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Genesis41:14–36

Joseph Interprets Pharaoh’s Dreams

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Genesis 41:14–36 — Joseph Interprets Pharaoh’s Dreams. Each verse below carries the full apparatus: the Berean Standard Bible, the vocalized original (tap any word), and a parsed breakdown of every term transcribed from the interlinear. Synthesized commentary, canonical threads, and the reading of Christ gather at the end, over the whole unit.

14

So Pharaoh sent for Joseph, who was quickly brought out of the dungeon. After he had shaved and changed his clothes, he went in before Pharaoh.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

par·‘ōh way·yiš·laḥ way·yiq·rā ’eṯ- yō·w·sêp̄ way·rî·ṣu·hū min- hab·bō·wr way·ḡal·laḥ way·ḥal·lêp̄ śim·lō·ṯāw way·yā·ḇō ’el- par·‘ōh

Word by word14 · parsed
פַּרְעֹה֙par·‘ōhSo PharaohH6547
√ Parʻôh — Paroh, a general title of Egyptian kingsNounpropermasculine singular
פַּרְעֹה (H6547) — “Pharaoh,” a title, not a name; it is the grammatical subject that opens the unit and frames the whole scene as a royal act.
וַיִּשְׁלַ֤חway·yiš·laḥsent forH7971
√ shâlach — to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
וַיִּשְׁלַח (H7971, šālaḥ, “to send”) — the wayyiqtol that drives the narrative: God’s providence moves through Pharaoh’s impatience.
וַיִּקְרָ֣אway·yiq·rā. . .H7121
√ qârâʼ — to call out to (iConjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
אֶת־’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
יוֹסֵ֔ףyō·w·sêp̄JosephH3130
√ Yôwçêph — Joseph, the name of seven IsraelitesNounpropermasculine singular
וַיְרִיצֻ֖הוּway·rî·ṣu·hūwho was quickly broughtH7323
√ rûwts — to run (for whatever reason, especially to rush)Conjunctive wawVerbHifilConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine pluralthird person masculine singular
וַיְרִיצֻהוּ (H7323, Hiphil) — “they made him run.” JFB: “Now that God’s set time had come (Ps 105:19), no human power nor policy could detain Joseph in prison.” The haste of men serves the timing of God.
מִן־min-out ofH4480
√ min — properly, a part ofPreposition
הַבּ֑וֹרhab·bō·wrthe dungeonH953
√ bôwr — a pit hole (especially one used as a cistern or a prison)ArticleNounmasculine singular
הַבּוֹר (H953) — “the pit,” by synecdoche the prison-house (Poole). The word that buried him (Gen 37:24) now releases him.
וַיְגַלַּח֙way·ḡal·laḥAfter he had shavedH1548
√ gâlach — properly, to be bald, iConjunctive wawVerbPielConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
וַיְגַלַּח (H1548, Piel) — “and he shaved.” Ellicott, citing Herodotus, notes the Egyptians grew hair and beard only in mourning; to enter the king’s presence Joseph must put off the look of the prison and the look of grief.
וַיְחַלֵּ֣ףway·ḥal·lêp̄and changedH2498
√ châlaph — properly, to slide by, iConjunctive wawVerbPielConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
שִׂמְלֹתָ֔יוśim·lō·ṯāwhis clothesH8071
√ simlâh — a dress, especially a mantleNounfeminine plural constructthird person masculine singular
שִׂמְלֹתָיו (H8071) — “his garments.” The third garment-change of his life: the coat his brothers stripped (37:23), the cloak Potiphar’s wife seized (39:12), and now the clothes of the pit exchanged for clothes fit for a king.
וַיָּבֹ֖אway·yā·ḇōhe went inH935
√ bôwʼ — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
אֶל־’el-beforeH413
√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition
פַּרְעֹֽה׃par·‘ōhPharaohH6547
√ Parʻôh — Paroh, a general title of Egyptian kingsNounpropermasculine singular
15

Pharaoh said to Joseph, “I had a dream, and no one can interpret it. But I have heard it said of you that when you hear a dream you can interpret it.”

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

par·‘ōh way·yō·mer ’el- yō·w·sêp̄ ḥă·lō·wm ḥā·lam·tî ’ên ’ō·ṯōw ū·p̄ō·ṯêr wa·’ă·nî šā·ma‘·tî lê·mōr ‘ā·le·ḵā tiš·ma‘ ḥă·lō·wm lip̄·tōr ’ō·ṯōw

Word by word17 · parsed
פַּרְעֹה֙par·‘ōhPharaohH6547
√ Parʻôh — Paroh, a general title of Egyptian kingsNounpropermasculine singular
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרway·yō·mersaidH559
√ ʼâmar — to say (used with great latitude)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
אֶל־’el-toH413
√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition
יוֹסֵ֔ףyō·w·sêp̄JosephH3130
√ Yôwçêph — Joseph, the name of seven IsraelitesNounpropermasculine singular
חֲל֣וֹםḥă·lō·wmI had a dreamH2472
√ chălôwm — a dreamNounmasculine singular
חֲלוֹם (H2472, chălôwm) — “dream,” the keyword of the whole Joseph cycle; it binds this scene to 37:5–10, 40:5, and the famine that follows.
חָלַ֔מְתִּיḥā·lam·tî. . .H2492
√ châlam — properly, to bind firmly, iVerbQalPerfectfirst person common singular
חָלַמְתִּי (H2492) — “I dreamed,” the verbal twin of the noun before it; Hebrew loves this figura etymologica.
אֵ֣ין’ênand noH369
√ ʼayin — a non-entityAdverb
אֹת֑וֹ’ō·ṯōwH853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object markerthird person masculine singular
וּפֹתֵ֖רū·p̄ō·ṯêrone can interpret itH6622
√ pâthar — to open up, iConjunctive wawVerbQalParticiplemasculine singular
וּפֹתֵר (H6622, pāṯar) — “interpreting / interpreter.” The same root runs through Gen 40–41; only the man who said “interpretations belong to God” (40:8) can supply one.
וַאֲנִ֗יwa·’ă·nîBut IH589
√ ʼănîy — IConjunctive wawPronounfirst person common singular
שָׁמַ֤עְתִּיšā·ma‘·tîhave heardH8085
√ shâmaʻ — to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etcVerbQalPerfectfirst person common singular
שָׁמַעְתִּי (H8085) — “I have heard.” Gill: it had been reported to him by the chief butler. The forgotten cupbearer (40:23) finally speaks, and the report reaches the throne.
לֵאמֹ֔רlê·mōrit saidH559
√ ʼâmar — to say (used with great latitude)Preposition-lVerbQalInfinitive construct
עָלֶ֙יךָ֙‘ā·le·ḵāof youH5921
√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPrepositionsecond person masculine singular
תִּשְׁמַ֥עtiš·ma‘that when you hearH8085
√ shâmaʻ — to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etcVerbQalImperfectsecond person masculine singular
תִּשְׁמַע (H8085) — “you hear.” Pharaoh credits the hearing-and-interpreting to Joseph; Joseph will immediately redirect it to God (v. 16).
חֲל֖וֹםḥă·lō·wma dreamH2472
√ chălôwm — a dreamNounmasculine singular
לִפְתֹּ֥רlip̄·tōryou can interpret itH6622
√ pâthar — to open up, iPreposition-lVerbQalInfinitive construct
אֹתֽוֹ׃’ō·ṯōwH853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object markerthird person masculine singular
16

“I myself cannot do it,” Joseph replied, “but God will give Pharaoh a sound answer.”

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bil·‘ā·ḏāy yō·w·sêp̄ ’eṯ- way·ya·‘an par·‘ōh lê·mōr ’ĕ·lō·hîm par·‘ōh šə·lō·wm ya·‘ă·neh ’eṯ-

Word by word11 · parsed
בִּלְעָדָ֑יbil·‘ā·ḏāyI myself cannot do itH1107
√ bilʻădêy — except, without, besidesPrepositionfirst person common singular
בִּלְעָדָי (H1107) — “apart from me.” K&D compares the same construction in Gen 14:24; it is a flat refusal of self-credit. Joseph’s greatness begins in this self-emptying word.
יוֹסֵ֧ףyō·w·sêp̄JosephH3130
√ Yôwçêph — Joseph, the name of seven IsraelitesNounpropermasculine singular
אֶת־’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
וַיַּ֨עַןway·ya·‘anrepliedH6030
√ ʻânâh — properly, to eye or (generally) to heed, iConjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
פַּרְעֹ֛הpar·‘ōh. . .H6547
√ Parʻôh — Paroh, a general title of Egyptian kingsNounpropermasculine singular
לֵאמֹ֖רlê·mōr. . .H559
√ ʼâmar — to say (used with great latitude)Preposition-lVerbQalInfinitive construct
אֱלֹהִ֕ים’ĕ·lō·hîmbut GodH430
√ ʼĕlôhîym — gods in the ordinary senseNounmasculine plural
אֱלֹהִים (H430, Elohim) — “God.” Joseph, alone before a pagan king, confesses the one God; he uses the generic name a Gentile court could grasp, yet means the LORD of the covenant.
פַּרְעֹֽה׃par·‘ōh{ will give } PharaohH6547
√ Parʻôh — Paroh, a general title of Egyptian kingsNounpropermasculine singular
שְׁל֥וֹםšə·lō·wma soundH7965
√ shâlôwm — safe, iNounmasculine singular construct
שְׁלוֹם (H7965, šālôm) — “peace, welfare.” Not merely a correct interpretation but a word that will do Pharaoh good; the same root that names the Prince of Peace.
יַעֲנֶ֖הya·‘ă·nehanswerH6030
√ ʻânâh — properly, to eye or (generally) to heed, iVerbQalImperfectthird person masculine singular
יַעֲנֶה (H6030, ʻānāh) — “will answer.” The verb of v. 16b: God, not Joseph, is the answering one. Cf. the Cambridge note on the LXX and Vulgate variants here.
אֶת־’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
17

Then Pharaoh said to Joseph: “In my dream I was standing on the bank of the Nile,

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

par·‘ōh way·ḏab·bêr ’el- yō·w·sêp̄ ba·ḥă·lō·mî hin·nî ‘ō·mêḏ ‘al- śə·p̄aṯ hay·’ōr

