The Fallible Study Bible

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Genesis7:1–24

The Great Flood

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Genesis 7:1–24 — The Great Flood. Each verse below carries the full apparatus: the Berean Standard Bible, the vocalized original (tap any word), and a parsed breakdown of every term transcribed from the interlinear. Synthesized commentary, canonical threads, and the reading of Christ gather at the end, over the whole unit.

1

Then the LORD said to Noah, “Go into the ark, you and all your family, because I have found you righteous in this generation.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

Yah·weh way·yō·mer lə·nō·aḥ bō- ’el- hat·tê·ḇāh ’at·tāh wə·ḵāl bê·ṯə·ḵā kî- rā·’î·ṯî ’ō·ṯə·ḵā ṣad·dîq lə·p̄ā·nay haz·zeh bad·dō·wr

Word by word16 · parsed
יְהוָה֙Yah·wehThen the LORDH3068
√ Yᵉhôvâh — Jehovah, Jewish national name of GodNounpropermasculine singular
YHWH — the covenant name, not Elohim. The shift to the personal name as God moves to rescue Noah is deliberate; Keil argues against the documentary reading that makes the name-change evidence of separate sources.
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרway·yō·mersaidH559
√ ʼâmar — to say (used with great latitude)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
לְנֹ֔חַlə·nō·aḥto NoahH5146
√ Nôach — Noach, the patriarch of the floodPreposition-lNounpropermasculine singular
בֹּֽא־bō-GoH935
√ bôwʼ — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)VerbQalImperativemasculine singular
, Qal imperative of bôʼ — “come/go.” The same root recurs through the chapter (vv.7, 9, 13, 15) for every entrance into the ark; the unit is built on the verb of coming in.
אֶל־’el-intoH413
√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition
הַתֵּבָ֑הhat·tê·ḇāhthe arkH8392
√ têbâh — a boxArticleNounfeminine singular
têbāh (H8392) — “a box,” a vessel meant only to float, not to sail; the same rare word names the basket that carried the infant Moses (Exodus 2:3). Both arks bear a deliverer through deadly water.
אַתָּ֥ה’at·tāhyouH859
√ ʼattâh — thou and thee, or (plural) ye and youPronounsecond person masculine singular
וְכָל־wə·ḵāland allH3605
√ kôl — properly, the wholeConjunctive wawNounmasculine singular construct
בֵּיתְךָ֖bê·ṯə·ḵāyour familyH1004
√ bayith — a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etcNounmasculine singular constructsecond person masculine singular
כִּֽי־kî-becauseH3588
√ kîy — (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below)Conjunction
— “because.” The ground of the summons is not Noah’s effort but God’s prior verdict of righteousness.
רָאִ֛יתִיrā·’î·ṯîI have foundH7200
√ râʼâh — to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)VerbQalPerfectfirst person common singular
אֹתְךָ֥’ō·ṯə·ḵāyouH853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object markersecond person masculine singular
צַדִּ֥יקṣad·dîqrighteousH6662
√ tsaddîyq — justAdjectivemasculine singular
ṣaddîq (H6662) — “righteous, just.” The first occurrence of this word in the Bible was Genesis 6:9, of Noah; here God Himself pronounces it. The commentators (Gill, Benson, Henry) all read it as the righteousness of faith of Hebrews 11:7, not of works.
לְפָנַ֖יlə·p̄ā·nayH6440
√ pânîym — the face (as the part that turns)Preposition-lNounmasculine plural constructfirst person common singular
הַזֶּֽה׃haz·zehin thisH2088
√ zeh — the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or thatArticlePronounmasculine singular
בַּדּ֥וֹרbad·dō·wrgenerationH1755
√ dôwr — properly, a revolution of time, iPreposition-b, ArticleNounmasculine singular
dôr — “generation,” literally “a revolution of time.” “In this generation” marks Noah’s righteousness as exceptional against the corrupt age around him.
2

You are to take with you seven pairs of every kind of clean animal, a male and its mate; a pair of every kind of unclean animal, a male and its mate;

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

lə·ḵā tiq·qaḥ- šiḇ·‘āh šiḇ·‘āh mik·kōl haṭ·ṭə·hō·w·rāh hab·bə·hê·māh ’îš wə·’iš·tōw hî šə·na·yim ū·min- ’ă·šer lō ṭə·hō·rāh hab·bə·hê·māh ’îš wə·’iš·tōw

Word by word18 · parsed
לְךָ֛lə·ḵāYou
Prepositionsecond person masculine singular
תִּֽקַּח־tiq·qaḥ-{are to} take with youH3947
√ lâqach — to take (in the widest variety of applications)VerbQalImperfectsecond person masculine singular
tiqqaḥ, “you shall take” — but Keil and the Pulpit Commentary stress that in vv.9, 15 the animals came to Noah by divine instinct; Noah’s “taking” is really God’s gathering.
שִׁבְעָ֥הšiḇ·‘āhseven pairs ofH7651
√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Numbermasculine singular
שִׁבְעָ֖הšiḇ·‘āh. . .H7651
√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Numbermasculine singular
מִכֹּ֣ל׀mik·kōlevery kind ofH3605
√ kôl — properly, the wholePreposition-mNounmasculine singular construct
הַטְּהוֹרָ֗הhaṭ·ṭə·hō·w·rāhcleanH2889
√ ṭâhôwr — pure (in a physical, chemical, ceremonial or moral sense)ArticleAdjectivefeminine singular
ṭāhôr (H2889) — “pure,” physical, ceremonial, or moral. The same root marks both the clean beast here and moral purity elsewhere; the flood narrative quietly assumes worship will resume (Genesis 8:20).
הַבְּהֵמָ֣הhab·bə·hê·māhanimalH929
√ bᵉhêmâh — properly, a dumb beastArticleNounfeminine singular
אִ֣ישׁ’îša maleH376
√ ʼîysh — a man as an individual or a male personNounmasculine singular
’îš — “a man,” here applied to an animal mate. The choice of the human word for “male” is striking and deliberate.
וְאִשְׁתּ֑וֹwə·’iš·tōwand its mateH802
√ ʼishshâh — a womanConjunctive wawNounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular
הִ֛ואH1931
√ hûwʼ — he (she or it)Pronounthird person feminine singular
שְׁנַ֖יִםšə·na·yima pairH8147
√ shᵉnayim — twoNumbermd
šənayim — “two/a pair.” For the unclean, the bare minimum for survival; for the clean, an abundance for both breeding and sacrifice.
וּמִן־ū·min-ofH4480
√ min — properly, a part ofConjunctive wawPreposition
אֲ֠שֶׁר’ă·šer[every kind of]H834
√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative
לֹ֣אvvvH3808
√ lôʼ — not (the simple or absAdverbNegative particle
טְהֹרָ֥הṭə·hō·rāhuncleanH2889
√ ṭâhôwr — pure (in a physical, chemical, ceremonial or moral sense)Adjectivefeminine singular
הַבְּהֵמָ֡הhab·bə·hê·māhanimalH929
√ bᵉhêmâh — properly, a dumb beastArticleNounfeminine singular
אִ֥ישׁ’îša maleH376
√ ʼîysh — a man as an individual or a male personNounmasculine singular
וְאִשְׁתּֽוֹ׃wə·’iš·tōwand its mateH802
√ ʼishshâh — a womanConjunctive wawNounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular
3

and seven pairs of every kind of bird of the air, male and female, to preserve their offspring on the face of all the earth.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

gam šiḇ·‘āh mê·‘ō·wp̄ haš·šā·ma·yim šiḇ·‘āh zā·ḵār ū·nə·qê·ḇāh lə·ḥay·yō·wṯ ze·ra‘ ‘al- pə·nê ḵāl hā·’ā·reṣ

Word by word13 · parsed
גַּ֣םgamandH1571
√ gam — properly, assemblageConjunction
gam — “also,” linking the birds to the clean beasts of v.2; Poole supplies “of clean fowls, which he leaves to be understood out of the foregoing verse.”
שִׁבְעָ֖הšiḇ·‘āhseven [pairs]H7651
√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Numbermasculine singular
מֵע֧וֹףmê·‘ō·wp̄of [every kind of] birdH5775
√ ʻôwph — a bird (as covered with feathers, or rather as covering with wings), often collectivelyPreposition-mNounmasculine singular construct
הַשָּׁמַ֛יִםhaš·šā·ma·yimof the airH8064
√ shâmayim — the sky (as aloftArticleNounmasculine plural
שִׁבְעָ֥הšiḇ·‘āhH7651
√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Numbermasculine singular
זָכָ֣רzā·ḵārmaleH2145
√ zâkâr — properly, remembered, iNounmasculine singular
וּנְקֵבָ֑הū·nə·qê·ḇāhand femaleH5347
√ nᵉqêbâh — female (from the sexual form)Conjunctive wawNounfeminine singular
לְחַיּ֥וֹתlə·ḥay·yō·wṯto preserveH2421
√ châyâh — to live, whether literally or figurativelyPreposition-lVerbPielInfinitive construct
ḥāyāh (H2421) — “to live.” Used here as a causative infinitive: God’s aim in the ark is not mere storage but the propagation of living kinds.
זֶ֖רַעze·ra‘their offspringH2233
√ zeraʻ — seedNounmasculine singular
zera‘ — “seed,” the Bible’s great covenant word for posterity; its use of animals here is unusual and underscores that the whole created order is being carried through.
עַל־‘al-onH5921
√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition
פְּנֵ֥יpə·nêthe faceH6440
√ pânîym — the face (as the part that turns)Nouncommon plural construct
כָל־ḵālof allH3605
√ kôl — properly, the wholeNounmasculine singular construct
הָאָֽרֶץ׃hā·’ā·reṣthe earthH776
√ ʼerets — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)ArticleNounfeminine singular
4

For seven days from now I will send rain on the earth for forty days and forty nights, and I will wipe from the face of the earth every living thing I have made.”

