plural constructthird person masculine singular
ʻam·māw (H5971, ʻam), "his people" — plural, "his kinsfolk." Distinct from "buried with his fathers," since Isaac's people were not buried where he was; the idiom looks past the tomb to the company of the dead (cf. Gen. 15:15; 25:8).
זָקֵ֖ןzā·qênoldH2205
√ zâqên — oldAdjectivemasculine singular
zā·qên (H2205), "old" — the adjective of honored age; with "satisfied of days" it forms the formula of a blessed death, shared verbally with Abraham (Gen. 25:8) and Job (Job 42:17).
וּשְׂבַ֣עū·śə·ḇa‘and fullH7649
√ sâbêaʻ — satiated (in a pleasant or disagreeable sense)Conjunctive wawAdjectivemasculine singular construct
ū·śə·ḇa‘ (H7649, sâbêaʻ), "and satisfied" — "sated," as from a full table; a rare word (10 verses) whose only other death-formula uses are Abraham (Gen. 25:8), David (1 Chr. 29:28), and Job (Job 42:17) — the deaths the Verifier ties to this verse on the shared lexeme.
יָמִ֑יםyā·mîmof yearsH3117
√ yôwm — a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)Nounmasculine plural
בָּנָֽיו׃פbā·nāwAnd his sonsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural constructthird person masculine singular
bā·nāw (H1121, bên), "his sons" — the builders of the family name (so the root); the reconciled sons together perform the last filial duty.
עֵשָׂ֥ו‘ê·śāwEsauH6215
√ ʻÊsâv — Esav, a son of Isaac, including his posterityNounpropermasculine singular
‘ê·śāw (H6215), "Esau" — named first by right of age. Cambridge records the haggadic afterlife of this reunion: the Book of Jubilees turns it back into war, against the plain peace of the text.
וְיַעֲקֹ֖בwə·ya·‘ă·qōḇand JacobH3290
√ Yaʻăqôb — Jaakob, the Israelitish patriarchConjunctive wawNounpropermasculine singular
וַיִּקְבְּר֣וּway·yiq·bə·rūburied himH6912
√ qâbar — to interConjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine plural
way·yiq·bə·rū (H6912, qâbar), "and they buried" — the plural verb of the two brothers acting as one; the same verb of Ishmael and Isaac burying Abraham (Gen. 25:9) and of Isaac's sons burying him in Machpelah (Gen. 49:31).
אֹת֔וֹ’ō·ṯōwH853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object markerthird person masculine singular

The verse-by-verse work is done. What follows gathers the whole unit. All three layers below are machine-generated (⚙). Weigh them; they have no authority.

⚙

Grand Commentary — the unit, read whole

synthesis · verify

AI synthesis — woven from the public-domain voices above and the original text; generated and fallible.

i. The son comes home to the dying father — 35:27

The unit opens with a single verb of arrival: way·yā·ḇō (H935), "and Jacob came." BSB's "returned" supplies the homecoming that the bare Hebrew leaves implicit, and Keil presses that this was no mere visit but a formal entrance — Jacob's "entrance into his father's house, to remain there as Isaac's heir." Poole, more cautiously, weighs whether Jacob came "to dwell with Isaac; or rather in person, to visit his sick and dying father," insisting that in ten years near home "no doubt he had oft visited him." The destination is named twice over — Mamre (H4471), the terebinth-grove of Abraham's old confederate, and Kiriath-arba (H7153), which Gill unfolds as "the city of the four, Arbah and his three sons," the older name of Hebron. The closing word is the quiet confession of the whole patriarchal age: gār (H1481), Abraham and Isaac "sojourned" there — they lived their whole tenure in the promised land as resident aliens.