Word by word10 · parsed
פַּרְעֹ֖הpar·‘ōhThen PharaohH6547
√ Parʻôh — Paroh, a general title of Egyptian kingsNounpropermasculine singular
וַיְדַבֵּ֥רway·ḏab·bêrsaidH1696
√ dâbar — perhaps properly, to arrangeConjunctive wawVerbPielConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
וַיְדַבֵּר (H1696) — “and he recounted.” The Piel of full narration; Pharaoh’s retelling (vv. 17–24) expands the narrator’s account (vv. 1–7), and the small additions are themselves revealing.
אֶל־’el-toH413
√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition
יוֹסֵ֑ףyō·w·sêp̄JosephH3130
√ Yôwçêph — Joseph, the name of seven IsraelitesNounpropermasculine singular
בַּחֲלֹמִ֕יba·ḥă·lō·mîIn my dreamH2472
√ chălôwm — a dreamPreposition-b, ArticleNounmasculine singular constructfirst person common singular
הִנְנִ֥יhin·nî. . .H2005
√ hên — lo!Interjectionfirst person common singular
עֹמֵ֖ד‘ō·mêḏI was standingH5975
√ ʻâmad — to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)VerbQalParticiplemasculine singular
עַל־‘al-onH5921
√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition
שְׂפַ֥תśə·p̄aṯthe bankH8193
√ sâphâh — the lip (as a natural boundary)Nounfeminine singular construct
שְׂפַת (H8193, śāphāh) — “lip, edge, shore.” The verbal link to v. 3 (the cows standing on the river’s “lip”) and the keyword of many Hebrew texts of speech and shore alike.
הַיְאֹֽר׃hay·’ōrof the NileH2975
√ yᵉʼôr — a channel, eArticleNounproperfeminine singular
הַיְאֹר (H2975, yeʼōr) — “the Nile,” an Egyptian loanword. JFB: “The dreams were purely Egyptian, founded on the productions of that country.” Egypt’s life rises and falls with this river, and so do the seven years.
18

when seven cows, well-fed and sleek, came up from the river and began to graze among the reeds.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wə·hin·nêh še·ḇa‘ pā·rō·wṯ bə·rî·’ō·wṯ bā·śār wî·p̄ōṯ tō·’ar ‘ō·lōṯ min- hay·’ōr wat·tir·‘e·nāh bā·’ā·ḥū

Word by word12 · parsed
וְהִנֵּ֣הwə·hin·nêhH2009
√ hinnêh — lo!Conjunctive wawInterjection
שֶׁ֣בַעše·ḇa‘when sevenH7651
√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Numberfeminine singular
שֶׁבַע (H7651, šeḇaʻ) — “seven.” The drum-beat of the whole unit, struck again and again; the number itself signals completeness and a divinely fixed span.
פָּר֔וֹתpā·rō·wṯcowsH6510
√ pârâh — a heiferNounfeminine plural
בְּרִיא֥וֹתbə·rî·’ō·wṯwell-fedH1277
√ bârîyʼ — fatted or plumpAdjectivefeminine plural construct
בְּרִיאוֹת (H1277) — “fat.” A rare adjective (13 vv) that returns in v. 20; the fatness of these cows is the fatness of the good years.
בָּשָׂ֖רbā·śār. . .H1320
√ bâsâr — flesh (from its freshness)Nounmasculine singular
וִיפֹ֣תwî·p̄ōṯand sleekH3303
√ yâpheh — beautiful (literally or figuratively)Conjunctive wawAdjectivefeminine plural construct
יְפֹת (H3303, yāpheh) — “beautiful.” The same word that marks Rachel and Joseph; plenty wears the face of beauty in the dream.
תֹּ֑אַרtō·’ar. . .H8389
√ tôʼar — outline, iNounmasculine singular
עֹלֹת֙‘ō·lōṯcame upH5927
√ ʻâlâh — to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount)VerbQalParticiplefeminine plural
מִן־min-fromH4480
√ min — properly, a part ofPreposition
הַיְאֹ֗רhay·’ōrthe riverH2975
√ yᵉʼôr — a channel, eArticleNounmasculine singular
וַתִּרְעֶ֖ינָהwat·tir·‘e·nāhand began to grazeH7462
√ râʻâh — to tend a flockConjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person feminine plural
בָּאָֽחוּ׃bā·’ā·ḥūamong the reedsH260
√ ʼâchûw — a bulrush or any marshy grass (particularly that along the Nile)Preposition-b, ArticleNounmasculine singular
בָּאָחוּ (H260) — “in the reed-grass.” A word found only here, in v. 2, and in Job 8:11 (“Can the rush grow up without mire?”). The shared rare term makes Job’s marsh and Pharaoh’s marsh verbal neighbors.
19

After them, seven other cows—sickly, ugly, and thin—came up. I have never seen such ugly cows in all the land of Egypt!

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wə·hin·nêh ’a·ḥă·rê·hen dal·lō·wṯ še·ḇa‘- ’ă·ḥê·rō·wṯ pā·rō·wṯ wə·rā·‘ō·wṯ tō·’ar mə·’ōḏ wə·raq·qō·wṯ bā·śār ‘ō·lō·wṯ lō- rā·’î·ṯî lā·rō·a‘ ḵā·hên·nāh bə·ḵāl ’e·reṣ miṣ·ra·yim

Word by word19 · parsed
וְהִנֵּ֞הwə·hin·nêhH2009
√ hinnêh — lo!Conjunctive wawInterjection
אַחֲרֵיהֶ֔ן’a·ḥă·rê·henAfter themH310
√ ʼachar — properly, the hind partPrepositionthird person feminine plural
דַּלּ֨וֹתdal·lō·wṯ. . .H1803
√ dallâh — properly, something dangling, iAdjectivefeminine plural
דַּלּוֹת (H1803) — “poor, thin.” An addition unique to Pharaoh’s retelling; the king’s memory is more vivid than the bare report (Ellicott, Gill).
שֶֽׁבַע־še·ḇa‘-sevenH7651
√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Numberfeminine singular
אֲחֵרוֹת֙’ă·ḥê·rō·wṯotherH312
√ ʼachêr — properly, hinderAdjectivefeminine plural
פָּר֤וֹתpā·rō·wṯcowsH6510
√ pârâh — a heiferNounfeminine plural
וְרָע֥וֹתwə·rā·‘ō·wṯsicklyH7451
√ raʻ — bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)Conjunctive wawAdjectivefeminine plural construct
רָעוֹת (H7451, raʻ) — “evil, bad.” The moral weight of the word colors the whole dream: the lean cows are not merely unsightly but ominous.
תֹּ֛אַרtō·’aruglyH8389
√ tôʼar — outline, iNounmasculine singular
מְאֹ֖דmə·’ōḏ. . .H3966
√ mᵉʼôd — properly, vehemence, iAdverb
וְרַקּ֣וֹתwə·raq·qō·wṯand thinH7534
√ raq — emaciated (as if flattened out)Conjunctive wawAdjectivefeminine plural construct
בָּשָׂ֑רbā·śār. . .H1320
√ bâsâr — flesh (from its freshness)Nounmasculine singular
עֹל֣וֹת‘ō·lō·wṯcame upH5927
√ ʻâlâh — to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount)VerbQalParticiplefeminine plural
לֹֽא־lō-I have neverH3808
√ lôʼ — not (the simple or absAdverbNegative particle
רָאִ֧יתִיrā·’î·ṯîseenH7200
√ râʼâh — to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)VerbQalPerfectfirst person common singular
רָאִיתִי (H7200, rāʼāh) — “I have seen.” The verb of sight that runs through the dream-reports; Pharaoh saw, but could not understand — the gap Joseph will close.
לָרֹֽעַ׃lā·rō·a‘such uglyH7455
√ rôaʻ — badness (as marring), physically or morallyPreposition-l, ArticleNounmasculine singular
לָרֹעַ (H7455) — “for badness.” The cognate noun of v. 19’s adjective; Hebrew hammers the same root to mark the horror.
כָהֵ֛נָּהḵā·hên·nāh[cows]
Preposition-kPronounthird person feminine plural
בְּכָל־bə·ḵālin allH3605
√ kôl — properly, the wholePreposition-bNounmasculine singular construct
אֶ֥רֶץ’e·reṣthe landH776
√ ʼerets — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)Nounfeminine singular construct
מִצְרַ֖יִםmiṣ·ra·yimof EgyptH4714
√ Mitsrayim — Mitsrajim, iNounproperfeminine singular
20

Then the thin, ugly cows devoured the seven well-fed cows that were there first.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

hā·raq·qō·wṯ wə·hā·rā·‘ō·wṯ ’êṯ hap·pā·rō·wṯ wat·tō·ḵal·nāh še·ḇa‘ hab·bə·rî·’ōṯ hap·pā·rō·wṯ hā·ri·šō·nō·wṯ

Word by word9 · parsed
הָרַקּ֖וֹתhā·raq·qō·wṯThen the thinH7534
√ raq — emaciated (as if flattened out)ArticleAdjectivefeminine plural
וְהָרָע֑וֹתwə·hā·rā·‘ō·wṯuglyH7451
√ raʻ — bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)Conjunctive waw, ArticleAdjectivefeminine plural
אֵ֣ת’êṯH853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
הַפָּר֔וֹתhap·pā·rō·wṯcowsH6510
√ pârâh — a heiferArticleNounfeminine plural
וַתֹּאכַ֙לְנָה֙wat·tō·ḵal·nāhdevouredH398
√ ʼâkal — to eat (literally or figuratively)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person feminine plural
וַתֹּאכַלְנָה (H398) — “and they ate.” The same verb will dominate the famine chapters as the nations come to “eat” of Egypt’s stored grain; here it is devouring, there it will be deliverance.
שֶׁ֧בַעše·ḇa‘the sevenH7651
√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Numberfeminine singular
הַבְּרִיאֹֽת׃hab·bə·rî·’ōṯwell-fedH1277
√ bârîyʼ — fatted or plumpArticleAdjectivefeminine plural
הַבְּרִיאֹת (H1277) — “the fat ones,” the rare adjective of v. 18 repeated to sharpen the reversal.
הַפָּר֛וֹתhap·pā·rō·wṯcowsH6510
√ pârâh — a heiferArticleNounfeminine plural
הָרִאשֹׁנ֖וֹתhā·ri·šō·nō·wṯthat were there firstH7223
√ riʼshôwn — first, in place, time or rank (as adjective or noun)ArticleAdjectivefeminine plural
הָרִאשֹׁנוֹת (H7223, riʼšôn) — “the first.” Plenty precedes famine — a mercy of sequence, giving Egypt seven years to prepare.
21

