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Leviticus 14:1–32 — Cleansing from Skin Diseases. Each verse below carries the full apparatus: the Berean Standard Bible, the vocalized original (tap any word), and a parsed breakdown of every term transcribed from the interlinear. Synthesized commentary, canonical threads, and the reading of Christ gather at the end, over the whole unit.

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Charles EllicottCommentary for English Readers1878

The regulations for the purification of the leper are delivered to Moses alone, who is to communicate them to Aaron and his sons, whilst the rules by which the distemper is to be discerned were given both to Moses and Aaron.

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Alexander MaclarenExpositions of Holy Scripturec. 1905

The whole treatment of leprosy is parabolic. Leprosy itself is a ‘parable of death.’ The horrible loathsomeness, the contagiousness, the non-curableness, etc. So the man was shut out from camp and from sanctuary.

Maclaren names the governing key for the whole chapter.

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Keil & DelitzschBiblical Commentary on the Old Testament1860s

As leprosy, regarded as a decomposition of the vital juices, and as putrefaction in a living body, was an image of death, and like this introduced the same dissolution and destruction of life into the corporeal sphere which sin introduced into the spiritual

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Then the LORD said to Moses,

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

Yah·weh way·ḏab·bêr ’el- mō·šeh lê·mōr

Word by word5 · parsed

יְהוָ֖הYah·wehThen the LORDH3068

√ Yᵉhôvâh — Jehovah, Jewish national name of GodNounpropermasculine singular

יְהוָה (H3068) — the proper covenant Name, fronted for emphasis: it is this God, the One who redeemed Israel from Egypt, who legislates the leper's return.

וַיְדַבֵּ֥רway·ḏab·bêrsaidH1696

√ dâbar — perhaps properly, to arrangeConjunctive wawVerbPielConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular

וַיְדַבֵּר — the standard Piel "and-he-spoke" that heads each new revelation block in Leviticus; here it opens the cleansing law as a fresh word, distinct from the diagnostic law of ch. 13.

אֶל־’el-toH413

√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition

מֹשֶׁ֥הmō·šehMosesH4872

√ Môsheh — Mosheh, the Israelite lawgiverNounpropermasculine singular

מֹשֶׁה (H4872) — Moses alone is addressed here, unlike 13:1 where both Moses and Aaron receive the diagnostic rules; the early commentators read significance in this.

לֵּאמֹֽר׃lê·mōr. . .H559

√ ʼâmar — to say (used with great latitude)Preposition-lVerbQalInfinitive construct

לֵּאמֹר — the quotation-opener: it signals the law that follows is to be spoken onward to Aaron and the priests.

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Charles EllicottCommentary for English Readers1878

It was this coming to the priest to which Christ referred when He said to the leper whom He had healed, “Go, show thyself to the priest, and ofter the gift that Moses commanded” ( Matthew 8:4 ).

Ellicott binds the chapter forward to the Gospels.

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The Pulpit CommentarySpence & Exell, eds.1880s

The priest formally examined the leper outside the camp, and made up his mind that he was clean.

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John GillExposition of the Entire Bible1746–63

As the leper was an emblem of a polluted sinner, the priest was a type of Christ, to whom leprous sinners must be brought for cleansing; they cannot come of themselves to him, that is, believe in him, except it be given unto them

Gill reads the passive "he shall be brought" as drawing grace.

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“This is the law for the one afflicted with a skin disease on the day of his cleansing, when he is brought to the priest.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

zōṯ tih·yeh tō·w·raṯ ham·mə·ṣō·rā‘ bə·yō·wm ṭā·ho·rā·ṯōw wə·hū·ḇā ’el- hak·kō·hên

Word by word9 · parsed

זֹ֤אתzōṯThisH2063

√ zôʼth — this (often used adverb)Pronounfeminine singular

תִּֽהְיֶה֙tih·yehisH1961

√ hâyâh — to exist, iVerbQalImperfectthird person feminine singular

תּוֹרַ֣תtō·w·raṯthe lawH8451

√ tôwrâh — a precept or statute, especially the Decalogue or PentateuchNounfeminine singular construct

תּוֹרַת — the unit's frame-word: this whole chapter is the tôrâh of the leper, repeated at v. 32 and v. 54, sealing 14:1–32 as one ordered teaching from entrance (v. 2) to close.