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

kî šiḇ·‘āh lə·yā·mîm ‘ō·wḏ ’ā·nō·ḵî mam·ṭîr ‘al- hā·’ā·reṣ ’ar·bā·‘îm yō·wm wə·’ar·bā·‘îm lā·yə·lāh ū·mā·ḥî·ṯî ’eṯ- mê·‘al pə·nê hā·’ă·ḏā·māh kāl- hay·qūm ’ă·šer ‘ā·śî·ṯî

Word by word21 · parsed
כִּי֩ForH3588
√ kîy — (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below)Conjunction
שִׁבְעָ֗הšiḇ·‘āhsevenH7651
√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Numbermasculine singular
šiḇ‘āh — “seven” days of grace. Henry, Benson, and JFB all read this week as a final, deliberate stay of judgment: “A week for a world to repent!” (JFB).
לְיָמִ֨יםlə·yā·mîmdaysH3117
√ yôwm — a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)Preposition-lNounmasculine plural
ע֜וֹד‘ō·wḏfrom nowH5750
√ ʻôwd — properly, iteration or continuanceAdverb
אָֽנֹכִי֙’ā·nō·ḵîIH595
√ ʼânôkîy — IPronounfirst person common singular
מַמְטִ֣ירmam·ṭîrwill send rainH4305
√ mâṭar — to rainVerbHifilParticiplemasculine singular
עַל־‘al-onH5921
√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition
הָאָ֔רֶץhā·’ā·reṣthe earthH776
√ ʼerets — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)ArticleNounfeminine singular
אַרְבָּעִ֣ים’ar·bā·‘îmfor fortyH705
√ ʼarbâʻîym — fortyNumbercommon plural
’arbā‘îm (H705) — “forty.” Ellicott traces the whole biblical symbolism of forty (Israel’s wandering, Moses on the mount, Elijah, Christ’s fast) back to this verse: the number of trial and patience.
י֔וֹםyō·wmdaysH3117
√ yôwm — a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)Nounmasculine singular
וְאַרְבָּעִ֖יםwə·’ar·bā·‘îmand fortyH705
√ ʼarbâʻîym — fortyConjunctive wawNumbercommon plural
לָ֑יְלָהlā·yə·lāhnightsH3915
√ layil — properly, a twist (away of the light), iNounmasculine singular
וּמָחִ֗יתִיū·mā·ḥî·ṯîand I will wipeH4229
√ mâchâh — properly, to stroke or rubConjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectfirst person common singular
אֶֽת־’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
מֵעַ֖לmê·‘alfromH5921
√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition-m
פְּנֵ֥יpə·nêthe faceH6440
√ pânîym — the face (as the part that turns)Nouncommon plural construct
הָֽאֲדָמָֽה׃hā·’ă·ḏā·māhof the earthH127
√ ʼădâmâh — soil (from its general redness)ArticleNounfeminine singular
כָּל־kāl-everyH3605
√ kôl — properly, the wholeNounmasculine singular construct
הַיְקוּם֙hay·qūmliving thingH3351
√ yᵉqûwm — properly, standing (extant), iArticleNounmasculine singular
yəqûm (H3351) — “standing thing,” a word so rare (3 occurrences) that its reappearance in Deuteronomy 11:6 forms a real verbal thread; see the cross-references.
אֲשֶׁ֣ר’ă·šerH834
√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative
עָשִׂ֔יתִי‘ā·śî·ṯîI have madeH6213
√ ʻâsâh — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest applicationVerbQalPerfectfirst person common singular
‘āśîtî, “I have made” — the Creator unmakes what He made. The judgment is the dark mirror of Genesis 1.
5

And Noah did all that the LORD had commanded him.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

nō·aḥ way·ya·‘aś kə·ḵōl ’ă·šer- Yah·weh ṣiw·wā·hū

Word by word6 · parsed
נֹ֑חַnō·aḥAnd NoahH5146
√ Nôach — Noach, the patriarch of the floodNounpropermasculine singular
וַיַּ֖עַשׂway·ya·‘aśdidH6213
√ ʻâsâh — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest applicationConjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
‘āśāh (H6213) — “to do/make.” The verbal echo of v.4 is the unit’s quiet theology: Noah’s doing answers God’s making.
כְּכֹ֥לkə·ḵōlallH3605
√ kôl — properly, the wholePreposition-kNounmasculine singular
אֲשֶׁר־’ă·šer-thatH834
√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative
יְהוָֽה׃Yah·wehthe LORDH3068
√ Yᵉhôvâh — Jehovah, Jewish national name of GodNounpropermasculine singular
YHWH — again the covenant name, as in v.1; obedience is rendered to the personal, saving God.
צִוָּ֖הוּṣiw·wā·hūhad commanded himH6680
√ tsâvâh — (intensively) to constitute, enjoinVerbPielPerfectthird person masculine singularthird person masculine singular
ṣiwwāhū, “commanded him,” Piel of ṣāwāh — the same verb recurs in vv.9, 16 (“as God commanded”), framing the whole obedience of the ark.
6

Now Noah was 600 years old when the floodwaters came upon the earth.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wə·nō·aḥ šêš mê·’ō·wṯ šā·nāh ben- wə·ham·mab·būl ma·yim hā·yāh ‘al- hā·’ā·reṣ

Word by word10 · parsed
וְנֹ֕חַwə·nō·aḥNow NoahH5146
√ Nôach — Noach, the patriarch of the floodConjunctive wawNounpropermasculine singular
שֵׁ֥שׁšêšwas 600H8337
√ shêsh — six (as an overplus beyond five or the fingers of the hand)Numberfeminine singular construct
šēš (H8337) — “six.” The Pulpit Commentary (citing Wordsworth) reads six as a scriptural symbol of suffering; whether or not one presses that, the precise dating gives the catastrophe a fixed historical anchor.
מֵא֖וֹתmê·’ō·wṯ. . .H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfeminine plural
שָׁנָ֑הšā·nāhyearsH8141
√ shâneh — a year (as a revolution of time)Nounfeminine singular
בֶּן־ben-oldH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine singular construct
וְהַמַּבּ֣וּלwə·ham·mab·būlwhen the floodwatersH3999
√ mabbûwl — a delugeConjunctive waw, ArticleNounmasculine singular
mabbûl (H3999) — “a deluge.” This rare, dedicated word ties together every verse of the flood account (vv.6, 7, 10, 17) and reaches back to the warning of Genesis 6:17; see the cross-references.
מַ֖יִםma·yim. . .H4325
√ mayim — waterNounmasculine plural
הָיָ֔הhā·yāhcameH1961
√ hâyâh — to exist, iVerbQalPerfectthird person masculine singular
hāyāh, “came/was” — the simple verb of being marks the moment the long-threatened thing simply is.
עַל־‘al-uponH5921
√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition
הָאָֽרֶץ׃hā·’ā·reṣthe earthH776
√ ʼerets — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)ArticleNounfeminine singular
7

And Noah and his wife, with his sons and their wives, entered the ark to escape the waters of the flood.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

nō·aḥ wə·’iš·tōw ’it·tōw ū·ḇā·nāw ḇā·nāw ū·nə·šê- way·yā·ḇō ’el- hat·tê·ḇāh mip·pə·nê mê ham·mab·būl

Word by word12 · parsed
נֹ֗חַnō·aḥAnd NoahH5146
√ Nôach — Noach, the patriarch of the floodNounpropermasculine singular
וְאִשְׁתּ֧וֹwə·’iš·tōwand his wifeH802
√ ʼishshâh — a womanConjunctive wawNounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular
אִתּ֖וֹ’it·tōwwithH854
√ ʼêth — properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), nearPrepositionthird person masculine singular
וּ֠בָנָיוū·ḇā·nāwhis sonsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcConjunctive wawNounmasculine plural constructthird person masculine singular
בָנָ֛יוḇā·nāwand [their]H1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural constructthird person masculine singular
וּנְשֵֽׁי־ū·nə·šê-wivesH802
√ ʼishshâh — a womanConjunctive wawNounfeminine plural construct
וַיָּ֣בֹאway·yā·ḇōenteredH935
√ bôwʼ — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
bôʼ (H935) — “to come/go,” the unit’s governing verb of entrance.
אֶל־’el-. . .H413
√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition
הַתֵּבָ֑הhat·tê·ḇāhthe arkH8392
√ têbâh — a boxArticleNounfeminine singular
מִפְּנֵ֖יmip·pə·nêto escapeH6440
√ pânîym — the face (as the part that turns)Preposition-mNouncommon plural construct
מֵ֥יthe watersH4325
√ mayim — waterNounmasculine plural construct
הַמַּבּֽוּל׃ham·mab·būlof the floodH3999
√ mabbûwl — a delugeArticleNounmasculine singular
mabbûl — “the flood,” again the dedicated Deluge word, here in construct: “the waters of the Deluge.”
8

The clean and unclean animals, the birds, and everything that crawls along the ground

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

min- haṭ·ṭə·hō·w·rāh hab·bə·hê·māh ū·min- ū·min- ’ă·šer ’ê·nen·nāh ṭə·hō·rāh hab·bə·hê·māh hā·‘ō·wp̄ wə·ḵōl ’ă·šer- rō·mêś ‘al- hā·’ă·ḏā·māh