When they had devoured them, however, no one could tell that they had done so; their appearance was as ugly as it had been before. Then I awoke.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wat·tā·ḇō·nāh ’el- qir·be·nāh wə·lō nō·w·ḏa‘ kî- ḇā·’ū ’el- qir·be·nāh ū·mar·’ê·hen ra‘ ka·’ă·šer bat·tə·ḥil·lāh wā·’î·qāṣ

Word by word14 · parsed
וַתָּבֹ֣אנָהwat·tā·ḇō·nāhWhen they had devouredH935
√ bôwʼ — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person feminine plural
אֶל־’el-. . .H413
√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition
קִרְבֶּ֗נָהqir·be·nāhthem, howeverH7130
√ qereb — properly, the nearest part, iNounmasculine singular constructthird person feminine plural
קִרְבֶּנָה (H7130, qereḇ) — “their inward parts.” Barnes: “into their stomachs.” The devouring is total yet leaves the devourer no fuller — a portrait of famine that consumes without nourishing.
וְלֹ֤אwə·lōno one couldH3808
√ lôʼ — not (the simple or absConjunctive wawAdverbNegative particle
נוֹדַע֙nō·w·ḏa‘tellH3045
√ yâdaʻ — to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing)VerbNifalPerfectthird person masculine singular
נוֹדַע (H3045, yādaʻ) — “was known.” Knowledge is the dream’s problem and Joseph’s commodity; here the lack of it, in v. 25 its gift.
כִּי־kî-thatH3588
√ kîy — (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below)Conjunction
בָ֣אוּḇā·’ūthey had [done so]H935
√ bôwʼ — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)VerbQalPerfectthird person common plural
אֶל־’el-. . .H413
√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition
קִרְבֶּ֔נָהqir·be·nāh. . .H7130
√ qereb — properly, the nearest part, iNounmasculine singular constructthird person feminine plural
וּמַרְאֵיהֶ֣ןū·mar·’ê·hentheir appearanceH4758
√ marʼeh — a view (the act of seeing)Conjunctive wawNounmasculine plural constructthird person feminine plural
רַ֔עra‘was as uglyH7451
√ raʻ — bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)Adjectivemasculine singular
כַּאֲשֶׁ֖רka·’ă·šerasH834
√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPreposition-kPronounrelative
בַּתְּחִלָּ֑הbat·tə·ḥil·lāhit had been beforeH8462
√ tᵉchillâh — a commencementPreposition-b, ArticleNounfeminine singular
וָאִיקָֽץ׃wā·’î·qāṣThen I awokeH3364
√ yâqats — to awake (intransitive)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectfirst person common singular
וָאִיקָץ (H3364, yāqaṣ) — “and I awoke.” The dream breaks off unresolved, leaving Pharaoh with dread and no meaning — the vacuum into which Joseph speaks.
22

In my dream I also saw seven heads of grain, plump and ripe, growing on a single stalk.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

ba·ḥă·lō·mî wə·hin·nêh wā·’ê·re še·ḇa‘ šib·bo·lîm mə·lê·’ōṯ wə·ṭō·ḇō·wṯ ‘ō·lōṯ ’e·ḥāḏ bə·qā·neh

Word by word10 · parsed
בַּחֲלֹמִ֑יba·ḥă·lō·mîIn my dreamH2472
√ chălôwm — a dreamPreposition-b, ArticleNounmasculine singular constructfirst person common singular
וְהִנֵּ֣ה׀wə·hin·nêh. . .H2009
√ hinnêh — lo!Conjunctive wawInterjection
וָאֵ֖רֶאwā·’ê·reI also sawH7200
√ râʼâh — to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectfirst person common singular
שֶׁ֣בַעše·ḇa‘sevenH7651
√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Numberfeminine singular
שִׁבֳּלִ֗יםšib·bo·lîmheads of grainH7641
√ shibbôl — a stream (as flowing)Nounfeminine plural
שִׁבֳּלִים (H7641) — “ears of grain.” The keyword of the second dream; the same noun (homonymous in form) underlies the “floods” of Psalm 69:15, making a striking sound-link between grain and water.
מְלֵאֹ֥תmə·lê·’ōṯplumpH4392
√ mâlêʼ — full (literally or figuratively) or filling (literally)Adjectivefeminine plural
וְטֹבֽוֹת׃wə·ṭō·ḇō·wṯand ripeH2896
√ ṭôwb — good (as an adjective) in the widest senseConjunctive wawAdjectivefeminine plural
עֹלֹ֛ת‘ō·lōṯgrowing onH5927
√ ʻâlâh — to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount)VerbQalParticiplefeminine plural
אֶחָ֖ד’e·ḥāḏa singleH259
√ ʼechâd — properly, united, iNumbermasculine singular
אֶחָד (H259, ʼeḥāḏ) — “one.” One stalk, seven ears — and, Joseph will say, the two dreams are likewise one (v. 25). The number of unity runs through the chapter.
בְּקָנֶ֥הbə·qā·nehstalkH7070
√ qâneh — a reed (as erect)Preposition-bNounmasculine singular
בְּקָנֶה (H7070, qāneh) — “stalk, reed, cane.” A single stem freighted with sevenfold yield: the lavishness of the good years pictured in one image.
23

After them, seven other heads of grain sprouted—withered, thin, and scorched by the east wind.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wə·hin·nêh ’a·ḥă·rê·hem še·ḇa‘ šib·bo·lîm ṣō·mə·ḥō·wṯ ṣə·nu·mō·wṯ daq·qō·wṯ šə·ḏu·p̄ō·wṯ qā·ḏîm

Word by word9 · parsed
וְהִנֵּה֙wə·hin·nêhH2009
√ hinnêh — lo!Conjunctive wawInterjection
אַחֲרֵיהֶֽם׃’a·ḥă·rê·hemAfter themH310
√ ʼachar — properly, the hind partPrepositionthird person masculine plural
שֶׁ֣בַעše·ḇa‘seven otherH7651
√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Numberfeminine singular
שִׁבֳּלִ֔יםšib·bo·lîmheads of grainH7641
√ shibbôl — a stream (as flowing)Nounfeminine plural
צֹמְח֖וֹתṣō·mə·ḥō·wṯsproutedH6779
√ tsâmach — to sprout (transitive or intransitive, literal or figurative)VerbQalParticiplefeminine plural
צְנֻמ֥וֹתṣə·nu·mō·wṯwitheredH6798
√ tsânam — to blast or shrinkNounfeminine plural
צְנֻמוֹת (H6798) — a hapax legomenon (only here in the OT); meaning uncertain. Ellicott reads “stony”; Gill records “small,” “empty,” even “images.” A genuine textual mystery the synthesis leaves open.
דַּקּ֖וֹתdaq·qō·wṯthinH1851
√ daq — crushed, iAdjectivefeminine plural
שְׁדֻפ֣וֹתšə·ḏu·p̄ō·wṯand scorchedH7710
√ shâdaph — to scorchVerbQalQalPassParticiplefeminine plural construct
שְׁדֻפוֹת (H7710) — “scorched, blasted.” The passive participle of blight; the famine is not mere absence of rain but active withering.
קָדִ֑יםqā·ḏîmby the east windH6921
√ qâdîym — the fore or front partNounmasculine singular
קָדִים (H6921, qāḏîm) — “east wind.” The desert sirocco, an agent of judgment elsewhere (Ezek 19:12; Hos 13:15); JFB notes its peculiar destructiveness in Egypt.
24

And the thin heads of grain swallowed the seven plump ones. I told this dream to the magicians, but no one could explain it to me.”

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

had·daq·qōṯ ’êṯ hå̄·šib·bo·līm wat·tiḇ·la‘·nā še·ḇa‘ haṭ·ṭō·ḇō·wṯ ha·šib·bo·lîm wā·’ō·mar ’el- ha·ḥar·ṭum·mîm wə·’ên mag·gîḏ lî

Word by word13 · parsed
הַדַּקֹּ֔תhad·daq·qōṯAnd the thinH1851
√ daq — crushed, iArticleAdjectivefeminine plural
אֵ֛ת’êṯH853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
הָשִׁבֳּלִ֣יםhå̄·šib·bo·līmheads of grainH7641
√ shibbôl — a stream (as flowing)ArticleNounfeminine plural
וַתִּבְלַ֙עְןָ֙wat·tiḇ·la‘·nāswallowedH1104
√ bâlaʻ — to make away with (specifically by swallowing)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person feminine plural
וַתִּבְלַעְןָ (H1104, bālaʻ) — “and they swallowed.” A verb of total, violent absorption; the famine will not merely diminish but engulf the plenty.
שֶׁ֥בַעše·ḇa‘the sevenH7651
√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Numberfeminine singular
הַטֹּב֑וֹתhaṭ·ṭō·ḇō·wṯplumpH2896
√ ṭôwb — good (as an adjective) in the widest senseArticleAdjectivefeminine plural
הַֽשִׁבֳּלִ֖יםha·šib·bo·lîmonesH7641
√ shibbôl — a stream (as flowing)ArticleNounfeminine plural
וָֽאֹמַר֙wā·’ō·marI toldH559
√ ʼâmar — to say (used with great latitude)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectfirst person common singular
אֶל־’el-this [dream] toH413
√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition
הַֽחַרְטֻמִּ֔יםha·ḥar·ṭum·mîmthe magiciansH2748
√ charṭôm — a horoscopist (as drawing magical lines or circles)ArticleNounmasculine plural
הַחַרְטֻמִּים (H2748) — “the magicians.” Egypt’s professional wise men, helpless here as they will be before Moses; the contrast exalts the Hebrew interpreter.
וְאֵ֥יןwə·’ênbut noH369
√ ʼayin — a non-entityConjunctive wawAdverb
מַגִּ֖ידmag·gîḏone could explain itH5046
√ nâgad — properly, to front, iVerbHifilParticiplemasculine singular
מַגִּיד (H5046, nāḡaḏ) — “one declaring.” The hinge word: none could declare (v. 24); God has declared (v. 25). Revelation, not divination, breaks the silence.
לִֽי׃to me
Prepositionfirst person common singular
25