ii. The longest life, told in days — 35:28

The death-notice is a single measured line: "and the days of Isaac were a hundred and eighty year." The Hebrew counts a life not in years bare but in days — yᵉmê yiṣḥāq (H3117) — the same noun that will return in v.29 as "full of days," so that the verse measures what the next declares satisfied. Benson reads the number as character: Isaac "lived the longest of all the patriarchs, even five years longer than Abraham. He was a mild and quiet man, and these qualities probably contributed no little to his health and long life." The commentators agree the notice is told out of time. Ellicott, Gill, and the Pulpit Commentary all run the arithmetic: Jacob was 120 at his father's death, and — as the Pulpit Commentary computes — Isaac "must have survived" the selling of Joseph and "sympathized with Jacob his son for a period of 13 years." The patriarch's death is recorded here to finish his story, though it fell years later.

iii. Gathered, satisfied, and buried by reconciled sons — 35:29

Four verbs carry Isaac out of the narrative: he expired (gâvaʻ, H1478, the dignified verb of the patriarchs' deaths), died (mûwth, H4191, the plain word), was gathered to his people (ʼâçaph, H622), and was buried (qâbar, H6912). Poole refuses to flatten the third: "gathered unto his people" means "either to the society of the dead, or to the congregation of the just," and he sends the reader to Genesis 15:15 and 25:8. The death is a blessed one — zāqên ū·śᵉḇaʻ yāmîm, "old and satisfied of days," where the Pulpit Commentary keeps the literal "satisfied with days," sated as from a full table. The last clause is the unit's quiet wonder: "his sons Esau and Jacob buried him." Matthew Henry reads it as visible grace — "the agreement of Esau and Jacob at their father's funeral, to show how God had wonderfully changed Esau's mind" — and JFB as proof the Jabbok reconciliation held: "a pleasing evidence of the permanent reconciliation between Esau and Jacob that they met at Mamre to perform the funeral rites of their common father." Cambridge names the deliberate rhyme: "Esau and Jacob meet at the burial of Isaac, just as Ishmael and Isaac met to bury Abraham" (Gen. 25:9).

Read under Sola Scriptura — this tool’s own fallible reading (⚙)

Read under Sola Scriptura, and tested as fallible synthesis: this passage is Genesis closing a book of the dead. The same three rare words that bury Isaac — gâvaʻ (expired), ʼâçaph (gathered to his people), sâbêaʻ (satisfied of days) — also buried Abraham (25:8) and will bury Jacob (49:33) and find their distant echo in Job's blessed end (42:17). The formula is the same; the lives differ utterly. Isaac is the quietest patriarch — no famine-flight that endangers a wife, no wrestling at a ford, no descent into Egypt; the one great act of his life, his binding on Moriah, was done to him as a boy. Scripture lets him die the same death the loud men die. The verse where the giant-city Kiriath-arba (where Arba "was a great man among the Anakim," Josh. 14:15) shelters the grave of a meek man, and where two brothers who once thirsted for each other's birthright and blood stand together over a coffin, says something the New Testament will say outright: these all died in faith, not having received the promises, confessing they were strangers (Heb. 11:13). Isaac is gathered to his people while still a sojourner in the land sworn to him — and that gap between the promise and the grave is exactly the room God leaves for resurrection.

Isaac is gathered to his people while still a sojourner in the land that was sworn to him — and that unclosed gap is where resurrection lives.

⚙

Canonical Threads — out to the whole of Scripture

cross-refs · verify

AI-generated connections. Each carries a verification badge with a recorded basis; contested links are flagged.

The death-formula of Abraham verbal / quotation — confirmed

Isaac's death is told in the very words of his father's. Genesis 25:8 records that Abraham "expired and died in a good old age, an old man and satisfied, and was gathered to his people" — the same four-verb sequence: gâvaʻ, mûwth, ʼâçaph ʼel-ʻammāw, with zāqên. The Verifier registers the shared rare lexemes between the two verses. Poole reads the parallel deliberately, cross-referencing 25:8 at this very phrase. The one variation is the Pulpit Commentary's observation that Isaac is "satisfied with days" where Abraham is merely "satisfied" — the son's formula is the father's, lengthened by one word.