הַמְּצֹרָ֔עham·mə·ṣō·rā‘for the one afflicted with a skin diseaseH6879

√ tsâraʻ — to scourge, iArticleVerbPualParticiplemasculine singular

הַמְּצֹרָע — the Pual participle stresses passivity: the man is one struck. Hebrew morphology already hints at the theology the commentators draw out — leprosy as a divine stroke (cf. Num 12:10).

בְּי֖וֹםbə·yō·wmon the dayH3117

√ yôwm — a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)Preposition-bNounmasculine singular construct

טָהֳרָת֑וֹṭā·ho·rā·ṯōwof his cleansingH2893

√ ṭohŏrâh — ceremonial purificationNounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular

טָהֳרָתוֹ (H2893, ṭohŏrâh, ceremonial purification) — "his cleansing." The day of cleansing belongs to the leper ("his"); the rite is personal, not generic.

וְהוּבָ֖אwə·hū·ḇāwhen he is broughtH935

√ bôwʼ — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)Conjunctive wawVerbHofalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

וְהוּבָא — the passive "he shall be brought" governs everything: the leper cannot initiate his own restoration, a grammatical fact the early readers heard as gospel.

אֶל־’el-toH413

√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition

הַכֹּהֵֽן׃hak·kō·hênthe priestH3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

This shall be the law of the one-being-leprous in the day of his cleansing: and-he-shall-be-brought to the priest.

Where the English smooths the original

תּוֹרַ֣ת tō·w·raṯ (H8451, tôrâh) is not a generic "law" but a precept / instruction from the same root as the Pentateuch's own name; the BSB's "the law" is right but flattens that this is torah, an ordered teaching, not a statute among many.
הַמְּצֹרָ֔ע ham·mə·ṣō·rā‘ (H6879) is a Pual participle, "the-one-being-scourged/struck" — the verb means to scourge, framing leprosy as a blow inflicted, not a mere disease; "the one afflicted with a skin disease" captures the affliction but not the implied striker.
וְהוּבָ֖א wə·hū·ḇā (H935) is a Hofal (passive causative) perfect — "and he shall be brought / caused to come," not "when he is brought." The leper is acted upon; he does not present himself, he is conducted to the priest.

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Keil & DelitzschBiblical Commentary on the Old Testament1860s

On the day of his purification the priest was to examine the leper outside the camp; and if he found the leprosy cured and gone

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Matthew PooleAnnotations upon the Holy Bible1685

for God alone did heal or cleanse him really, the priest only ministerially and declaratively

Poole on the priest's certifying, not curing, office.

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The Pulpit CommentarySpence & Exell, eds.1880s

May we not (as Hesychius suggests) see a figure here of the compassion of our Great High Priest, who has gone forth out of heaven itself, the camp of angel hosts, and has come down to earth, not only to examine but to heal the moral leprosy of sin, 'to seek and to save the lost'

The Pulpit Commentary here cites Wordsworth citing Hesychius; the going-out-of-the-camp read as the Incarnation is an ancient figural reading, not a claim of the text — weigh it as such.

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The priest is to go outside the camp to examine him, and if the skin disease of the afflicted person has healed,

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

hak·kō·hên ’el- wə·yā·ṣā mi·ḥūṣ lam·ma·ḥă·neh wə·rā·’āh hak·kō·hên wə·hin·nêh haṣ·ṣā·ra·‘aṯ min- haṣ·ṣā·rū·a‘ nir·pā ne·ḡa‘-

Word by word13 · parsed

הַכֹּהֵ֔ןhak·kō·hênThe priestH3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

הַכֹּהֵן (H3548) — "the priest," one who officiates. He cannot cure; he can only certify. The whole rite turns on this limit (cf. Matthew Henry: "The priests could not cleanse the lepers").