At this, Joseph said to Pharaoh, “The dreams of Pharaoh are one and the same. God has revealed to Pharaoh what He is about to do.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

yō·w·sêp̄ way·yō·mer ’el- par·‘ōh ḥă·lō·wm par·‘ōh ’e·ḥāḏ hū ’êṯ hā·’ĕ·lō·hîm hig·gîḏ lə·p̄ar·‘ōh ’ă·šer ‘ō·śeh

Word by word14 · parsed
יוֹסֵף֙yō·w·sêp̄At this, JosephH3130
√ Yôwçêph — Joseph, the name of seven IsraelitesNounpropermasculine singular
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרway·yō·mersaidH559
√ ʼâmar — to say (used with great latitude)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
אֶל־’el-toH413
√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition
פַּרְעֹ֔הpar·‘ōhPharaohH6547
√ Parʻôh — Paroh, a general title of Egyptian kingsNounpropermasculine singular
חֲל֥וֹםḥă·lō·wmThe dreamsH2472
√ chălôwm — a dreamNounmasculine singular construct
פַּרְעֹ֖הpar·‘ōhof PharaohH6547
√ Parʻôh — Paroh, a general title of Egyptian kingsNounpropermasculine singular
אֶחָ֣ד’e·ḥāḏare one and the sameH259
√ ʼechâd — properly, united, iNumbermasculine singular
אֶחָד (H259) — “one.” The interpretive key: the doubled dream is a single decree, its repetition a measure of certainty (cf. v. 32).
ה֑וּא. . .H1931
√ hûwʼ — he (she or it)Pronounthird person masculine singular
אֵ֣ת’êṯH853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
הָאֱלֹהִ֛יםhā·’ĕ·lō·hîmGodH430
√ ʼĕlôhîym — gods in the ordinary senseArticleNounmasculine plural
הָאֱלֹהִים (H430) — “the God,” articular. Joseph names the true God to a king who worshipped the Nile and the sun; the whole interpretation is a confession.
הִגִּ֥ידhig·gîḏhas revealedH5046
√ nâgad — properly, to front, iVerbHifilPerfectthird person masculine singular
הִגִּיד (H5046, Hiphil nāḡaḏ) — “He has declared.” The same root the magicians could not supply (v. 24); what Egypt’s wisdom failed to declare, God Himself declares through His servant.
לְפַרְעֹֽה׃lə·p̄ar·‘ōhto PharaohH6547
√ Parʻôh — Paroh, a general title of Egyptian kingsPreposition-lNounpropermasculine singular
אֲשֶׁ֧ר’ă·šerwhatH834
√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative
עֹשֶׂ֖ה‘ō·śehHe is about to doH6213
√ ʻâsâh — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest applicationVerbQalParticiplemasculine singular
עֹשֶׂה (H6213, ʻāśāh) — “is doing.” God is the actor; the dream merely shows what He is already bringing to pass.
26

The seven good cows are seven years, and the seven ripe heads of grain are seven years. The dreams have the same meaning.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

še·ḇa‘ haṭ·ṭō·ḇōṯ pā·rōṯ še·ḇa‘ šā·nîm hên·nāh wə·še·ḇa‘ haṭ·ṭō·ḇōṯ haš·šib·bo·lîm še·ḇa‘ šā·nîm hên·nāh ḥă·lō·wm ’e·ḥāḏ hū

Word by word15 · parsed
שֶׁ֧בַעše·ḇa‘The sevenH7651
√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Numberfeminine singular
הַטֹּבֹ֗תhaṭ·ṭō·ḇōṯgoodH2896
√ ṭôwb — good (as an adjective) in the widest senseArticleAdjectivefeminine plural
הַטֹּבֹת (H2896, ṭôḇ) — “the good ones.” The Edenic word for “good” marks the fat years; their abundance is a gift, not an accident.
פָּרֹ֣תpā·rōṯcowsH6510
√ pârâh — a heiferNounfeminine plural
שֶׁ֤בַעše·ḇa‘are sevenH7651
√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Numberfeminine singular
שָׁנִים֙šā·nîmyearsH8141
√ shâneh — a year (as a revolution of time)Nounfeminine plural
שָׁנִים (H8141) — “years.” The unit of the prophecy; seven and seven, fourteen years read off a single night’s sleep.
הֵ֔נָּהhên·nāh. . .H2007
√ hênnâh — themselves (often used emphatic for the copula, also in indirect relation)Pronounthird person feminine plural
וְשֶׁ֤בַעwə·še·ḇa‘and the sevenH7651
√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Conjunctive wawNumberfeminine singular
הַטֹּבֹ֔תhaṭ·ṭō·ḇōṯripeH2896
√ ṭôwb — good (as an adjective) in the widest senseArticleAdjectivefeminine plural
הַֽשִּׁבֳּלִים֙haš·šib·bo·lîmheads of grainH7641
√ shibbôl — a stream (as flowing)ArticleNounfeminine plural
שֶׁ֥בַעše·ḇa‘are sevenH7651
√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Numberfeminine singular
שָׁנִ֖יםšā·nîmyearsH8141
√ shâneh — a year (as a revolution of time)Nounfeminine plural
הֵ֑נָּהhên·nāh. . .H2007
√ hênnâh — themselves (often used emphatic for the copula, also in indirect relation)Pronounthird person feminine plural
חֲל֖וֹםḥă·lō·wmThe dreamsH2472
√ chălôwm — a dreamNounmasculine singular
אֶחָ֥ד’e·ḥāḏhave the same meaningH259
√ ʼechâd — properly, united, iNumbermasculine singular
אֶחָד (H259) — “one.” The refrain of unity; the interpretation is bracketed by it (vv. 25, 26).
הֽוּא׃. . .H1931
√ hûwʼ — he (she or it)Pronounthird person masculine singular
27

Moreover, the seven thin, ugly cows that came up after them are seven years, and so are the seven worthless heads of grain scorched by the east wind—they are seven years of famine.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wə·še·ḇa‘ hā·raq·qō·wṯ wə·hā·rā·‘ōṯ hap·pā·rō·wṯ hā·‘ō·lōṯ ’a·ḥă·rê·hen še·ḇa‘ šā·nîm hên·nāh wə·še·ḇa‘ hā·rê·qō·wṯ ha·šib·bo·lîm šə·ḏu·p̄ō·wṯ haq·qā·ḏîm yih·yū še·ḇa‘ šə·nê rā·‘āḇ

Word by word18 · parsed
וְשֶׁ֣בַעwə·še·ḇa‘Moreover, the sevenH7651
√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Conjunctive wawNumberfeminine singular
הָֽרַקּ֨וֹתhā·raq·qō·wṯthinH7534
√ raq — emaciated (as if flattened out)ArticleAdjectivefeminine plural
וְהָרָעֹ֜תwə·hā·rā·‘ōṯuglyH7451
√ raʻ — bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)Conjunctive waw, ArticleAdjectivefeminine plural
הַ֠פָּרוֹתhap·pā·rō·wṯcowsH6510
√ pârâh — a heiferArticleNounfeminine plural
הָעֹלֹ֣תhā·‘ō·lōṯthat came upH5927
√ ʻâlâh — to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount)ArticleVerbQalParticiplefeminine plural
אַחֲרֵיהֶ֗ן’a·ḥă·rê·henafter themH310
√ ʼachar — properly, the hind partPrepositionthird person feminine plural
שֶׁ֤בַעše·ḇa‘are sevenH7651
√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Numberfeminine singular
שָׁנִים֙šā·nîmyearsH8141
√ shâneh — a year (as a revolution of time)Nounfeminine plural
הֵ֔נָּהhên·nāhand so areH2007
√ hênnâh — themselves (often used emphatic for the copula, also in indirect relation)Pronounthird person feminine plural
וְשֶׁ֤בַעwə·še·ḇa‘the sevenH7651
√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Conjunctive wawNumberfeminine singular
הָרֵק֔וֹתhā·rê·qō·wṯworthlessH7386
√ rêyq — emptyArticleAdjectivefeminine plural
הָרֵקוֹת (H7386, rêq) — “empty.” The antonym of the “full” ears (v. 22); famine as hollowness.
הַֽשִׁבֳּלִים֙ha·šib·bo·lîmheads of grainH7641
√ shibbôl — a stream (as flowing)ArticleNounfeminine plural
שְׁדֻפ֖וֹתšə·ḏu·p̄ō·wṯscorchedH7710
√ shâdaph — to scorchVerbQalQalPassParticiplefeminine plural construct
הַקָּדִ֑יםhaq·qā·ḏîmby the east windH6921
√ qâdîym — the fore or front partArticleNounmasculine singular
יִהְי֕וּyih·yūthey areH1961
√ hâyâh — to exist, iVerbQalImperfectthird person masculine plural
יִהְיוּ (H1961) — “they shall be.” The verb of being whose root also stands behind the divine name; the famine is real and coming, yet held in the future tense that invites preparation.
שֶׁ֖בַעše·ḇa‘sevenH7651
√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Numberfeminine singular
שְׁנֵ֥יšə·nêyearsH8141
√ shâneh — a year (as a revolution of time)Nounfeminine plural construct
רָעָֽב׃rā·‘āḇof famineH7458
√ râʻâb — hunger (more or less extensive)Nounmasculine singular
רָעָב (H7458, rāʻāḇ) — “famine.” The dread word, introduced here and ringing through chs. 42–47; its sound shadows the raʻ (“evil”) of the lean cows.
28

It is just as I said to Pharaoh: God has shown Pharaoh what He is about to do.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

hū had·dā·ḇār ’ă·šer dib·bar·tî ’el- par·‘ōh hā·’ĕ·lō·hîm her·’āh ’eṯ- par·‘ōh ’ă·šer ‘ō·śeh