Genesis 25:8

basis: shared rare lexeme H7649 sâbêaʻ (in 10 vv) and H1478 gâvaʻ (in 23 vv), with H2205 zâqên and H622 ʼâçaph — the same four-verb death-formula

The two brothers at the grave (Abraham and Isaac's burials rhymed) structural / thematic — confirmed

Genesis frames the patriarchal deaths with a matched pair of reconciled-brother burials. At Abraham's death "his sons Isaac and Ishmael buried him" (Gen. 25:9); at Isaac's, "his sons Esau and Jacob buried him." The Verifier ties the verses on the shared Yitschâq (H3327) and the burial verb qâbar (H6912) — a structural and thematic link, not a quotation. Cambridge names the rhyme outright: "Esau and Jacob meet at the burial of Isaac, just as Ishmael and Isaac met to bury Abraham." In both cases the son of promise and the displaced elder son stand together once, at the grave, when the rivalry is over.

Genesis 25:9 · Genesis 49:31

basis: shared lexemes H3327 Yitschâq (in 101 vv) and H6912 qâbar (in 122 vv); a repeated burial-pattern, no quotation claimed — Gen. 49:31 names the same Machpelah tomb

Satisfied of days — the blessed death verbal / quotation — confirmed

The rare phrase "old and satisfied of days" (zāqên ū·śᵉḇaʻ yāmîm) recurs at the death of Job: "So Job died, being old and full of days" (Job 42:17). The Verifier registers the shared rare lexeme sâbêaʻ (H7649, only 10 verses) together with zāqên and mûwth. This is the Hebrew idiom of a death received as a gift — not merely long life, but a life one has had one's fill of, like a guest rising satisfied from a feast. The same blessing crowns Abraham (Gen. 25:8) and David (1 Chr. 29:28); the Verifier's link to Job shows it reaching beyond the covenant line to the man of Uz.

Job 42:17 · Genesis 25:8

basis: shared rare lexeme H7649 sâbêaʻ (in 10 vv) with H2205 zâqên and H4191 mûwth — the formula 'old and satisfied of days'

Kiriath-arba, the giant-city that becomes the patriarchs' grave verbal / quotation — confirmed

The place "Kiriath-arba, that is Hebron" is named with the rare lexeme Qiryath ʼArbaʻ (H7153, only nine verses). The Verifier links this verse to Sarah's burial there (Gen. 23:2 — "Kiriath-arba, that is Hebron, in the land of Canaan") and to Caleb's later conquest (Josh. 14:15), which discloses that "Arba was a great man among the Anakim," the giants. Gill reads the name as "the city of the four." The same ground that the spies feared for its giants (Num. 13:22, 28) is the ground where Abraham, Sarah, Isaac, and Rebekah are buried — the meek inherit the city of the Anakim by way of a grave.

Genesis 23:2 · Joshua 14:15

basis: shared rare lexeme H7153 Qiryath ʼArbaʻ (in 9 vv) with H2275 Chebrôwn and (with 23:2) H85 ʼAbrâhâm — the explicit gloss 'Kiriath-arba, that is Hebron'

Buried in Machpelah, Abraham's family grave structural / thematic — confirmed

Though this verse only says Isaac's sons "buried him," Genesis later names the place: "There they buried Abraham and Sarah his wife; there they buried Isaac and Rebekah his wife" (Gen. 49:31), the cave of Machpelah "before Mamre" that Abraham purchased (Gen. 49:30; 50:13). The Verifier links those verses on the shared Mamrêʼ (H4471, only 10 verses) and qâbar (H6912). Keil supplies what the verse omits: Isaac "was buried by his two sons in the cave of Machpelah (Genesis 49:31), Abraham's family grave." The single plot of Canaan the patriarchs ever owned was the one they were buried in — the down-payment on the whole promised land.

Genesis 49:31 · Genesis 49:30 · Genesis 50:13

basis: shared lexemes H4471 Mamrêʼ (in 10 vv) and H6912 qâbar (in 122 vv); the named burial-site filled in from parallel verses, no quotation in 35:29 itself

⚙Christ in the Unittypology · verify

AI-generated reading; weigh it against the text.