אֶל־’el-. . .H413

√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition

וְיָצָא֙wə·yā·ṣāis to goH3318

√ yâtsâʼ — to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proximConjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

וְיָצָא (H3318) — the priest goes out to the unclean man; the movement is downward and outward, toward the excluded one — a shape the commentators read christologically.

מִח֖וּץmi·ḥūṣoutsideH2351

√ chûwts — properly, separate by awall, iPreposition-mNounmasculine singular construct

לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑הlam·ma·ḥă·nehthe campH4264

√ machăneh — an encampment (of travellers or troops)Preposition-l, ArticleNouncommon singular

וְרָאָה֙wə·rā·’āhto examine himH7200

√ râʼâh — to see, literally or figuratively (in numerous applications, direct and implied, transitive, intransitive and causative)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

הַכֹּהֵ֔ןhak·kō·hên. . .H3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

וְהִנֵּ֛הwə·hin·nêhand ifH2009

√ hinnêh — lo!Conjunctive wawInterjection

וְהִנֵּה — the "behold" of healing already accomplished: the rite that follows does not produce the cure but responds to a cure God has already worked outside the camp.

הַצָּרַ֖עַתhaṣ·ṣā·ra·‘aṯthe skin diseaseH6883

√ tsâraʻath — leprosyArticleNounfeminine singular

מִן־min-ofH4480

√ min — properly, a part ofPreposition

הַצָּרֽוּעַ׃haṣ·ṣā·rū·a‘the afflicted personH6879

√ tsâraʻ — to scourge, iArticleVerbQalQalPassParticiplemasculine singular

נִרְפָּ֥אnir·pāhas healedH7495

√ râphâʼ — properly, to mend (by stitching), iVerbNifalPerfectthird person masculine singular

נִרְפָּא — the passive perfect: the disease is gone before the priest arrives. Restoration to the community follows healing; it never causes it.

נֶֽגַע־ne·ḡa‘-. . .H5061

√ negaʻ — a blow (figuratively, infliction)Nounmasculine singular construct

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And-shall-go-out the priest to outside the camp, and-shall-look the priest, and behold, the leprosy has-been-healed from the leprous one,

Where the English smooths the original

מִח֖וּץ mi·ḥūṣ (H2351) means "to-the-outside," from a root meaning to separate by a wall. The priest must physically go out beyond the camp's boundary; the BSB's "go outside the camp" is accurate, but the Hebrew stresses the wall of separation crossed to reach the dead-among-the-living.
וְהִנֵּ֛ה wə·hin·nêh (H2009) is the interjection "and behold!" — a pointing finger, dramatizing the priest's discovery. The BSB's quiet "and if" turns an exclamation into a condition and loses the moment of recognition.
נִרְפָּ֥א nir·pā (H7495, râphâʼ, properly to mend by stitching) is Niphal (passive) — "has been healed," not "has healed." The leper does not heal; he is healed, by an unnamed agent the text leaves to God.

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Joseph BensonCommentary on the Old and New Testaments1810s

Cedar seems to be chosen, to denote that the leper was now freed from that corruption which his leprosy had brought upon him, that kind of wood being in a manner incorruptible. Scarlet — A thread of wool of a scarlet colour, to represent both the leper’s sinfulness, and the blood of Christ

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Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges—1880s

From 1 Kings 4:33 it appears that cedar and hyssop were regarded as two extremes in respect of size among trees

The cedar–hyssop pair spans the whole vegetable kingdom.

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Albert BarnesNotes on the Bible1834

These three substances were used as the common materials in rites of purification (compare Exodus 12:22 ; Numbers 19:8 ; Psalm 51:7 ; Hebrews 9:19 )

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Jamieson, Fausset & BrownCommentary Critical and Explanatory1871

A stick of this shrub was bound to a bunch of hyssop by a scarlet ribbon, and the living bird was to be so attached to it, that when they dipped the branches in the water, the tail of the bird might also be moistened, but not the head nor the wings, that it might not be impeded in its flight when let loose.