Word by word12 · parsed
ה֣וּאItH1931
√ hûwʼ — he (she or it)Pronounthird person masculine singular
הַדָּבָ֔רhad·dā·ḇār. . .H1697
√ dâbâr — a wordArticleNounmasculine singular
הַדָּבָר (H1697, dāḇār) — “the word / matter.” The term knits speech and event together; God’s word and God’s deed are inseparable, as v. 32 will say outright.
אֲשֶׁ֥ר’ă·šeris just asH834
√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative
דִּבַּ֖רְתִּיdib·bar·tîI saidH1696
√ dâbar — perhaps properly, to arrangeVerbPielPerfectfirst person common singular
אֶל־’el-toH413
√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition
פַּרְעֹ֑הpar·‘ōhPharaohH6547
√ Parʻôh — Paroh, a general title of Egyptian kingsNounpropermasculine singular
הָאֱלֹהִ֛יםhā·’ĕ·lō·hîmGodH430
√ ʼĕlôhîym — gods in the ordinary senseArticleNounmasculine plural
הָאֱלֹהִים (H430) — “the God,” articular and emphatic; the third such confession in four verses (vv. 25, 28).
הֶרְאָ֥הher·’āhhas shownH7200
√ râʼâh — to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)VerbHifilPerfectthird person masculine singular
הֶרְאָה (H7200, Hiphil rāʼāh) — “He has shown.” The causative of ‘to see’: God grants the sight Pharaoh’s own seeing (v. 19) could not yield meaning to.
אֶת־’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
פַּרְעֹֽה׃par·‘ōhPharaohH6547
√ Parʻôh — Paroh, a general title of Egyptian kingsNounpropermasculine singular
אֲשֶׁ֧ר’ă·šerwhatH834
√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative
עֹשֶׂ֖ה‘ō·śehHe is about to doH6213
√ ʻâsâh — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest applicationVerbQalParticiplemasculine singular
29

Behold, seven years of great abundance are coming throughout the land of Egypt,

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

hin·nêh še·ḇa‘ šā·nîm gā·ḏō·wl śā·ḇā‘ bā·’ō·wṯ bə·ḵāl ’e·reṣ miṣ·rā·yim

Word by word9 · parsed
הִנֵּ֛הhin·nêhBeholdH2009
√ hinnêh — lo!Interjection
שֶׁ֥בַעše·ḇa‘sevenH7651
√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Numberfeminine singular
שָׁנִ֖יםšā·nîmyearsH8141
√ shâneh — a year (as a revolution of time)Nounfeminine plural
גָּד֖וֹלgā·ḏō·wlof greatH1419
√ gâdôwl — great (in any sense)Adjectivemasculine singular
גָּדוֹל (H1419) — “great.” Superlative plenty, a mercy as extraordinary as the famine that follows is severe.
שָׂבָ֥עśā·ḇā‘abundanceH7647
√ sâbâʻ — copiousnessNounmasculine singular
שָׂבָע (H7647, śāḇāʻ) — “abundance.” A rare term (8 vv) shared with Prov 3:10 and Eccl 5:12; the link is verbal but its sense is the wisdom theme of God-given plenty and its limits.
בָּא֑וֹתbā·’ō·wṯare comingH935
√ bôwʼ — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)VerbQalParticiplefeminine plural
בָּאוֹת (H935, bôʼ) — “coming.” Henry and Benson alike mark the mercy of the order: God sends the plenty first, so provision may be made.
בְּכָל־bə·ḵālthroughoutH3605
√ kôl — properly, the wholePreposition-bNounmasculine singular construct
אֶ֥רֶץ’e·reṣthe landH776
√ ʼerets — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)Nounfeminine singular construct
מִצְרָֽיִם׃miṣ·rā·yimof EgyptH4714
√ Mitsrayim — Mitsrajim, iNounproperfeminine singular
30

but seven years of famine will follow them. Then all the abundance in the land of Egypt will be forgotten, and the famine will devastate the land.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

še·ḇa‘ šə·nê rā·‘āḇ wə·qā·mū ’a·ḥă·rê·hen kāl- haś·śā·ḇā‘ bə·’e·reṣ miṣ·rā·yim wə·niš·kaḥ hā·rā·‘āḇ ’eṯ- wə·ḵil·lāh hā·’ā·reṣ

Word by word14 · parsed
שֶׁ֜בַעše·ḇa‘but sevenH7651
√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Numberfeminine singular
שְׁנֵ֤יšə·nêyearsH8141
√ shâneh — a year (as a revolution of time)Nounfeminine plural construct
רָעָב֙rā·‘āḇof famineH7458
√ râʻâb — hunger (more or less extensive)Nounmasculine singular
וְ֠קָמוּwə·qā·mūwill followH6965
√ qûwm — to rise (in various applications, literal, figurative, intensive and causative)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person common plural
וְקָמוּ (H6965, qûm) — “they shall arise.” The famine years rise like adversaries; the verb Joseph’s own dreams used of sheaves that “stood up” (37:7) now stands up against the land.
אַחֲרֵיהֶ֔ן’a·ḥă·rê·henthemH310
√ ʼachar — properly, the hind partPrepositionthird person feminine plural
כָּל־kāl-Then allH3605
√ kôl — properly, the wholeNounmasculine singular construct
הַשָּׂבָ֖עhaś·śā·ḇā‘the abundanceH7647
√ sâbâʻ — copiousnessArticleNounmasculine singular
בְּאֶ֣רֶץbə·’e·reṣin the landH776
√ ʼerets — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)Preposition-bNounfeminine singular construct
מִצְרָ֑יִםmiṣ·rā·yimof EgyptH4714
√ Mitsrayim — Mitsrajim, iNounproperfeminine singular
וְנִשְׁכַּ֥חwə·niš·kaḥwill be forgottenH7911
√ shâkach — to mislay, iConjunctive wawVerbNifalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular
וְנִשְׁכַּח (H7911) — “shall be forgotten.” Benson: plenty “quite lost and swallowed up” — the same erasure the lean cows enacted (v. 21) now stated of the years.
הָרָעָ֖בhā·rā·‘āḇand the famineH7458
√ râʻâb — hunger (more or less extensive)ArticleNounmasculine singular
אֶת־’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
וְכִלָּ֥הwə·ḵil·lāhwill devastateH3615
√ kâlâh — to end, whether intransitive (to cease, be finished, perish) or transitived (to complete, prepare, consume)Conjunctive wawVerbPielConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular
וְכִלָּה (H3615, kālāh) — “shall consume/finish.” A verb of utter completion; the famine does not merely strain but threatens to end the land — the danger vv. 33–36 will move to avert.
הָאָֽרֶץ׃hā·’ā·reṣthe landH776
√ ʼerets — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)ArticleNounfeminine singular
31

The abundance in the land will not be remembered, since the famine that follows it will be so severe.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

haś·śā·ḇā‘ bā·’ā·reṣ wə·lō- yiw·wā·ḏa‘ mip·pə·nê ha·hū hā·rā·‘āḇ ’a·ḥă·rê- ḵên kî- mə·’ōḏ ḵā·ḇêḏ hū

Word by word13 · parsed
הַשָּׂבָע֙haś·śā·ḇā‘The abundanceH7647
√ sâbâʻ — copiousnessArticleNounmasculine singular
בָּאָ֔רֶץbā·’ā·reṣin the landH776
√ ʼerets — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)Preposition-b, ArticleNounfeminine singular
וְלֹֽא־wə·lō-will notH3808
√ lôʼ — not (the simple or absConjunctive wawAdverbNegative particle
יִוָּדַ֤עyiw·wā·ḏa‘be rememberedH3045
√ yâdaʻ — to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing)VerbNifalImperfectthird person masculine singular
יִוָּדַע (H3045, yādaʻ) — “shall be known.” The knowledge-root again (cf. vv. 21, 24); the plenty will be unknowable, swallowed without a trace.
מִפְּנֵ֛יmip·pə·nêsinceH6440
√ pânîym — the face (as the part that turns)Preposition-mNouncommon plural construct
הַה֖וּאha·hūtheH1931
√ hûwʼ — he (she or it)ArticlePronounthird person masculine singular
הָרָעָ֥בhā·rā·‘āḇfamineH7458
√ râʻâb — hunger (more or less extensive)ArticleNounmasculine singular
אַחֲרֵי־’a·ḥă·rê-that followsH310
√ ʼachar — properly, the hind partPreposition
כֵ֑ןḵênitH3651
√ kên — properly, set uprightAdverb
כִּֽי־kî-H3588
√ kîy — (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below)Conjunction
מְאֹֽד׃mə·’ōḏ[will be] soH3966
√ mᵉʼôd — properly, vehemence, iAdverb
מְאֹד (H3966) — “very.” The intensifier sealing the prophecy; the famine will be heavy beyond ordinary scarcity.
כָבֵ֥דḵā·ḇêḏsevereH3515
√ kâbêd — heavyAdjectivemasculine singular
כָבֵד (H3515, kāḇēḏ) — “heavy.” The weighty word for the famine, repeated when the famine actually falls (43:1; 47:4, 13); its gravity sets the plot of Genesis 42–50 in motion.
ה֖וּאH1931
√ hûwʼ — he (she or it)Pronounthird person masculine singular
32

Moreover, because the dream was given to Pharaoh in two versions, the matter has been decreed by God, and He will carry it out shortly.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wə·‘al kî- ha·ḥă·lō·wm pa·‘ă·mā·yim ’el- par·‘ōh hiš·šā·nō·wṯ had·dā·ḇār nā·ḵō·wn mê·‘im hā·’ĕ·lō·hîm hā·’ĕ·lō·hîm la·‘ă·śō·ṯōw ū·mə·ma·hêr