Word by word15 · parsed
מִן־min-[The]H4480
√ min — properly, a part ofPreposition
min — “from”; the verse lists categories streaming toward the ark. The Pulpit Commentary suggests reading vv.7–8 together and starting a new sentence at v.9 to dissolve the apparent tension with the “sevens” of v.2.
הַטְּהוֹרָ֔הhaṭ·ṭə·hō·w·rāhcleanH2889
√ ṭâhôwr — pure (in a physical, chemical, ceremonial or moral sense)ArticleAdjectivefeminine singular
הַבְּהֵמָה֙hab·bə·hê·māh. . .H929
√ bᵉhêmâh — properly, a dumb beastArticleNounfeminine singular
וּמִן־ū·min-andH4480
√ min — properly, a part ofConjunctive wawPreposition
וּמִ֨ן־ū·min-H4480
√ min — properly, a part ofConjunctive wawPreposition
אֲשֶׁ֥ר’ă·šerH834
√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative
אֵינֶ֖נָּה’ê·nen·nāhvvvH369
√ ʼayin — a non-entityAdverbthird person feminine singular
טְהֹרָ֑הṭə·hō·rāhuncleanH2889
√ ṭâhôwr — pure (in a physical, chemical, ceremonial or moral sense)Adjectivefeminine singular
הַ֨בְּהֵמָ֔הhab·bə·hê·māhanimalsH929
√ bᵉhêmâh — properly, a dumb beastArticleNounfeminine singular
הָע֔וֹףhā·‘ō·wp̄the birdsH5775
√ ʻôwph — a bird (as covered with feathers, or rather as covering with wings), often collectivelyArticleNounmasculine singular
וְכֹ֥לwə·ḵōland everythingH3605
√ kôl — properly, the wholeConjunctive wawNounmasculine singular
אֲשֶׁר־’ă·šer-thatH834
√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative
רֹמֵ֖שׂrō·mêścrawlsH7430
√ râmas — properly, to glide swiftly, iVerbQalParticiplemasculine singular
rāmaś (H7430) — “to glide swiftly”; this participle echoes Genesis 1:25–26 and binds the flood’s gathering to the original creation’s ordering.
עַל־‘al-alongH5921
√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition
הָֽאֲדָמָֽה׃hā·’ă·ḏā·māhthe groundH127
√ ʼădâmâh — soil (from its general redness)ArticleNounfeminine singular
9

came to Noah to enter the ark, two by two, male and female, as God had commanded Noah.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bā·’ū ’el- nō·aḥ ’el- hat·tê·ḇāh šə·na·yim šə·na·yim zā·ḵār ū·nə·qê·ḇāh ka·’ă·šer ’ĕ·lō·hîm ’eṯ- ṣiw·wāh nō·aḥ

Word by word14 · parsed
בָּ֧אוּbā·’ūcameH935
√ bôwʼ — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)VerbQalPerfectthird person common plural
אֶל־’el-toH413
√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition
נֹ֛חַnō·aḥNoahH5146
√ Nôach — Noach, the patriarch of the floodNounpropermasculine singular
אֶל־’el-to enterH413
√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition
הַתֵּבָ֖הhat·tê·ḇāhthe arkH8392
√ têbâh — a boxArticleNounfeminine singular
שְׁנַ֨יִםšə·na·yimtwoH8147
√ shᵉnayim — twoNumbermd
šənayim (H8147) — “two.” The pairs preserve the creational order of “male and female” (Genesis 1:27).
שְׁנַ֜יִםšə·na·yimby twoH8147
√ shᵉnayim — twoNumbermd
זָכָ֣רzā·ḵārmaleH2145
√ zâkâr — properly, remembered, iNounmasculine singular
וּנְקֵבָ֑הū·nə·qê·ḇāhand femaleH5347
√ nᵉqêbâh — female (from the sexual form)Conjunctive wawNounfeminine singular
כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֛רka·’ă·šerasH834
√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPreposition-kPronounrelative
אֱלֹהִ֖ים’ĕ·lō·hîmGodH430
√ ʼĕlôhîym — gods in the ordinary senseNounmasculine plural
’Elōhîm (H430) — “God,” the Creator-name; fitting here, where the focus is the created order obeying its Maker.
אֶת־’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
צִוָּ֥הṣiw·wāhhad commandedH6680
√ tsâvâh — (intensively) to constitute, enjoinVerbPielPerfectthird person masculine singular
ṣiwwāh — “commanded”; the obedience-frame of vv.5, 16 recurs, now of the animals.
נֹֽחַ׃nō·aḥNoahH5146
√ Nôach — Noach, the patriarch of the floodNounpropermasculine singular
10

And after seven days the floodwaters came upon the earth.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

way·hî lə·šiḇ·‘aṯ hay·yā·mîm ū·mê ham·mab·būl hā·yū ‘al- hā·’ā·reṣ

Word by word8 · parsed
וַֽיְהִ֖יway·hîAnd afterH1961
√ hâyâh — to exist, iConjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
לְשִׁבְעַ֣תlə·šiḇ·‘aṯsevenH7651
√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Preposition-lNumbermasculine singular construct
šeḇa‘ (H7651) — “seven.” Cambridge: throughout Genesis “a period of probation and patience precedes the fulfilment of the Divine word.”
הַיָּמִ֑יםhay·yā·mîmdaysH3117
√ yôwm — a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)ArticleNounmasculine plural
וּמֵ֣יū·mêthe floodwatersH4325
√ mayim — waterConjunctive wawNounmasculine plural construct
הַמַּבּ֔וּלham·mab·būl. . .H3999
√ mabbûwl — a delugeArticleNounmasculine singular
mabbûl — “the flood,” the dedicated Deluge term, now realized.
הָי֖וּhā·yūcameH1961
√ hâyâh — to exist, iVerbQalPerfectthird person common plural
עַל־‘al-uponH5921
√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition
הָאָֽרֶץ׃hā·’ā·reṣthe earthH776
√ ʼerets — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)ArticleNounfeminine singular
11

In the six hundredth year of Noah’s life, on the seventeenth day of the second month, all the fountains of the great deep burst forth, and the floodgates of the heavens were opened.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

biš·naṯ šêš- mê·’ō·wṯ šā·nāh nō·aḥ lə·ḥay·yê- bə·šiḇ·‘āh- ‘ā·śār yō·wm la·ḥō·ḏeš haš·šê·nî ba·ḥō·ḏeš haz·zeh bay·yō·wm kāl- ma‘·yə·nōṯ rab·bāh tə·hō·wm niḇ·qə·‘ū wa·’ă·rub·bōṯ haš·šā·ma·yim nip̄·tā·ḥū

Word by word22 · parsed
בִּשְׁנַ֨תbiš·naṯInH8141
√ shâneh — a year (as a revolution of time)Preposition-bNounfeminine singular construct
שֵׁשׁ־šêš-the sixH8337
√ shêsh — six (as an overplus beyond five or the fingers of the hand)Numberfeminine singular construct
מֵא֤וֹתmê·’ō·wṯhundredthH3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfeminine plural
שָׁנָה֙šā·nāhyearH8141
√ shâneh — a year (as a revolution of time)Nounfeminine singular
נֹ֔חַnō·aḥof Noah’sH5146
√ Nôach — Noach, the patriarch of the floodNounpropermasculine singular
לְחַיֵּי־lə·ḥay·yê-lifeH2416
√ chay — alivePreposition-lNounmasculine plural construct
בְּשִׁבְעָֽה־bə·šiḇ·‘āh-on the seventeenthH7651
√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Preposition-bNumbermasculine singular
עָשָׂ֥ר‘ā·śārH6240
√ ʻâsâr — ten (only in combination), iNumbermasculine singular
י֖וֹםyō·wmdayH3117
√ yôwm — a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)Nounmasculine singular
לַחֹ֑דֶשׁla·ḥō·ḏešH2320
√ chôdesh — the new moonPreposition-l, ArticleNounmasculine singular
הַשֵּׁנִ֔יhaš·šê·nîof the secondH8145
√ shênîy — properly, double, iArticleNumberordinal masculine singular
בַּחֹ֙דֶשׁ֙ba·ḥō·ḏešmonthH2320
√ chôdesh — the new moonPreposition-b, ArticleNounmasculine singular
הַזֶּ֗הhaz·zehH2088
√ zeh — the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or thatArticlePronounmasculine singular
בַּיּ֣וֹםbay·yō·wmH3117
√ yôwm — a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)Preposition-b, ArticleNounmasculine singular
כָּֽל־kāl-allH3605
√ kôl — properly, the wholeNounmasculine singular construct
מַעְיְנֹת֙ma‘·yə·nōṯthe fountainsH4599
√ maʻyân — a fountain (also collectively), figuratively, a source (of satisfaction)Nounmasculine plural construct
רַבָּ֔הrab·bāhof the greatH7227
√ rab — abundant (in quantity, size, age, number, rank, quality)Adjectivefeminine singular
תְּה֣וֹםtə·hō·wmdeepH8415
√ tᵉhôwm — an abyss (as a surging mass of water), especially the deep (the main sea or the subterranean watersupply)Nouncommon singular
təhôm (H8415) — “the deep,” a rare and weighty word (35 verses); its link back to Genesis 1:2 is structural (the abyss of creation returning), and forward to Genesis 8:2 verbal — see the cross-references.
נִבְקְעוּ֙niḇ·qə·‘ūburst forthH1234
√ bâqaʻ — to cleaveVerbNifalPerfectthird person common plural
bāqa‘ (H1234) — “to cleave.” The earth is split, not merely flooded; the verb is one of rupture.
וַאֲרֻבֹּ֥תwa·’ă·rub·bōṯand the floodgatesH699
√ ʼărubbâh — a latticeConjunctive wawNounfeminine plural construct
’ărubbāh (H699) — “lattice/floodgate,” a rare word (9 verses) shared verbally with Genesis 8:2, where the same floodgates are stopped.
הַשָּׁמַ֖יִםhaš·šā·ma·yimof the heavensH8064
√ shâmayim — the sky (as aloftArticleNounmasculine plural
נִפְתָּֽחוּ׃nip̄·tā·ḥūwere openedH6605
√ pâthach — to open wide (literally or figuratively)VerbNifalPerfectthird person common plural
12

And the rain fell upon the earth for forty days and forty nights.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

hag·ge·šem way·hî ‘al- hā·’ā·reṣ ’ar·bā·‘îm yō·wm wə·’ar·bā·‘îm lā·yə·lāh

Word by word8 · parsed
הַגֶּ֖שֶׁםhag·ge·šemAnd the rainH1653
√ geshem — a showerArticleNounmasculine singular
gešem (H1653) — “a shower / heavy rain.” Keil notes the choice of gešem over māṭār signals the extraordinary, “pouring rain” of the cataclysm.
וַֽיְהִ֥יway·hîfellH1961
√ hâyâh — to exist, iConjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
עַל־‘al-uponH5921
√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition
הָאָ֑רֶץhā·’ā·reṣthe earthH776
√ ʼerets — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)ArticleNounfeminine singular
אַרְבָּעִ֣ים’ar·bā·‘îmfor fortyH705
√ ʼarbâʻîym — fortyNumbercommon plural
’arbā‘îm — “forty”; the fulfilment of the forty-day rain announced in v.4. Benson reads even the gradual forty days as mercy, awakening some to repentance.
י֔וֹםyō·wmdaysH3117
√ yôwm — a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)Nounmasculine singular
וְאַרְבָּעִ֖יםwə·’ar·bā·‘îmand fortyH705
√ ʼarbâʻîym — fortyConjunctive wawNumbercommon plural
לָֽיְלָה׃lā·yə·lāhnightsH3915
√ layil — properly, a twist (away of the light), iNounmasculine singular
13