The God of the dead who is the God of the living ancient/widely-held

Isaac dies and is "gathered to his people" — yet the Lord later names Himself, to Moses at the bush, "the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob" (Exod. 3:6). Jesus seizes exactly this: "He is not the God of the dead, but of the living" (Matt. 22:32; Luke 20:37-38), arguing the resurrection from the very fact that God still calls Himself Isaac's God centuries after this grave. The buried patriarch of Genesis 35:29 is, on the Lord's own reading, alive to God — the formula "gathered to his people" that Poole hesitated over is read by Christ as a promise of resurrection. This is the widely-held ancient reading, given by Christ Himself.

Genesis 35:29 · Exodus 3:6 · Matthew 22:32 · Luke 20:37

Strangers and pilgrims who died in faith ancient/widely-held

The closing word of v.27 — Abraham and Isaac sojourned (gûwr, H1481) at Hebron — and the burial of Isaac as a sojourner in his own promised land are gathered up by Hebrews 11:9, 13: "By faith he sojourned in the land of promise, as in a strange country... These all died in faith, not having received the promises, but having seen them afar off... and confessed that they were strangers and pilgrims on the earth." Isaac's death "satisfied of days" yet still landless is the New Testament's evidence that the patriarchs "desire a better country, that is, an heavenly" (Heb. 11:16) — the inheritance secured in Christ, the firstborn from the dead, who entered the rest the fathers only sojourned toward. A cross-Testament link (Greek↔Hebrew): not a verbal/Strong's link but a typological-thematic one, the NT reading the patriarch's sojourning death as faith awaiting resurrection.

Genesis 35:27 · Genesis 35:29 · Hebrews 11:9 · Hebrews 11:13

Apparatus & Provenance

The biblical text is the Berean Standard Bible (BSB), public domain (CC0). Hebrew/Greek text, transliteration, morphology and Strong’s are transcribed from the Berean interlinear (CC0) + Strong’s lexicons (PD); the literal renderings, divergence notes, word notes and all synthesis are this tool’s own work (⚙) — fallible; verify them.

Named voices, quoted verbatim from public-domain works:

  • Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges, — (1880s)
  • Charles Ellicott, Commentary for English Readers (1878)
  • Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory (1871)
  • John Gill, Exposition of the Entire Bible (1746–63)
  • Joseph Benson, Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1810s)
  • Keil & Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament (1860s)
  • Matthew Henry, Concise Commentary on the Whole Bible (1706)
  • Matthew Poole, Annotations upon the Holy Bible (1685)
  • The Pulpit Commentary, Spence & Exell, eds. (1880s)

Chronology told out of order. Every major commentator (Ellicott, Gill, the Pulpit Commentary, Keil) agrees Isaac's death is recorded here but did not occur here: by the arithmetic of Genesis 37:2; 41:46; 47:9, Isaac outlived the selling of Joseph by some twelve to thirteen years. The notice closes Isaac's story before the narrative turns to Joseph; the reader should not read v.28-29 as following v.27 in time. Source-critical voice. The Cambridge Bible and Barnes frame this passage in documentary terms (the "P narrative," the "generations" formula); these voices are quoted for transparency about how the modern critical tradition reads the seam, not as the editor's own commitment — the text presents one continuous account. "Gathered to his people." The idiom is distinguished from burial (Isaac's people were not buried where he was); Poole's double gloss — "the society of the dead, or the congregation of the just" — is preserved rather than resolved, and the Christ section records how the Lord Himself read it. Cross-Testament caution. The Hebrews links in the Christ section are Greek↔Hebrew and so cannot rest on shared Strong's numbers; they are tiered thematic/typological, the NT author reading the patriarchal death, not quoting its vocabulary. Haggadic afterlife. Cambridge records that the Book of Jubilees later turned this peaceful funeral back into war between Esau and Jacob; that is post-biblical legend, flagged here as contrary to the plain peace of the canonical text.

✦ = human, public-domain source, quoted and named. ⚙ = machine synthesis, to be verified. Flagged cross-references are left visible on purpose — the verifier working in the open. “Search the Scriptures daily, whether those things were so.” (Acts 17:11)