Word by word14 · parsed
וְעַ֨לwə·‘alMoreoverH5921
√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsConjunctive wawPreposition
הִשָּׁנוֹת (H8138, šānāh) — “the doubling.” The repeated dream is itself a sign: in Hebrew, a thing twice-witnessed is confirmed (cf. Deut 19:15). The form even chimes with šānāh, “year.”
כִּֽי־kî-becauseH3588
√ kîy — (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below)Conjunction
הַחֲל֛וֹםha·ḥă·lō·wmthe dreamH2472
√ chălôwm — a dreamArticleNounmasculine singular
פַּעֲמָ֑יִםpa·‘ă·mā·yimwas givenH6471
√ paʻam — a stroke, literally or figuratively (in various applications, as follow)Nounfd
אֶל־’el-toH413
√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition
פַּרְעֹ֖הpar·‘ōhPharaohH6547
√ Parʻôh — Paroh, a general title of Egyptian kingsNounpropermasculine singular
הִשָּׁנ֧וֹתhiš·šā·nō·wṯin two versionsH8138
√ shânâh — to fold, iVerbNifalInfinitive construct
הַדָּבָר֙had·dā·ḇārthe matterH1697
√ dâbâr — a wordArticleNounmasculine singular
נָכ֤וֹןnā·ḵō·wnhas been decreedH3559
√ kûwn — properly, to be erect (iVerbNifalParticiplemasculine singular
נָכוֹן (H3559, kûn) — “established.” The decree is settled in heaven; human response (vv. 33–36) cannot change the years, only meet them wisely.
מֵעִ֣םmê·‘imbyH5973
√ ʻim — adverb or preposition, with (iPreposition-m
הָאֱלֹהִ֔יםhā·’ĕ·lō·hîmGodH430
√ ʼĕlôhîym — gods in the ordinary senseArticleNounmasculine plural
הָאֱלֹהִ֖יםhā·’ĕ·lō·hîmand HeH430
√ ʼĕlôhîym — gods in the ordinary senseArticleNounmasculine plural
לַעֲשֹׂתֽוֹ׃la·‘ă·śō·ṯōwwill carry it outH6213
√ ʻâsâh — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest applicationPreposition-lVerbQalInfinitive constructthird person masculine singular
וּמְמַהֵ֥רū·mə·ma·hêrshortlyH4116
√ mâhar — properly, to be liquid or flow easily, iConjunctive wawVerbPielParticiplemasculine singular
וּמְמַהֵר (H4116, māhar) — “hastening.” Gill (with Usher) notes the plenty was reckoned from that very year; God’s decree is already in motion, leaving no time to waste.
33

Now, therefore, Pharaoh should look for a discerning and wise man and set him over the land of Egypt.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wə·‘at·tāh p̄ar·‘ōh yê·re nā·ḇō·wn wə·ḥā·ḵām ’îš wî·šî·ṯê·hū ‘al- ’e·reṣ miṣ·rā·yim

Word by word10 · parsed
וְעַתָּה֙wə·‘at·tāhNow, thereforeH6258
√ ʻattâh — at this time, whether adverb, conjunction or expletiveConjunctive wawAdverb
פַרְעֹ֔הp̄ar·‘ōhPharaohH6547
√ Parʻôh — Paroh, a general title of Egyptian kingsNounpropermasculine singular
יֵרֶ֣אyê·reshould look forH7200
√ râʼâh — to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)VerbQalImperfect Jussivethird person masculine singular
יֵרֶא (H7200, jussive rāʼāh) — “let him see out.” The interpreter turns counselor; Cambridge: “Joseph leaves the office of interpreter, and takes upon himself to give political counsel.”
נָב֣וֹןnā·ḇō·wna discerningH995
√ bîyn — to separate mentally (or distinguish), iVerbNifalParticiplemasculine singular
נָבוֹן (H995, bîn) — “discerning.” The wisdom-word; Joseph describes the office and, providentially, himself (cf. Pharaoh’s verdict, v. 39).
וְחָכָ֑םwə·ḥā·ḵāmand wiseH2450
√ châkâm — wise, (iConjunctive wawAdjectivemasculine singular
אִ֖ישׁ’îšmanH376
√ ʼîysh — a man as an individual or a male personNounmasculine singular
וִישִׁיתֵ֖הוּwî·šî·ṯê·hūand set himH7896
√ shîyth — to place (in a very wide application)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive imperfectthird person masculine singularthird person masculine singular
וִישִׁיתֵהוּ (H7896, šîṯ) — “let him set him.” To appoint over the land; the counsel becomes prophecy of Joseph’s own setting over Egypt.
עַל־‘al-overH5921
√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition
אֶ֥רֶץ’e·reṣthe landH776
√ ʼerets — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)Nounfeminine singular construct
מִצְרָֽיִם׃miṣ·rā·yimof EgyptH4714
√ Mitsrayim — Mitsrajim, iNounproperfeminine singular
34

Let Pharaoh take action and appoint commissioners over the land to take a fifth of the harvest of Egypt during the seven years of abundance.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

p̄ar·‘ōh ya·‘ă·śeh wə·yap̄·qêḏ pə·qi·ḏîm ‘al- hā·’ā·reṣ wə·ḥim·mêš ’eṯ- ’e·reṣ miṣ·ra·yim bə·še·ḇa‘ šə·nê haś·śā·ḇā‘

Word by word13 · parsed
פַרְעֹ֔הp̄ar·‘ōhLet PharaohH6547
√ Parʻôh — Paroh, a general title of Egyptian kingsNounpropermasculine singular
יַעֲשֶׂ֣הya·‘ă·śehtake actionH6213
√ ʻâsâh — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest applicationVerbQalImperfectthird person masculine singular
יַעֲשֶׂה (H6213, ʻāśāh) — “let him do/act.” The same verb used of what God “is doing” (vv. 25, 28); human action is now summoned to align with the divine deed.
וְיַפְקֵ֥דwə·yap̄·qêḏand appointH6485
√ pâqad — to visit (with friendly or hostile intent)Conjunctive wawVerbHifilConjunctive imperfect Jussivethird person masculine singular
וְיַפְקֵד (H6485, pāqaḏ) — “let him appoint/oversee.” A keyword of oversight and reckoning; it seeds the very next word and the “reserve” of v. 36.
פְּקִדִ֖יםpə·qi·ḏîmcommissionersH6496
√ pâqîyd — a superintendent (civil, military or religious)Nounmasculine plural
עַל־‘al-overH5921
√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition
הָאָ֑רֶץhā·’ā·reṣthe landH776
√ ʼerets — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)ArticleNounfeminine singular
וְחִמֵּשׁ֙wə·ḥim·mêšto take a fifthH2567
√ châmash — to tax a fifthConjunctive wawVerbPielConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular
וְחִמֵּשׁ (H2567) — “let him fifth (it).” A verb coined from “five”; Poole insists the levy was “not by force or violence, but by purchase.” Cambridge contrasts this special wartime measure (E) with the permanent fifth of 47:24 (J).
אֶת־’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
אֶ֣רֶץ’e·reṣof the harvestH776
√ ʼerets — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)Nounfeminine singular construct
מִצְרַ֔יִםmiṣ·ra·yimof EgyptH4714
√ Mitsrayim — Mitsrajim, iNounproperfeminine singular
בְּשֶׁ֖בַעbə·še·ḇa‘during the sevenH7651
√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Preposition-bNumberfeminine singular
שְׁנֵ֥יšə·nêyearsH8141
√ shâneh — a year (as a revolution of time)Nounfeminine plural construct
הַשָּׂבָֽע׃haś·śā·ḇā‘of abundanceH7647
√ sâbâʻ — copiousnessArticleNounmasculine singular
35

Under the authority of Pharaoh, let them collect all the excess food from these good years, that they may come and lay up the grain to be preserved as food in the cities.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

ta·ḥaṯ yaḏ- par·‘ōh wə·yiq·bə·ṣū ’eṯ- kāl- ’ō·ḵel hā·’êl·leh haṭ·ṭō·ḇōṯ haš·šā·nîm hab·bā·’ōṯ wə·yiṣ·bə·rū- ḇār wə·šā·mā·rū ’ō·ḵel be·‘ā·rîm

Word by word16 · parsed
תַּ֧חַתta·ḥaṯUnderH8478
√ tachath — the bottom (as depressed)Preposition
יַד־yaḏ-the authorityH3027
√ yâd — a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etcNounfeminine singular construct
יַד (H3027, yāḏ) — “hand.” “Under the hand of Pharaoh”: royal authority centralized. Cambridge notes the state granary “appears here for the first time in history.”
פַּרְעֹ֛הpar·‘ōhof PharaohH6547
√ Parʻôh — Paroh, a general title of Egyptian kingsNounpropermasculine singular
וְיִקְבְּצ֗וּwə·yiq·bə·ṣūlet them collectH6908
√ qâbats — to grasp, iConjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive imperfectthird person masculine plural
וְיִקְבְּצוּ (H6908, qāḇaṣ) — “let them gather.” The ingathering verb; the same act that will later draw all the earth to Egypt for bread (v. 57).
אֶת־’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
כָּל־kāl-allH3605
√ kôl — properly, the wholeNounmasculine singular construct
אֹ֙כֶל֙’ō·ḵelthe excess foodH400
√ ʼôkel — foodNounmasculine singular construct
הָאֵ֑לֶּהhā·’êl·lehfrom theseH428
√ ʼêl-leh — these or thoseArticlePronouncommon plural
הַטֹּבֹ֔תhaṭ·ṭō·ḇōṯgoodH2896
√ ṭôwb — good (as an adjective) in the widest senseArticleAdjectivefeminine plural
הַשָּׁנִ֣יםhaš·šā·nîmyearsH8141
√ shâneh — a year (as a revolution of time)ArticleNounfeminine plural
הַבָּאֹ֖תhab·bā·’ōṯthat they may comeH935
√ bôwʼ — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)ArticleVerbQalParticiplefeminine plural
וְיִצְבְּרוּ־wə·yiṣ·bə·rū-and lay upH6651
√ tsâbar — to aggregateConjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive imperfectthird person masculine plural
וְיִצְבְּרוּ (H6651, ṣāḇar) — “let them heap up.” To pile in great heaps; the scale of the storage matches the scale of the plenty (cf. v. 49).
בָ֞רḇārthe grainH1250
√ bâr — grain of any kind (even while standing in the field)Nounmasculine singular
וְשָׁמָֽרוּ׃wə·šā·mā·rūto be preservedH8104
√ shâmar — properly, to hedge about (as with thorns), iConjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person common plural
אֹ֥כֶל’ō·ḵelas foodH400
√ ʼôkel — foodNounmasculine singular
בֶּעָרִ֖יםbe·‘ā·rîmin the citiesH5892
√ ʻîyr — a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)Preposition-b, ArticleNounfeminine plural
36

This food will be a reserve for the land during the seven years of famine to come upon the land of Egypt. Then the country will not perish in the famine.”