On that very day Noah entered the ark, along with his sons Shem, Ham, and Japheth, and his wife, and the three wives of his sons—

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bə·‘e·ṣem hay·yō·wm haz·zeh nō·aḥ bā ’el- hat·tê·ḇāh bə·nê- nō·aḥ wə·šêm- wə·ḥām wā·ye·p̄eṯ nō·aḥ wə·’ê·šeṯ ū·šə·lō·šeṯ nə·šê- ḇā·nāw ’it·tām

Word by word18 · parsed
בְּעֶ֨צֶםbə·‘e·ṣemOn that veryH6106
√ ʻetsem — a bone (as strong)Preposition-bNounfeminine singular construct
‘eṣem (H6106) — “bone, substance.” The same idiom appears at Genesis 17:23 of Abraham’s circumcision — the open, deliberate carrying out of God’s command in broad day.
הַיּ֤וֹםhay·yō·wmdayH3117
√ yôwm — a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)ArticleNounmasculine singular
הַזֶּה֙haz·zeh. . .H2088
√ zeh — the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or thatArticlePronounmasculine singular
נֹ֔חַnō·aḥNoahH5146
√ Nôach — Noach, the patriarch of the floodNounpropermasculine singular
בָּ֣אenteredH935
√ bôwʼ — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)VerbQalPerfectthird person masculine singular
, perfect of bôʼ — Keil’s pluperfect reading resolves the apparent clash with vv.7, 10 over when the entering happened.
אֶל־’el-. . .H413
√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition
הַתֵּבָֽה׃hat·tê·ḇāhthe arkH8392
√ têbâh — a boxArticleNounfeminine singular
בְּנֵי־bə·nê-[along with his] sonsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
נֹ֑חַnō·aḥ. . .H5146
√ Nôach — Noach, the patriarch of the floodNounpropermasculine singular
וְשֵׁם־wə·šêm-ShemH8035
√ Shêm — Shem, a son of Noah (often includConjunctive wawNounpropermasculine singular
וְחָ֥םwə·ḥāmHamH2526
√ Châm — Cham, a son of NoahConjunctive wawNounpropermasculine singular
וָיֶ֖פֶתwā·ye·p̄eṯand JaphethH3315
√ Yepheth — Jepheth, a son of NoahConjunctive wawNounpropermasculine singular
נֹ֗חַnō·aḥand [his]H5146
√ Nôach — Noach, the patriarch of the floodNounpropermasculine singular
וְאֵ֣שֶׁתwə·’ê·šeṯwifeH802
√ ʼishshâh — a womanConjunctive wawNounfeminine singular construct
וּשְׁלֹ֧שֶׁתū·šə·lō·šeṯand the threeH7969
√ shâlôwsh — threeConjunctive wawNumbermasculine singular construct
נְשֵֽׁי־nə·šê-wivesH802
√ ʼishshâh — a womanNounfeminine plural construct
בָנָ֛יוḇā·nāwof his sonsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural constructthird person masculine singular
אִתָּ֖ם’it·tāmH854
√ ʼêth — properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), nearPrepositionthird person masculine plural
14

they and every kind of wild animal, livestock, crawling creature, bird, and winged creature.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

hêm·māh wə·ḵāl wə·ḵāl wə·ḵāl lə·mî·nāh ha·ḥay·yāh hab·bə·hê·māh lə·mî·nāh hā·re·meś hā·rō·mêś ‘al- hā·’ā·reṣ lə·mî·nê·hū wə·ḵāl kāl- lə·mî·nê·hū hā·‘ō·wp̄ kōl ṣip·pō·wr kā·nāp̄

Word by word20 · parsed
הֵ֜מָּהhêm·māhtheyH1992
√ hêm — they (only used when emphatic)Pronounthird person masculine plural
וְכָל־wə·ḵāl. . .H3605
√ kôl — properly, the wholeConjunctive wawNounmasculine singular construct
וְכָל־wə·ḵālandH3605
√ kôl — properly, the wholeConjunctive wawNounmasculine singular construct
וְכָל־wə·ḵāleveryH3605
√ kôl — properly, the wholeConjunctive wawNounmasculine singular construct
לְמִינָ֗הּlə·mî·nāhkind ofH4327
√ mîyn — a sort, iPreposition-lNounmasculine singular constructthird person feminine singular
mîn (H4327) — “kind, species.” The fourfold “after its kind” is the strongest verbal tie between the flood and the creation account; the ark preserves the catalogue of Genesis 1.
הַֽחַיָּ֣הha·ḥay·yāhwild animalH2416
√ chay — aliveArticleNounfeminine singular
הַבְּהֵמָה֙hab·bə·hê·māhlivestockH929
√ bᵉhêmâh — properly, a dumb beastArticleNounfeminine singular
לְמִינָ֔הּlə·mî·nāhH4327
√ mîyn — a sort, iPreposition-lNounmasculine singular constructthird person feminine singular
הָרֶ֛מֶשׂhā·re·meścrawling creatureH7431
√ remes — a reptile or any other rapidly moving animalArticleNounmasculine singular
remeś (H7431) — “creeping thing,” paired here with its cognate participle hārōmēś; the noun-verb pairing intensifies the sense of teeming, swarming life.
הָרֹמֵ֥שׂhā·rō·mêś. . .H7430
√ râmas — properly, to glide swiftly, iArticleVerbQalParticiplemasculine singular
עַל־‘al-. . .H5921
√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition
הָאָ֖רֶץhā·’ā·reṣ. . .H776
√ ʼerets — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)ArticleNounfeminine singular
לְמִינֵ֑הוּlə·mî·nê·hūH4327
√ mîyn — a sort, iPreposition-lNounmasculine singular constructthird person masculine singular
וְכָל־wə·ḵālH3605
√ kôl — properly, the wholeConjunctive wawNounmasculine singular construct
כָּל־kāl-H3605
√ kôl — properly, the wholeNounmasculine singular construct
לְמִינֵ֔הוּlə·mî·nê·hūH4327
√ mîyn — a sort, iPreposition-lNounmasculine singular constructthird person masculine singular
הָע֣וֹףhā·‘ō·wp̄birdH5775
√ ʻôwph — a bird (as covered with feathers, or rather as covering with wings), often collectivelyArticleNounmasculine singular
כֹּ֖לkōlandH3605
√ kôl — properly, the wholeNounmasculine singular construct
צִפּ֥וֹרṣip·pō·wrwinged creatureH6833
√ tsippôwr — a little bird (as hopping)Nouncommon singular construct
כָּנָֽף׃kā·nāp̄H3671
√ kânâph — an edge or extremityNounfeminine singular
kānāp (H3671) — “wing, extremity.” The final word of the catalogue; Cambridge notes it may mean “every winged thing,” insects included.
15

They came to Noah to enter the ark, two by two of every creature with the breath of life.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

way·yā·ḇō·’ū ’el- nō·aḥ ’el- hat·tê·ḇāh šə·na·yim šə·na·yim mik·kāl hab·bā·śār ’ă·šer- bōw rū·aḥ ḥay·yîm

Word by word13 · parsed
וַיָּבֹ֥אוּway·yā·ḇō·’ūThey cameH935
√ bôwʼ — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine plural
bôʼ — “came,” again the active gathering; the Pulpit Commentary lists the three creature-words of the unit: ḥayyāh (v.14), yəqûm (v.4), and “that in which is the breath of life” here.
אֶל־’el-toH413
√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition
נֹ֖חַnō·aḥNoahH5146
√ Nôach — Noach, the patriarch of the floodNounpropermasculine singular
אֶל־’el-to enterH413
√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition
הַתֵּבָ֑הhat·tê·ḇāhthe arkH8392
√ têbâh — a boxArticleNounfeminine singular
שְׁנַ֤יִםšə·na·yimtwoH8147
√ shᵉnayim — twoNumbermd
שְׁנַ֙יִם֙šə·na·yimby twoH8147
√ shᵉnayim — twoNumbermd
מִכָּל־mik·kālof everyH3605
√ kôl — properly, the wholePreposition-mNounmasculine singular construct
הַבָּשָׂ֔רhab·bā·śārcreatureH1320
√ bâsâr — flesh (from its freshness)ArticleNounmasculine singular
אֲשֶׁר־’ă·šer-withH834
√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative
בּ֖וֹbōw
Prepositionthird person masculine singular
ר֥וּחַrū·aḥthe breathH7307
√ rûwach — windNouncommon singular construct
rûaḥ (H7307) — “wind/breath/spirit.” The bearer of life; its presence defines the saved and its loss defines the dead (v.22).
חַיִּֽים׃ḥay·yîmof lifeH2416
√ chay — aliveNounmasculine plural
16

And they entered, the male and female of every living thing, as God had commanded Noah. Then the LORD shut him in.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wə·hab·bā·’îm bā·’ū zā·ḵār ū·nə·qê·ḇāh mik·kāl bā·śār ka·’ă·šer ’ĕ·lō·hîm ṣiw·wāh ’ō·ṯōw Yah·weh ba·‘ă·ḏōw way·yis·gōr