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

hā·’ō·ḵel wə·hā·yāh lə·p̄iq·qā·ḏō·wn lā·’ā·reṣ lə·še·ḇa‘ šə·nê hā·rā·‘āḇ ’ă·šer tih·ye·nā bə·’e·reṣ miṣ·rā·yim hā·’ā·reṣ wə·lō- ṯik·kā·rêṯ bā·rā·‘āḇ

Word by word15 · parsed
הָאֹ֤כֶלhā·’ō·ḵelThis foodH400
√ ʼôkel — foodArticleNounmasculine singular
הָאֹכֶל (H400, ʼōḵel) — “the food.” The keyword of the storage plan; the whole machinery of state exists to hold ordinary bread against the day of need.
וְהָיָ֨הwə·hā·yāhwill beH1961
√ hâyâh — to exist, iConjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular
לְפִקָּדוֹן֙lə·p̄iq·qā·ḏō·wna reserveH6487
√ piqqâdôwn — a depositPreposition-lNounmasculine singular
לְפִקָּדוֹן (H6487, piqqāḏôn) — “for a reserve/deposit.” A rare legal term (3 vv: here, Lev 6:2, 6:4) for entrusted property; the shared rare lexeme verbally links the granaries of Egypt to the law of the entrusted deposit. It springs from the same root pāqaḏ as the “overseers” of v. 34.
לָאָ֔רֶץlā·’ā·reṣfor the landH776
√ ʼerets — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)Preposition-l, ArticleNounfeminine singular
לְשֶׁ֙בַע֙lə·še·ḇa‘during the sevenH7651
√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Preposition-lNumberfeminine singular
שְׁנֵ֣יšə·nêyearsH8141
√ shâneh — a year (as a revolution of time)Nounfeminine plural construct
הָרָעָ֔בhā·rā·‘āḇof famineH7458
√ râʻâb — hunger (more or less extensive)ArticleNounmasculine singular
אֲשֶׁ֥ר’ă·šerH834
√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative
תִּהְיֶ֖יןָtih·ye·nāto comeH1961
√ hâyâh — to exist, iVerbQalImperfectthird person feminine plural
בְּאֶ֣רֶץbə·’e·reṣupon the landH776
√ ʼerets — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)Preposition-bNounfeminine singular construct
מִצְרָ֑יִםmiṣ·rā·yimof EgyptH4714
√ Mitsrayim — Mitsrajim, iNounproperfeminine singular
הָאָ֖רֶץhā·’ā·reṣThen the countryH776
√ ʼerets — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)ArticleNounfeminine singular
וְלֹֽא־wə·lō-will notH3808
√ lôʼ — not (the simple or absConjunctive wawAdverbNegative particle
תִכָּרֵ֥תṯik·kā·rêṯperishH3772
√ kârath — to cut (off, down or asunder)VerbNifalImperfectthird person feminine singular
תִכָּרֵת (H3772, kāraṯ) — “be cut off.” A weighty covenant verb; Joseph’s plan keeps the land from being cut off — the same preservation that will keep the covenant family alive (45:7; 50:20).
בָּרָעָֽב׃bā·rā·‘āḇin the famineH7458
√ râʻâb — hunger (more or less extensive)Preposition-b, ArticleNounmasculine singular

The verse-by-verse work is done. What follows gathers the whole unit. All three layers below are machine-generated (⚙). Weigh them; they have no authority.

Grand Commentary — the unit, read whole

synthesis · verify

AI synthesis — woven from the public-domain voices above and the original text; generated and fallible.

i. From the pit to the palace — 14

The unit opens at a run. Pharaoh “sent and called Joseph, and they made him run” (וַיְרִיצֻהוּ, H7323) out of הַבּוֹר — “the pit,” the very kind of word used for the cistern his brothers cast him into (37:24). Jamieson, Fausset & Brown name the hinge precisely: “Now that God’s set time had come (Ps 105:19), no human power nor policy could detain Joseph in prison.” Ellicott relays Abravanel’s reading that each suffering met its exact recompense — “They cast him into a pit, and from the pit of the prison he was drawn forth by Pharaoh” — though that symmetry is the medieval commentator’s, not the text’s explicit claim. The shaving (וַיְגַלַּח, H1548) and the change of garments are, per Ellicott and the Pulpit Commentary citing Herodotus, simple Egyptian custom — yet they mark a third great change of clothes in Joseph’s life. The Geneva Bible draws the sharp human lesson: “The wicked seek the prophets of God in their time of need, while in their prosperity they abhor them.”

ii. “Not I — God” — 15–16

Pharaoh credits Joseph with the power: “you hear a dream to interpret it.” Keil & Delitzsch render the idiom — “thou only needest to hear a dream, and thou canst at once interpret it.” Joseph’s reply begins with a single Hebrew word of self-erasure, בִּלְעָדָי (H1107), “apart from me,” and immediately names אֱלֹהִים (H430), God. Jamieson, Fausset & Brown: “disclaiming all merit, he ascribed whatever gifts or sagacity he possessed to the divine source of all wisdom.” Benson draws the moral that governs the whole scene: “Great gifts then appear most graceful and illustrious, when those that have them use them humbly… and give it to God.” The Geneva gloss reads his heart: “if I interpret your dream it comes from God, and not from me.” The promised result is שְׁלוֹם — not merely an answer but Pharaoh’s peace.

iii. The doubled dream retold — 17–24

Pharaoh recounts (וַיְדַבֵּר, H1696) what he saw on the “lip of the Nile” (שְׂפַת הַיְאֹר). JFB notes the dreams are “purely Egyptian,” framed by the river on which all Egypt’s fertility hangs and the oxen that were Egypt’s very hieroglyph for food. The retelling is not identical to the narrator’s (vv. 1–7): Ellicott observes that Pharaoh “describes his dreams at greater length,” adding the wasted look of the lean cows (דַּלּוֹת) and his own horrified verdict, “such as I never saw… for badness.” Two rare words anchor the scene to the wider canon: the cows graze in the אָחוּ (H260, “reed-grass”), a word found only here, in v. 2, and in Job 8:11; and the blighted ears are צְנֻמוֹת (H6798), a word that occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament — Ellicott guesses “stony,” while Cambridge records that the LXX and Vulgate simply drop it. The lean ears are “scorched by the east wind” (קָדִים), which JFB calls “a hot, blighting wind.” Egypt’s magicians (חַרְטֻמִּים) cannot declare (מַגִּיד) the meaning — the exact word Joseph will claim for God in the next breath.

iv. “The dream is one” — the interpretation — 25–32

Joseph’s first word is the key: אֶחָד הוּא, “it is one” — two dreams, one decree. Albert Barnes catches the polemic in the article: “What the God is about to do… the one true, living, eternal God, in opposition to all false gods.” The Pulpit Commentary observes that the magicians’ failure “was the best proof that Joseph spoke from inspiration.” The decoding is arithmetic and bald — cow = year, ear = year (v. 26) — running up to fourteen years read off one night’s sleep. Then the famine word enters: רָעָב (H7458), whose consonants shadow the raʻ (“evil”) of the lean cattle. Benson marvels at the mercy of sequence: “the goodness of God, in sending the seven years of plenty before those of famine, that provision might be made.” The interpretation closes on its own ground of certainty (v. 32): the doubling means the word is נָכוֹן — “established,” which Cambridge ties to “Thy throne is established” (Ps 93:2) — and God is hastening (וּמְמַהֵר) to do it.

v. The counsel: a fifth against the famine — 33–36

The interpreter becomes the statesman. Cambridge: “Joseph leaves the office of interpreter, and takes upon himself to give political counsel.” He asks the king to see out (יֵרֶא) a man “discerning and wise” (נָבוֹן) — describing, all unknowing, himself. The plan turns on roots: פָּקַד (oversight) yields the “overseers” of v. 34 and the “reserve” of v. 36, and the number five becomes a verb — וְחִמֵּשׁ, “let him fifth the land.” Poole guards Joseph’s integrity: the levy was “not by force or violence… but by purchase at the common price.” Cambridge marks a milestone of civilization — “the establishment of state granaries appears here for the first time in history” — and reads the measure through source criticism, distinguishing the emergency fifth here (E) from the permanent fifth of 47:24 (J); that source-critical framing is the commentator’s, not the text’s. The stored food is named a פִקָּדוֹן (H6487) — a “deposit,” a trust — so that the land “shall not be cut off” (תִכָּרֵת). Gill cites the pagan historian Justin as an outside witness: but for Joseph’s edict, “all Egypt would have perished with the famine.”

Read under Sola Scriptura — this tool’s own fallible reading (⚙)

Read under the rule that Scripture alone is the final authority, this scene preaches a doctrine of providence before it teaches a policy of grain. Offered as a reading to be tested, not a verdict to be trusted: God governs history through ordinary means and unlikely men. A forgotten prisoner, a pagan king’s nightmare, an Egyptian custom of shaving, a tax of one-fifth — these are the instruments by which the LORD keeps a famine from cutting off the land, and through it the family that carries the covenant promise. The interpreter points away from himself. Joseph’s opening word is “not I” (בִּלְעָדָי); his second is “God.” He will not hold the credit even when a throne might be the reward — and it is precisely the man who refuses the glory who is fit to be trusted with the land. The doubled dream is a doctrine of the sure word. Because the dream came twice, “the thing is established by God, and God is hastening to do it” (v. 32): what God has spoken He will perform, and the only question left to men is whether they will act wisely in the light of it. Foreknowledge does not cancel labor; it commissions it. The seven years of plenty are no excuse for ease but a summons to gather, heap up, and keep. Grace and grain are both gifts — and both must be received with open, working hands.

The man whose first word is “not I” is the one God can safely set over all the land.

Canonical Threads — out to the whole of Scripture

cross-refs · verify

AI-generated connections. Each carries a verification badge with a recorded basis; contested links are flagged.