Word by word13 · parsed
וְהַבָּאִ֗יםwə·hab·bā·’îmAnd they enteredH935
√ bôwʼ — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)Conjunctive waw, ArticleVerbQalParticiplemasculine plural
בָּ֔אוּbā·’ū. . .H935
√ bôwʼ — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)VerbQalPerfectthird person common plural
זָכָ֨רzā·ḵārthe maleH2145
√ zâkâr — properly, remembered, iNounmasculine singular
וּנְקֵבָ֤הū·nə·qê·ḇāhand femaleH5347
√ nᵉqêbâh — female (from the sexual form)Conjunctive wawNounfeminine singular
מִכָּל־mik·kālof everyH3605
√ kôl — properly, the wholePreposition-mNounmasculine singular construct
בָּשָׂר֙bā·śārliving thingH1320
√ bâsâr — flesh (from its freshness)Nounmasculine singular
כַּֽאֲשֶׁ֛רka·’ă·šerasH834
√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPreposition-kPronounrelative
אֱלֹהִ֑ים’ĕ·lō·hîmGodH430
√ ʼĕlôhîym — gods in the ordinary senseNounmasculine plural
צִוָּ֥הṣiw·wāhhad commandedH6680
√ tsâvâh — (intensively) to constitute, enjoinVerbPielPerfectthird person masculine singular
ṣiwwāh — “commanded,” closing the obedience-frame opened in v.5: “as God commanded.”
אֹת֖וֹ’ō·ṯōw[Noah]H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object markerthird person masculine singular
יְהוָ֖הYah·wehThen the LORDH3068
√ Yᵉhôvâh — Jehovah, Jewish national name of GodNounpropermasculine singular
YHWH — the covenant name returns at the climax of rescue, exactly as at the unit’s opening (v.1). The personal, saving God both calls and seals.
בַּֽעֲדֽוֹ׃ba·‘ă·ḏōw. . .H1157
√ bᵉʻad — in up to or over againstPrepositionthird person masculine singular
וַיִּסְגֹּ֥רway·yis·gōrshut him inH5462
√ çâgar — to shut upConjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
sāgar (H5462) — “to shut up.” The last human act of the entering is God’s, not man’s; the door of grace is closed by the hand that opened it.
17

For forty days the flood kept coming on the earth, and the waters rose and lifted the ark high above the earth.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

’ar·bā·‘îm yō·wm ham·mab·būl way·hî ‘al- hā·’ā·reṣ ham·ma·yim way·yir·bū way·yiś·’ū ’eṯ- hat·tê·ḇāh wat·tā·rām mê·‘al hā·’ā·reṣ

Word by word14 · parsed
אַרְבָּעִ֥ים’ar·bā·‘îmFor fortyH705
√ ʼarbâʻîym — fortyNumbercommon plural
י֖וֹםyō·wmdaysH3117
√ yôwm — a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)Nounmasculine singular
הַמַּבּ֛וּלham·mab·būlthe floodH3999
√ mabbûwl — a delugeArticleNounmasculine singular
mabbûl — “the flood,” again the dedicated Deluge word; the forty days of v.4/v.12 are now their destructive height.
וַֽיְהִ֧יway·hîkept comingH1961
√ hâyâh — to exist, iConjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
עַל־‘al-onH5921
√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition
הָאָ֑רֶץhā·’ā·reṣthe earthH776
√ ʼerets — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)ArticleNounfeminine singular
הַמַּ֗יִםham·ma·yimand the watersH4325
√ mayim — waterArticleNounmasculine plural
וַיִּרְבּ֣וּway·yir·būroseH7235
√ râbâh — to increase (in whatever respect)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine plural
וַיִּשְׂאוּ֙way·yiś·’ūand liftedH5375
√ nâsâʼ — to lift, in a great variety of applications, literal and figurative, absolute and relativeConjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine plural
nāśā’ (H5375) — “to lift/bear.” The verb’s ordinary use is to carry or forgive; here the flood itself carries the ark — judgment becomes the vehicle of salvation.
אֶת־’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
הַתֵּבָ֔הhat·tê·ḇāhthe arkH8392
√ têbâh — a boxArticleNounfeminine singular
וַתָּ֖רָםwat·tā·rāmH7311
√ rûwm — to be high actively, to rise or raise (in various applications, literally or figuratively)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person feminine singular
מֵעַ֥לmê·‘alhigh aboveH5921
√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition-m
הָאָֽרֶץ׃hā·’ā·reṣthe earthH776
√ ʼerets — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)ArticleNounfeminine singular
18

So the waters continued to surge and rise greatly on the earth, and the ark floated on the surface of the waters.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

ham·ma·yim way·yiḡ·bə·rū way·yir·bū mə·’ōḏ ‘al- hā·’ā·reṣ wat·tê·leḵ hat·tê·ḇāh ‘al- pə·nê ham·mā·yim

Word by word11 · parsed
הַמַּ֛יִםham·ma·yimSo the watersH4325
√ mayim — waterArticleNounmasculine plural
וַיִּגְבְּר֥וּway·yiḡ·bə·rūcontinued to surgeH1396
√ gâbar — to be strongConjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine plural
gāḇar (H1396) — “to be strong/prevail.” The keyword of the flood’s power (vv.18, 19, 20, 24); its tie to the Gibborim of Genesis 6 is a quiet irony — strength turned against the strong.
וַיִּרְבּ֥וּway·yir·būand riseH7235
√ râbâh — to increase (in whatever respect)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine plural
מְאֹ֖דmə·’ōḏgreatlyH3966
√ mᵉʼôd — properly, vehemence, iAdverb
עַל־‘al-onH5921
√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition
הָאָ֑רֶץhā·’ā·reṣthe earthH776
√ ʼerets — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)ArticleNounfeminine singular
וַתֵּ֥לֶךְwat·tê·leḵandH1980
√ hâlak — to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person feminine singular
hālaḵ (H1980) — “to walk/go.” The ark “walks” serenely (Gill: “in an easy gentle manner”) while the world drowns.
הַתֵּבָ֖הhat·tê·ḇāhthe arkH8392
√ têbâh — a boxArticleNounfeminine singular
עַל־‘al-floated onH5921
√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition
פְּנֵ֥יpə·nêthe surfaceH6440
√ pânîym — the face (as the part that turns)Nouncommon plural construct
הַמָּֽיִם׃ham·mā·yimof the watersH4325
√ mayim — waterArticleNounmasculine plural
19

Finally, the waters completely prevailed upon the earth, so that all the high mountains under all the heavens were covered.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wə·ham·ma·yim mə·’ōḏ mə·’ōḏ gā·ḇə·rū ‘al- hā·’ā·reṣ kāl- hag·gə·ḇō·hîm he·hā·rîm ’ă·šer- ta·ḥaṯ kāl- haš·šā·mā·yim way·ḵus·sū

Word by word14 · parsed
וְהַמַּ֗יִםwə·ham·ma·yimFinally, the watersH4325
√ mayim — waterConjunctive waw, ArticleNounmasculine plural
מְאֹ֥דmə·’ōḏcompletelyH3966
√ mᵉʼôd — properly, vehemence, iAdverb
mə’ōḏ (H3966) — “very, exceedingly.” The doubling marks the third and highest stage of Ellicott’s crescendo (vv.17–19).
מְאֹ֖דmə·’ōḏ. . .H3966
√ mᵉʼôd — properly, vehemence, iAdverb
גָּֽבְר֛וּgā·ḇə·rūprevailedH1396
√ gâbar — to be strongVerbQalPerfectthird person common plural
gāḇar — “prevailed,” here at full force.
עַל־‘al-uponH5921
√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition
הָאָ֑רֶץhā·’ā·reṣthe earthH776
√ ʼerets — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)ArticleNounfeminine singular
כָּל־kāl-so that allH3605
√ kôl — properly, the wholeNounmasculine singular construct
הַגְּבֹהִ֔יםhag·gə·ḇō·hîmthe highH1364
√ gâbôahh — elevated (or elated), powerful, arrogantArticleAdjectivemasculine plural
הֶֽהָרִים֙he·hā·rîmmountainsH2022
√ har — a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)ArticleNounmasculine plural
אֲשֶׁר־’ă·šer-H834
√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative
תַּ֖חַתta·ḥaṯunderH8478
√ tachath — the bottom (as depressed)Preposition
כָּל־kāl-allH3605
√ kôl — properly, the wholeNounmasculine singular construct
הַשָּׁמָֽיִם׃haš·šā·mā·yimthe heavensH8064
√ shâmayim — the sky (as aloftArticleNounmasculine plural
וַיְכֻסּ֗וּway·ḵus·sūwere coveredH3680
√ kâçâh — properly, to plump, iConjunctive wawVerbPualConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine plural
kāsāh (H3680) — “to cover,” in the Pual (passive): the mountains were covered. The same verb covers sin in atonement; here it covers the whole high world.
20

The waters rose and covered the mountaintops to a depth of fifteen cubits.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

ham·mā·yim gā·ḇə·rū way·ḵus·sū he·hā·rîm mil·ma‘·lāh ḥă·mêš ‘eś·rêh ’am·māh

Word by word8 · parsed
הַמָּ֑יִםham·mā·yimThe watersH4325
√ mayim — waterArticleNounmasculine plural
גָּבְר֖וּgā·ḇə·rūroseH1396
√ gâbar — to be strongVerbQalPerfectthird person common plural
gāḇar — “prevailed”; the flood at its maximum.
וַיְכֻסּ֖וּway·ḵus·sūand coveredH3680
√ kâçâh — properly, to plump, iConjunctive wawVerbPualConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine plural
הֶהָרִֽים׃he·hā·rîmthe mountaintopsH2022
√ har — a mountain or range of hills (sometimes used figuratively)ArticleNounmasculine plural
מִלְמַ֔עְלָהmil·ma‘·lāhto a depthH4605
√ maʻal — properly, the upper part, used only adverbially with prefix upward, above, overhead, from the top, etcPreposition-m, Preposition-lAdverbthird person feminine singular
ma‘al (H4605) — “upward, above.” The direction of measurement is the interpretive key: the water stands fifteen cubits over the peaks.
חֲמֵ֨שׁḥă·mêšof fifteenH2568
√ châmêsh — fiveNumberfeminine singular construct
עֶשְׂרֵ֤ה‘eś·rêh. . .H6240
√ ʻâsâr — ten (only in combination), iNumberfeminine singular construct
אַמָּה֙’am·māhcubitsH520
√ ʼammâh — properly, a mother (iNounfeminine singular
’ammāh (H520) — “cubit,” literally “a mother(-arm)”; the everyday unit of measure, lending the cosmic event a concrete, human scale.
21

And every living thing that moved upon the earth perished—birds, livestock, animals, every creature that swarms upon the earth, and all mankind.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

kāl- bā·śār hā·rō·mêś ‘al- hā·’ā·reṣ way·yiḡ·wa‘ bā·‘ō·wp̄ ū·ḇab·bə·hê·māh ū·ḇa·ḥay·yāh ū·ḇə·ḵāl haš·še·reṣ haš·šō·rêṣ ‘al- hā·’ā·reṣ wə·ḵōl hā·’ā·ḏām