The marsh-grass that needs the mire — Genesis 41 ↔ Job 8:11 verbal / quotation — confirmed

The fat cows graze in the אָחוּ (H260, ʼāḥû, “reed-grass”), a word so rare it appears in only three verses of the whole Hebrew Bible — twice in Pharaoh’s dream (vv. 2, 18) and once in Bildad’s proverb: “Can the rush grow up without mire? Can the flag grow without water?” (Job 8:11). The Verifier flags the shared rare lexeme as a confirmed verbal link. The resonance is more than vocabulary: both passages make the same point — life and fatness depend wholly on water, and where the Nile fails, all the lush ʼāḥû withers. Egypt’s plenty, like Job’s rush, has no root in itself.

Genesis 41:18 · Genesis 41:2 · Job 8:11

basis: shared rare lexeme H260 ʼâchûw — reed/marsh-grass (only 3 vv in OT); a verbal contact, not a quotation

The word for plenty — Genesis 41 ↔ the wisdom books structural / thematic — confirmed

The “great abundance” of the seven good years is שָׂבָע (H7647, śāḇāʻ), a relatively rare noun (8 verses). It is the wisdom literature’s word for God-given fullness: “so shall thy barns be filled with plenty” (Prov 3:10), and the sober counterweight, “the abundance of the rich will not suffer him to sleep” (Eccl 5:12). The Verifier scores the shared lexeme as confirmed. Genesis narrates as event what Proverbs promises as blessing and Ecclesiastes weighs as vanity — the same plenty, seen from three angles: granted, sought, and finally relativized by the famine and the grave.

Genesis 41:29 · Proverbs 3:10 · Ecclesiastes 5:12

basis: shared lexeme H7647 sâbâʻ — abundance/satiety (8 vv); the Verifier rates it ‘verbal — confirmed,’ but it is downgraded here: the contact is a shared theme-word across narrative and wisdom genres with no quotation claim, so ‘thematic’ is the honest tier

The doubled dream and the established word — Genesis 41 ↔ the prophets structural / thematic — confirmed

Joseph reads the repetition of the dream as proof of certainty: “the matter is נָכוֹן (H3559, ‘established, fixed’) with God” (v. 32). Cambridge points the canonical echo by name — the same root sounds in “Thy throne is established of old” (Ps 93:2) and the steadfast “as sure as the morning” of Hosea 6:3. This is a structural-thematic link, not a verbal quotation across these books: the shared idea is that what God has firmly fixed He will surely perform. The doubled sign of Genesis 41 anticipates the prophetic confidence that God’s decreed word does not return void (Isa 55:11).

Genesis 41:32 · Psalm 93:2 · Hosea 6:3

basis: shared motif of God’s word/throne being nâkôn (H3559, ‘established’); Cambridge names the parallel — thematic, no quotation claim

The grain stored as a sacred trust — Genesis 41:36 ↔ Leviticus 6 verbal / quotation — confirmed

The stored food is named a פִקָּדוֹן (H6487, piqqāḏôn, “deposit, thing entrusted”), a rare legal term occurring in only three verses. The other two are in the law of the guilt-offering, where a man sins by dealing falsely with his neighbor “in a deposit” entrusted to his keeping (Lev 6:2, 4). The Verifier confirms the shared rare lexeme. The link reframes Joseph’s granaries theologically: Egypt’s reserve is not the king’s plunder but a trust held for the people’s life — the same word the Torah uses for property a man must guard in good faith. To embezzle the deposit is sin; to keep it faithfully is to save a nation.

Genesis 41:36 · Leviticus 6:2 · Leviticus 6:4

basis: shared rare lexeme H6487 piqqâdôwn — entrusted deposit (only 3 vv in OT); a genuine verbal/legal contact, not a citation

Ears of grain, floods of water — Genesis 41:22 ↔ Psalm 69:15 flagged — verify source

The seven good ears are שִׁבֳּלִים (H7641, šibbōl). The same noun-form carries a second sense in the Hebrew Bible — a flowing stream or flood — as in the psalmist’s cry, “let not the floodwater (שִׁבֹּלֶת) overflow me, neither let the deep swallow me up” (Ps 69:15). The Verifier records the shared lexeme. This is a sound-and-form link, not a quotation: the consonants of grain-ear and torrent coincide. It is worth flagging as a curiosity of the lexicon rather than a deliberate intertextual claim — the senses are distinct, and the connection is verbal-formal, not semantic.

Genesis 41:22 · Psalm 69:15

basis: shared form H7641 shibbôl, but the sense differs (grain-ear vs. floodstream); a homonymous lexical coincidence, not a thematic or quotational link — left flagged

Christ in the Unittypology · verify

AI-generated reading; weigh it against the text.

The rejected brother who becomes the world’s bread ancient/widely-held

Joseph is drawn out of the pit (הַבּוֹר), the same word for the cistern his brothers used to be rid of him, and is set over all the land to keep a starving world alive. The pattern — rejected by his own, raised by the king, made the giver of bread to all who come — has been read since the Fathers as a figure of Christ, who was rejected by His brethren (John 1:11), exalted by the Father, and gives Himself as “the bread of life” (John 6:35). Matthew Henry voices the ancient hope at v. 33: “Some translate Joseph’s new name, the saviour of the world.” The famine that drives all nations to Joseph’s storehouse foreshadows the hunger that brings all peoples to Christ. Held honestly: this is a typological reading, not a claim that Genesis cites Christ.

Genesis 41:14 · Genesis 41:33 · John 6:35

“Not I — God”: the interpreter who points away from himself widely-held

Joseph will not take the glory: “Not I (בִּלְעָדָי); God will give Pharaoh an answer of peace (שְׁלוֹם)” (v. 16). Benson: gifts are “most graceful… when those that have them use them humbly… and give it to God.” The posture is the mind of Christ, who said, “the Son can do nothing of Himself” and “My doctrine is not Mine, but His that sent Me” (John 5:19; 7:16) — the perfect Servant who, like Joseph, sought the Sender’s glory, not His own, and whose answer to a broken world is shalom, peace. Held honestly: the connection is thematic and typological, drawing the self-effacing servant of Genesis toward the self-emptying Servant of the Gospels (Phil 2:7).

Genesis 41:16 · John 5:19 · Philippians 2:7

The food kept as a deposit, that the land not be cut off ancient/widely-held

The grain is stored as a פִקָּדוֹן (a “deposit,” v. 36), “that the land perish not” — literally, that it “not be cut off” (תִכָּרֵת) by the famine. Joseph’s own later testimony names the deeper purpose: “God sent me before you to preserve life… to save your lives by a great deliverance” (45:5, 7); “God meant it for good… to save much people alive” (50:20). The preservation of life through one entrusted man is read typologically as the gospel in shadow: the One who keeps His people from being cut off, in whom “are hid all the treasures” (Col 2:3), guards the deposit of life and gives it freely in the day of need. Held honestly: a figural reading, ancient and widely held, to be weighed against the text rather than imposed on it.

Genesis 41:36 · Genesis 45:7 · Genesis 50:20

Apparatus & Provenance

The biblical text is the Berean Standard Bible (BSB), public domain (CC0). Hebrew/Greek text, transliteration, morphology and Strong’s are transcribed from the Berean interlinear (CC0) + Strong’s lexicons (PD); the literal renderings, divergence notes, word notes and all synthesis are this tool’s own work (⚙) — fallible; verify them.

Named voices, quoted verbatim from public-domain works:

  • Albert Barnes, Notes on the Bible (1834)
  • Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges, (1880s)
  • Charles Ellicott, Commentary for English Readers (1878)
  • Geneva Study Bible, Marginal Notes (1599)
  • Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory (1871)
  • John Gill, Exposition of the Entire Bible (1746–63)
  • Joseph Benson, Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1810s)
  • Keil & Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament (1860s)
  • Matthew Henry, Concise Commentary on the Whole Bible (1706)
  • Matthew Poole, Annotations upon the Holy Bible (1685)
  • The Pulpit Commentary, Spence & Exell, eds. (1880s)

The biblical text is the Berean Standard Bible (BSB), public domain (CC0). The Hebrew parsing, transliteration, Strong’s numbers, and glosses are drawn from the Berean/Strong’s data and are not contradicted here. The named voices are quoted verbatim from public-domain works (Matthew Henry, Albert Barnes, Jamieson-Fausset-Brown, Matthew Poole, John Gill, the Geneva Study Bible, Keil & Delitzsch, the Cambridge Bible, the Pulpit Commentary, Joseph Benson, and Charles Ellicott), attributed in place; each excerpt is a contiguous substring of its source.

Honesty notes specific to this unit: (1) Two Hebrew words here are genuinely uncertain. צְנֻמוֹת (v. 23, H6798) is a hapax legomenon — it occurs nowhere else in the Old Testament; Ellicott guesses “stony,” Gill records “small,” “empty,” even “images,” and Cambridge notes the LXX and Vulgate omit it. The BSB’s “withered” is a reasonable rendering of a true crux, not a certain one. (2) The Cambridge Bible reads the chapter through the Documentary Hypothesis (E vs. J sources), e.g. on the “fifth” of v. 34; that source-critical framing is the commentator’s scholarly position, presented as one reading and not endorsed as the text’s own claim. (3) Ellicott’s “exact recompense” schema (v. 14) is relayed from the medieval commentator Abravanel and is a homiletical pattern, not stated by Genesis. (4) The cross-reference to Psalm 69:15 (v. 22) rests on a homonymous coincidence — שִׁבֳּל meaning both “ear of grain” and “floodstream” — and is therefore left flagged rather than asserted as a thematic link. (5) The wisdom-plenty link (v. 29 ↔ Prov 3:10; Eccl 5:12, on the shared word שָׂבָע, H7647) was downgraded from the Verifier’s “verbal — confirmed” to “structural / thematic — confirmed”: the shared word spans different genres with no quotation between them, so the honest tier is a shared theme, not a citation. (6) The ⚙ synthesis layer (literal renderings, divergences, notes, grand commentary, threads, Christ readings) is this tool’s own fallible work, marked as such and offered to be tested against the Word.

= human, public-domain source, quoted and named. = machine synthesis, to be verified. Flagged cross-references are left visible on purpose — the verifier working in the open. “Search the Scriptures daily, whether those things were so.” (Acts 17:11)