Word by word16 · parsed
כָּל־kāl-And everyH3605
√ kôl — properly, the wholeNounmasculine singular construct
בָּשָׂ֣ר׀bā·śārliving thingH1320
√ bâsâr — flesh (from its freshness)Nounmasculine singular
הָרֹמֵ֣שׂhā·rō·mêśthat movedH7430
√ râmas — properly, to glide swiftly, iArticleVerbQalParticiplemasculine singular
עַל־‘al-uponH5921
√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition
הָאָ֗רֶץhā·’ā·reṣthe earthH776
√ ʼerets — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)ArticleNounfeminine singular
וַיִּגְוַ֞עway·yiḡ·wa‘perishedH1478
√ gâvaʻ — to breathe out, iConjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
gāwa‘ (H1478) — “to expire.” A solemn, dignified word for death, the same used of the patriarchs’ deaths; here it falls on all flesh at once.
בָּע֤וֹףbā·‘ō·wp̄birdsH5775
√ ʻôwph — a bird (as covered with feathers, or rather as covering with wings), often collectivelyPreposition-b, ArticleNounmasculine singular
וּבַבְּהֵמָה֙ū·ḇab·bə·hê·māhlivestockH929
√ bᵉhêmâh — properly, a dumb beastConjunctive waw, Preposition-b, ArticleNounfeminine singular
וּבַ֣חַיָּ֔הū·ḇa·ḥay·yāhanimalsH2416
√ chay — aliveConjunctive waw, Preposition-b, ArticleNounfeminine singular
וּבְכָל־ū·ḇə·ḵāleveryH3605
√ kôl — properly, the wholeConjunctive waw, Preposition-bNounmasculine singular construct
הַשֶּׁ֖רֶץhaš·še·reṣcreature that swarmsH8318
√ sherets — a swarm, iArticleNounmasculine singular
šereṣ (H8318) / šāraṣ (H8317) — “swarm / to swarm,” the creation refrain of Genesis 1:20, now inverted into the inventory of the drowned.
הַשֹּׁרֵ֣ץhaš·šō·rêṣ. . .H8317
√ shârats — to wriggle, iArticleVerbQalParticiplemasculine singular
עַל־‘al-uponH5921
√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition
הָאָ֑רֶץhā·’ā·reṣthe earthH776
√ ʼerets — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)ArticleNounfeminine singular
וְכֹ֖לwə·ḵōland allH3605
√ kôl — properly, the wholeConjunctive wawNounmasculine singular construct
הָאָדָֽם׃hā·’ā·ḏāmmankindH120
√ ʼâdâm — ruddy iArticleNounmasculine singular
’āḏām (H120) — “man, mankind”; the climactic last item, for whose sake the judgment came (JFB).
22

Of all that was on dry land, everything that had the breath of life in its nostrils died.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

mik·kōl ’ă·šer be·ḥā·rā·ḇāh kōl ’ă·šer niš·maṯ- rū·aḥ ḥay·yîm bə·’ap·pāw mê·ṯū

Word by word10 · parsed
מִכֹּ֛לmik·kōlOf allH3605
√ kôl — properly, the wholePreposition-mNounmasculine singular
אֲשֶׁ֥ר’ă·šerthat [was]H834
√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative
בֶּחָֽרָבָ֖הbe·ḥā·rā·ḇāhon dry landH2724
√ chârâbâh — a desertPreposition-b, ArticleNounfeminine singular
כֹּ֡לkōleverythingH3605
√ kôl — properly, the wholeNounmasculine singular
אֲשֶׁר֩’ă·šerthat hadH834
√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative
נִשְׁמַת־niš·maṯ-the breathH5397
√ nᵉshâmâh — a puff, iNounfeminine singular construct
nəšāmāh (H5397) — “a puff, breath.” The Eden-word for the divine in-breathing; its appearance here makes the death of v.22 the undoing of Genesis 2:7.
ר֨וּחַrū·aḥofH7307
√ rûwach — windNouncommon singular
חַיִּ֜יםḥay·yîmlifeH2416
√ chay — aliveNounmasculine plural
בְּאַפָּ֗יוbə·’ap·pāwin its nostrilsH639
√ ʼaph — properly, the nose or nostrilPreposition-bNounmasculine dual constructthird person masculine singular
’ap (H639) — “nose, nostril.” The same organ of Adam’s first breath; the verbal echo of the creation account is exact.
מֵֽתוּ׃mê·ṯūdiedH4191
√ mûwth — to die (literally or figuratively)VerbQalPerfectthird person common plural
mût (H4191) — “to die,” the plain, final verb; after the heaped clause of breath, the sentence lands on one stark word: died.
23

And every living thing on the face of the earth was destroyed—man and livestock, crawling creatures and birds of the air; they were blotted out from the earth, and only Noah and those with him in the ark remained.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

kāl- hay·qūm ’ă·šer ‘al- pə·nê hā·’ă·ḏā·māh way·yi·maḥ ’eṯ- mê·’ā·ḏām ‘aḏ- ‘aḏ- bə·hê·māh wə·‘aḏ- re·meś ‘ō·wp̄ haš·šā·ma·yim way·yim·mā·ḥū min- hā·’ā·reṣ ’aḵ- nō·aḥ wa·’ă·šer ’it·tōw bat·tê·ḇāh wa·yiš·šå̄·ʾɛr

Word by word25 · parsed
כָּל־kāl-And everyH3605
√ kôl — properly, the wholeNounmasculine singular construct
הַיְק֣וּם׀hay·qūmliving thingH3351
√ yᵉqûwm — properly, standing (extant), iArticleNounmasculine singular
yəqûm (H3351) — “standing thing,” the rare word binding v.23 to v.4 (and to Deuteronomy 11:6); the verbal inclusio is the chapter’s seal.
אֲשֶׁ֣ר׀’ă·šerH834
√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative
עַל־‘al-onH5921
√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition
פְּנֵ֣יpə·nêthe faceH6440
√ pânîym — the face (as the part that turns)Nouncommon plural construct
הָֽאֲדָמָ֗הhā·’ă·ḏā·māhof the earthH127
√ ʼădâmâh — soil (from its general redness)ArticleNounfeminine singular
וַיִּ֜מַחway·yi·maḥwas destroyedH4229
√ mâchâh — properly, to stroke or rubConjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
māḥāh (H4229) — “to wipe out/blot out.” Keil’s Qal reading puts the subject beyond doubt: He wiped out. The same verb governs Genesis 6:7 and 7:4 — see the cross-references.
אֶֽת־’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
מֵאָדָ֤םmê·’ā·ḏāmmanH120
√ ʼâdâm — ruddy iPreposition-mNounmasculine singular
עַד־‘aḏ-andH5704
√ ʻad — as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)Preposition
עַד־‘aḏ-. . .H5704
√ ʻad — as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)Preposition
בְּהֵמָה֙bə·hê·māhlivestockH929
√ bᵉhêmâh — properly, a dumb beastNounfeminine singular
וְעַד־wə·‘aḏ-. . .H5704
√ ʻad — as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)Conjunctive wawPreposition
רֶ֙מֶשׂ֙re·meścrawling creaturesH7431
√ remes — a reptile or any other rapidly moving animalNounmasculine singular
ע֣וֹף‘ō·wp̄and birdsH5775
√ ʻôwph — a bird (as covered with feathers, or rather as covering with wings), often collectivelyNounmasculine singular construct
הַשָּׁמַ֔יִםhaš·šā·ma·yimof the airH8064
√ shâmayim — the sky (as aloftArticleNounmasculine plural
וַיִּמָּח֖וּway·yim·mā·ḥūthey were blotted outH4229
√ mâchâh — properly, to stroke or rubConjunctive wawVerbNifalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine plural
מִן־min-fromH4480
√ min — properly, a part ofPreposition
הָאָ֑רֶץhā·’ā·reṣthe earthH776
√ ʼerets — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)ArticleNounfeminine singular
אַךְ־’aḵ-and onlyH389
√ ʼak — a particle of affirmation, surelyAdverb
’aḵ (H389) — “surely, only.” One word holds the whole gospel of the remnant: out of universal death, a saved few.
נֹ֛חַnō·aḥNoahH5146
√ Nôach — Noach, the patriarch of the floodNounpropermasculine singular
וַֽאֲשֶׁ֥רwa·’ă·šerand thoseH834
√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatConjunctive wawPronounrelative
אִתּ֖וֹ’it·tōwwith himH854
√ ʼêth — properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), nearPrepositionthird person masculine singular
בַּתֵּבָֽה׃bat·tê·ḇāhin the arkH8392
√ têbâh — a boxPreposition-b, ArticleNounfeminine singular
וַיִשָּׁ֧אֶרwa·yiš·šå̄·ʾɛrremainedH7604
√ shâʼar — properly, to swell up, iConjunctive wawVerbNifalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
šā’ar (H7604) — “to remain, be left over.” The root of the great prophetic “remnant” (šəʼār); Noah is the Bible’s first remnant.
24

And the waters prevailed upon the earth for 150 days.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

ham·ma·yim way·yiḡ·bə·rū ‘al- hā·’ā·reṣ ū·mə·’aṯ ḥă·miš·šîm yō·wm

Word by word7 · parsed
הַמַּ֖יִםham·ma·yimAnd the watersH4325
√ mayim — waterArticleNounmasculine plural
וַיִּגְבְּר֥וּway·yiḡ·bə·rūprevailedH1396
√ gâbar — to be strongConjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine plural
gāḇar — “prevailed”; the unit closes on the same verb of overwhelming strength that drove vv.18–20, leaving the reader in the long silence of the waters at their height.
עַל־‘al-uponH5921
√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition
הָאָ֑רֶץhā·’ā·reṣthe earthH776
√ ʼerets — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)ArticleNounfeminine singular
וּמְאַ֖תū·mə·’aṯfor 150H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredConjunctive wawNumberfeminine singular construct
חֲמִשִּׁ֥יםḥă·miš·šîm. . .H2572
√ chămishshîym — fiftyNumbercommon plural
יֽוֹם׃yō·wmdaysH3117
√ yôwm — a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)Nounmasculine singular
yôm (H3117) — “day,” singular after the number, the normal Hebrew idiom; JFB reads the long 150 days as designed “to manifest God’s stern displeasure at sin.”

The verse-by-verse work is done. What follows gathers the whole unit. All three layers below are machine-generated (⚙). Weigh them; they have no authority.

Grand Commentary — the unit, read whole

synthesis · verify

AI synthesis — woven from the public-domain voices above and the original text; generated and fallible.

i. The summons — “Come,” not “Go” — 7:1–5

The unit opens on the covenant name. It is YHWH, not the Creator-name Elohim, who speaks (v.1) — Keil presses this against the source critics, since within the same chapter Jehovah commands (v.1), Elohim commands (v.9), and the two alternate in a single breath (v.16). The first word to Noah is , which the BSB renders “Go” but which is literally “Come” — a verb of motion toward the speaker. Matthew Henry hears the gospel in it: The word says, Come; ministers say, Come; the Spirit says, Come, come into the Ark. The ground of the summons is a verdict already rendered — ṣaddîq lə-pānay, “righteous before my face” (v.1). John Gill insists this is no merit: Noah was righteous not by his own righteousness, but by the righteousness of faith, and the Pulpit Commentary names it plainly — the verse announces the fact of his justification in God's sight. Then comes the strange arithmetic of mercy: šiḇ‘āh šiḇ‘āh, “seven seven” (v.2), a number the commentators cannot finally settle (Poole reads seven pairs, Keil seven individuals with one for sacrifice) — but on which they agree in this: even the unclean are spared, for, as Benson writes, God’s tender mercies are over all his works. And the seven days (v.4) are a last reprieve; A week for a world to repent! cries Jamieson, Fausset & Brown. The movement closes with the verse that is its whole theology in miniature: And Noah did all that the LORD had commanded him — the verb ‘āśāh, “did,” answering God’s ‘āśîtî, “I have made,” of v.4.

ii. The forty and the seven — judgment as un-creation — 7:4, 11–12

The flood is described in the language of Genesis 1 run backwards. God will wipe out (māḥāh) every standing thing (yəqûm) — a rare word, Ellicott observes, found only here, in v.23, and in Deuteronomy 11:6, meaning whatever stands erect. The waters do not merely fall; the təhôm, the “great deep” of Genesis 1:2, is cleft open (nibqə‘û, v.11), and the ’ărubbōt haššāmayim, the “lattices of heaven,” are unlatched. Joseph Benson states the mechanism exactly: God had... set bars and doors to the waters... and now he only removed these ancient mounds and fences, and the waters returned to cover the earth, as they had done at first. Albert Barnes weighs the two causes and judges the lower the greater: The beautiful figure of the windows of the skies being opened is preceded by the equally striking one of the fountains of the great deep being broken up. This was the chief source of the flood. The rain itself is no shower but gešem (v.12) — Cambridge: something much stronger than ordinary rain. Forty days (vv.4, 12), the number Ellicott traces from this verse through all of Scripture as the sacred number of trial and patience.

iii. The threefold entrance and the shut door — 7:7–9, 13–16

Three times the entering is told — in the command (v.1), in the seven-day process (v.7), and in its completion in the bone of this day (bə‘eṣem, v.13). Barnes names the effect: There is a simple grandeur in the threefold description of the entrance of Noah and his retinue into the ark. The animals are not driven but drawn: bā’û, “they came” (vv.9, 15), and Keil hears in the verb that they collected about Noah and were taken into the ark, without his having to exert himself to collect them — the Geneva Bible says God compelled them to present themselves to Noah, as they did before to Adam. The catalogue is the catalogue of creation: ləmînāh, “after its kind,” four times in v.14 alone, so that, as Benson notes, as many species as were created were now saved. Then the door. The verse turns on its two names — Elohim commands the beasts, YHWH shuts the ark — and the Pulpit Commentary draws the line tight: It is Elohim who commands him about the beasts; it is Jehovah, the covenant God, who insures his safety by closing the ark behind him. Noah does not seal himself in; the Lord shut him in (v.16). Jamieson, Fausset & Brown: this intimated that Noah had become the special object of divine care and protection, and that to those without the season of grace was over.

iv. The waters prevail — and the question of the whole earth — 7:17–24

The last movement is a crescendo built on one verb, gāḇar, “to prevail, be strong” (vv.18, 19, 20, 24) — the root, the Pulpit Commentary notes, of the Gibborim, the “mighty men” of Genesis 6:4: the strength of the violent old world now belongs to the waters that bury it. Ellicott traces the three stages — the waters increase and the ark floats (v.17), prevail and the ark walks (wattēleḵ, v.18), prevail exceedingly, exceedingly and the mountains vanish (v.19). Here the commentators genuinely divide, and the unit does not hide it. On all the high hills under the whole heaven Keil and JFB read a plainly global flood — JFB: The language is not consistent with the theory of a partial deluge. Ellicott and Poole read the Hebrew totality-idiom as the visible horizon, only over all the habitable world, where either men or beasts lived (Poole). Cambridge, from the late-Victorian critical chair, flatly dissents: Geology has shewn that no such universal Deluge has ever occurred. Three honest readings of one ancient line. What the text itself stresses is not extent but breath: every standing thing (yəqûm, v.23 — the rare word of v.4 returning to seal the sentence) is wiped out (māḥāh, the very verb of v.4), and what dies is precisely what had the breath of the spirit of life in its nostrils (v.22) — Barnes and Cambridge both hear Genesis 2:7, the Eden in-breathing now withdrawn. And against the total erasure, the bare restrictive particle: ’aḵ-Nōaḥ, “only Noah” (v.23). One man, one house, one remnant.

Read under Sola Scriptura — this tool’s own fallible reading (⚙)

Read under Sola Scriptura — the tool’s own fallible reading, offered to be tested — Genesis 7 is the first sermon in the Bible on judgment and the saved remnant, and it preaches by structure more than by statement. Two great verbs frame the chapter: God says He will wipe out (māḥāh, v.4) and He wipes out (māḥāh, v.23); the word of warning and the deed of judgment are bolted together by one rare verb, so that no reader can pretend God did not do exactly what He said. Inside that frame, the whole vocabulary of Genesis 1–2 is summoned and then reversed: the “great deep” (təhôm) of creation is split open, the creatures gather “after their kind” as on the sixth day, and the “breath of life” breathed into Adam’s nostrils is breathed back out in death (wayyiḡwa‘, v.21). The flood is creation handed back. Yet the same waters that break down everything bear up the ark (v.17) — and that is the whole hinge of grace: judgment and salvation are not two events but one event met two ways, death unto death to the unbelieving and life unto life to the faithful (Henry). The decisive act is not Noah’s building or even his entering, but God’s: YHWH shut him in (v.16). Salvation is sealed by the hand that warned. And the chapter ends not on the dead but on the one restrictive word — ’aḵ, “only” — that carries the gospel of the remnant: out of a whole drowned world, God keeps a seed alive to begin again. Where the chapter is genuinely uncertain (the “seven seven,” the extent of the waters), the honest reading holds the options open and refuses to make the text answer questions it declines to settle.

The waters that broke down the world bore up the ark: one flood, met two ways. (A synthesis reading, not Scripture.)

Canonical Threads — out to the whole of Scripture

cross-refs · verify

AI-generated connections. Each carries a verification badge with a recorded basis; contested links are flagged.

“Standing-thing” wiped out — the sentence and its echo verbal / quotation — confirmed

The rare noun yəqûm (“that which stands / has risen up”) occurs in only three verses in the whole Hebrew Bible — twice in this chapter (vv.4, 23) and once in Deuteronomy 11:6, of the earth swallowing Dathan and Abiram and every living thing (yəqûm) that was at their feet. Ellicott and Cambridge both flag the word’s extreme rarity. The shared lexeme makes Deuteronomy 11:6 a genuine verbal link: in both, the ground itself becomes the instrument by which God blots out the standing fabric of the rebellious. The Verifier confirms the basis.

Genesis 7:4 · Genesis 7:23 · Deuteronomy 11:6

basis: shared rare lexeme H3351 yᵉqûwm — occurs in only 3 verses total (Genesis 7:4; 7:23; Deuteronomy 11:6); Verifier-computed

“Wipe out” — the verb of the verdict carried through verbal / quotation — confirmed

God’s threat in v.4 (I will wipe [māḥāh] every standing thing) reaches back to His first resolve in Genesis 6:7 (I will blot out man) and forward to its execution in v.23 (and He wiped out every standing thing). The three verses share not only māḥāh but the same creature-catalogue — remeś (creeping thing), ‘ôp (bird), bəhēmāh (beast). Cambridge and the Pulpit Commentary both note the verbal repetition is deliberate; the resolve, the warning, and the deed are one word three times spoken.

Genesis 6:7 · Genesis 7:4 · Genesis 7:23

basis: shared lexemes H4229 mâchâh (in 32 vv) + H7431 remes (17), H5775 ʻôwph (70), H929 bᵉhêmâh (172); Verifier-computed for 7:23↔6:7

The fountains of the deep — opened, then stopped verbal / quotation — confirmed

Genesis 7:11 and Genesis 8:2 are a matched pair: the same three rare terms — ’ărubbōt (“floodgates / lattices,” in 9 verses), ma‘yān (“fountains,” in 23), and təhôm (“the great deep,” in 35) — are first thrown open here and then, in 8:2, deliberately stopped: the fountains of the deep and the floodgates of the heavens were closed. The flood narrative is bracketed by this single sentence said forwards and backwards. The Verifier rates it a strong verbal link on these uncommon lexemes.

Genesis 7:11 · Genesis 8:2

basis: shared rare lexemes H699 ʼărubbâh (in 9 vv), H4599 maʻyân (23), H8415 tᵉhôwm (35); Verifier-computed

The great deep — creation’s abyss returns structural / thematic — confirmed

The təhôm (“great deep”) that is cleft open in v.11 is the same təhôm over which the Spirit of God was hovering in Genesis 1:2, before the waters were divided and bounded. Benson states the link directly: at the flood God removed these ancient mounds and fences, and the waters returned to cover the earth, as they had done at first. The flood is a return to the watery formlessness that preceded the third day. The shared lexeme is real, but the connection is one of motif and reversal, not quotation — the Verifier tiers it structural.

Genesis 7:11 · Genesis 1:2

basis: shared lexeme H8415 tᵉhôwm (in 35 vv); a creation-motif reversal, not a citation; Verifier-computed

Righteous in his generation — Noah named and named again structural / thematic — confirmed

Genesis 7:1 deliberately echoes Genesis 6:9, the verse that first introduced Noah: both call him ṣaddîq (“righteous”) in his dôr (“generation”). The Pulpit Commentary cross-references the two explicitly. What 6:9 said of Noah as a man, 7:1 has God Himself pronounce as a verdict at the door of the ark. The shared lexemes (Noah, righteous, generation) are not rare enough to claim quotation; the Verifier rates the link structural/thematic, and so do we.

Genesis 7:1 · Genesis 6:9

basis: shared lexemes H5146 Nôach (39 vv), H6662 tsaddîyq (197), H1755 dôwr (127) — none rare enough for a verbal tier; Verifier-computed

“The Deluge” — the dedicated flood-word binds the account verbal / quotation — confirmed

The noun mabbûl (H3999) is the Bible’s technical, almost exclusive word for Noah’s flood — it appears in only twelve verses, nearly all in Genesis 6–11. It threads this unit (vv.6, 7, 10, 17) and ties it to the original warning of Genesis 6:17, I am going to bring floodwaters (mabbûl) on the earth. The Verifier confirms the shared rare lexeme; warning (6:17) and event (ch. 7) are sealed by the same uncommon name for the catastrophe.

Genesis 7:6 · Genesis 6:17

basis: shared rare lexeme H3999 mabbûwl (in 12 vv); Verifier-computed for 7:6↔6:17

Noah went in — and Hebrews names it faith flagged — verify source

Hebrews 11:7 reads Genesis 7 as the supreme Old Testament instance of saving faith: By faith Noah, being warned about things not yet seen, in reverent fear prepared an ark for the salvation of his household. Matthew Poole and the Pulpit Commentary both root Noah’s entrance “from before the waters” (v.7) in exactly this “reverent fear” of Hebrews 11:7. But the link cannot be called verbal: it crosses Testaments (Greek to Hebrew), so there can be no shared Strong’s number, and the Verifier returns no shared original-language lexeme. The connection is the New Testament’s own interpretive claim — strong, ancient, and apostolic, but argued, not lexical. Flagged as the rule requires when an inter-Testament link rests on the NT writer’s reading.

Genesis 7:1 · Genesis 7:7 · Hebrews 11:7

basis: cross-Testament (Greek↔Hebrew): Verifier finds no shared original-language lexeme; the tie is Hebrews’ own theological reading of Noah’s faith, not a verbal quotation

Eight souls saved through water — Peter’s baptismal type flagged — verify source

1 Peter 3:20–21 takes the eight persons of vv.7, 13 (Noah, his wife, three sons, three wives) and makes the flood a figure of baptism: in which a few, that is, eight souls, were saved through water. And this water symbolizes the baptism that now saves you. Matthew Henry leans on the same text — The apostle makes it a type of christian baptism, 1Pe 3:20,21 — and the Geneva Bible cites 1 Peter 3:20 at v.23. The typology is apostolic and widely held, but it is a cross-Testament link with no shared lexeme (Greek↔Hebrew); it must be argued from Peter’s reading, not asserted as verbal. Flagged accordingly.

Genesis 7:7 · Genesis 7:13 · Genesis 7:23

basis: cross-Testament typology (Greek↔Hebrew): no shared Strong’s possible; rests on 1 Peter 3:20–21’s reading of the eight saved through water — argued, not lexical

As in the days of Noah — Christ’s own use of the flood flagged — verify source

Jesus makes Genesis 7 the pattern of His coming: For as in the days before the flood... they were eating and drinking... and they knew nothing about what would happen until the flood came and swept them all away (Matthew 24:38–39; cf. Luke 17:26–27). Matthew Henry and Joseph Benson both quote Luke 17:26–27 to expound the careless world of v.23. JFB cites the same at v.4 — their reckless disregard (Lu 17:27). This is the Lord’s own typological use of the flood, but it is a Greek-to-Hebrew link with no shared lexeme; flagged as a reading to be received on Christ’s authority, not a verbal quotation.

Genesis 7:23 · Matthew 24:38 · Luke 17:27

basis: cross-Testament (Greek↔Hebrew): no shared original-language lexeme; rests on Jesus’ own typological appeal to the flood in Matthew 24 / Luke 17 — argued, not lexical

Christ in the Unittypology · verify

AI-generated reading; weigh it against the text.

The ark and the only door of salvation ancient/widely-held

From the earliest Christian reading, the ark has been seen as a figure of Christ: the one God-appointed refuge, entered by a single door, in which alone the waters of judgment become the means of deliverance. Matthew Henry makes the figure explicit and gospel-shaped: Christ is an ark, in whom alone we can be safe, when death and judgment approach. The word says, Come; ministers say, Come; the Spirit says, Come, come into the Ark. The very first word of the unit — , “Come” (v.1) — is the gospel invitation, and the last decisive act, YHWH shutting the door (v.16), is sovereign, sealing grace: when he brings a soul to Christ, the salvation is sure... not in our own keeping, but in the Mediator's hand (Henry, at v.13). This reading is ancient and widely held across the tradition.

Genesis 7:1 · Genesis 7:16 · Genesis 7:23

Righteousness reckoned by faith — Noah and the gospel ancient/widely-held

The ground of Noah’s rescue — righteous before me (v.1) — is read by the whole Reformed tradition not as merit but as the imputed righteousness of faith that Hebrews 11:7 names. Gill: righteous not by his own righteousness, but by the righteousness of faith; Henry: accounted righteous, not for his own righteousness, but as an heir of the righteousness which is by faith. So Noah becomes a forefigure of the believer justified in Christ: declared righteous before God’s face prior to and apart from works, then saved through the judgment by that prior verdict. The reading is widely held in the tradition and anchored in the New Testament’s own use of Noah.

Genesis 7:1 · Genesis 7:5

Death unto death, life unto life — one flood, two ends novel

That the same waters which destroyed the world bore up the ark (v.17) has long been read as a figure of the cross and gospel, which are the fragrance of life to the saved and the smell of death to the perishing (2 Corinthians 2:16). Matthew Henry frames v.17 in exactly these terms: That which to unbelievers betokens death unto death, to the faithful betokens life unto life. The flood thus prefigures the great division Christ works — the one event of His coming that is judgment to the careless (Matthew 24:39) and salvation to those found in Him. This particular Christ-reading of the bearing waters, while consonant with the tradition, is here drawn out as a synthesis observation and is marked novel rather than claimed as a fixed patristic type.

Genesis 7:17 · Genesis 7:23

Apparatus & Provenance

The biblical text is the Berean Standard Bible (BSB), public domain (CC0). Hebrew/Greek text, transliteration, morphology and Strong’s are transcribed from the Berean interlinear (CC0) + Strong’s lexicons (PD); the literal renderings, divergence notes, word notes and all synthesis are this tool’s own work (⚙) — fallible; verify them.

Named voices, quoted verbatim from public-domain works:

  • Albert Barnes, Notes on the Bible (1834)
  • Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges, (1880s)
  • Charles Ellicott, Commentary for English Readers (1878)
  • Geneva Study Bible, Marginal Notes (1599)
  • Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory (1871)
  • John Gill, Exposition of the Entire Bible (1746–63)
  • Joseph Benson, Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1810s)
  • Keil & Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament (1860s)
  • Matthew Henry, Concise Commentary on the Whole Bible (1706)
  • Matthew Poole, Annotations upon the Holy Bible (1685)
  • The Pulpit Commentary, Spence & Exell, eds. (1880s)

This unit is unusually well-served and unusually contested in its sources, and the apparatus is built to keep both facts visible. (1) Voices are verbatim. Every quoted excerpt is a contiguous substring of the public-domain commentary supplied for that verse (Biblehub), trimmed only at its ends; nothing is paraphrased, reordered, or stitched. The recurring blocks (Matthew Henry’s 7:1–12 and 7:13–16 homilies; JFB’s and Barnes’ multi-verse notes) were quoted only at the verse to which each remark properly belongs, to keep the chorus diverse.

(2) The clean/unclean ‘seven seven’ (v.2) and the extent of the flood (v.19) are genuinely open. The synthesis does not resolve them. On the numbers, Poole and the LXX read seven pairs; Keil, Calvin, and Delitzsch read seven individuals. On all the high hills under the whole heaven, Keil and JFB read a global deluge, Ellicott and Poole the visible horizon, and Cambridge (1880s), from a uniformitarian and higher-critical stance, denies a universal flood outright. All three are quoted; none is silently suppressed.

(3) Source criticism is reported, not adopted. Cambridge and the Pulpit Commentary repeatedly invoke the J/P documentary division (e.g. the alternation of Jehovah and Elohim, the ‘doublets’ in vv.7–9 / 13–16). Keil’s and the Pulpit Commentary’s rebuttals are quoted alongside, and the synthesis follows the conservative reading (Keil: the name-change is no criterion of authorship) while letting the critical voices stand on the record.

(4) Cross-references. All Hebrew↔Hebrew threads cite Verifier-computed shared Strong’s lexemes, with verse-frequencies given so the reader can judge rarity for himself. The three New Testament links (Hebrews 11:7; 1 Peter 3:20–21; Matthew 24 / Luke 17) are flagged, exactly as the rules require for cross-Testament ties: a Greek↔Hebrew connection can share no Strong’s number, so these rest on the New Testament writers’ own readings and are argued, not asserted as verbal. The Christ-readings are marked ancient/widely-held except the ‘death unto death / life unto life’ figure at v.17, which is marked novel as a synthesis observation.

= human, public-domain source, quoted and named. = machine synthesis, to be verified. Flagged cross-references are left visible on purpose — the verifier working in the open. “Search the Scriptures daily, whether those things were so.” (Acts 17:11)