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the priest shall order that two live clean birds, cedar wood, scarlet yarn, and hyssop be brought for the one to be cleansed.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

hak·kō·hên wə·ṣiw·wāh šə·tê- ḥay·yō·wṯ ṭə·hō·rō·wṯ ṣip·po·rîm ’e·rez wə·‘êṣ ū·šə·nî ṯō·w·la·‘aṯ wə·’ê·zōḇ wə·lā·qaḥ lam·miṭ·ṭa·hêr

Word by word13 · parsed

הַכֹּהֵ֔ןhak·kō·hênthe priestH3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

וְצִוָּה֙wə·ṣiw·wāhshall orderH6680

√ tsâvâh — (intensively) to constitute, enjoinConjunctive wawVerbPielConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

שְׁתֵּֽי־šə·tê-that twoH8147

√ shᵉnayim — twoNumberfeminine dual construct

שְׁתֵּי (H8147) — "two": the dual structure (one slain, one freed) is the engine of the symbol, paralleling the two goats of the Day of Atonement (Lev 16).

חַיּ֖וֹתḥay·yō·wṯliveH2416

√ chay — aliveAdjectivefeminine plural

חַיּוֹת — "living"; the birds must be of a clean kind (v. 4 "clean") — fit creatures standing for a member of the clean, chosen people.

טְהֹר֑וֹתṭə·hō·rō·wṯcleanH2889

√ ṭâhôwr — pure (in a physical, chemical, ceremonial or moral sense)Adjectivefeminine plural

צִפֳּרִ֥יםṣip·po·rîmbirdsH6833

√ tsippôwr — a little bird (as hopping)Nouncommon plural

אֶ֔רֶז’e·rezcedarH730

√ ʼerez — a cedar tree (from the tenacity of its roots)Nounmasculine singular

אֶרֶז — cedar, prized for incorruptibility and antiseptic resin; Jewish tradition also read its height as the pride that, humbled, called down the stroke of leprosy (Cambridge, Ellicott).

וְעֵ֣ץwə·‘êṣwoodH6086

√ ʻêts — a tree (from its firmness)Conjunctive wawNounmasculine singular construct

וּשְׁנִ֥יū·šə·nîscarlet yarnH8144

√ shânîy — crimson, properly, the insect or its color, also stuff dyed with itConjunctive wawNounmasculine singular construct

שְׁנִי — crimson/scarlet: the color of blood and vital energy, read variously as the leper's renewed health and as a figure of the blood of Christ (Poole, Hebrews 9:19).

תוֹלַ֖עַתṯō·w·la·‘aṯ. . .H8438

√ tôwlâʻ — the crimson-grub, but used only (in this connection) of the colorfrom it, and cloths dyed therewithNounfeminine singular

וְאֵזֹֽב׃wə·’ê·zōḇand hyssopH231

√ ʼêzôwb — hyssopConjunctive wawNounmasculine singular

אֵזֹב (H231, hyssop) — the lowly purifying herb of the Passover (Exod 12:22) and of Psalm 51:7 ("purge me with hyssop"); chosen for sprinkling and for its fragrance against the leper's stench.

וְלָקַ֧חwə·lā·qaḥbe broughtH3947

√ lâqach — to take (in the widest variety of applications)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

לַמִּטַּהֵ֛רlam·miṭ·ṭa·hêrfor the one to be cleansedH2891

√ ṭâhêr — to be pure (physical sound, clear, unadulteratedPreposition-l, ArticleVerbHitpaelParticiplemasculine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

then-shall-command the priest, and-he-shall-take for the one-being-cleansed two birds, living, clean, and-wood-of cedar, and crimson-of worm, and hyssop.

Where the English smooths the original

וְצִוָּה֙ wə·ṣiw·wāh (H6680) is "and he shall command," with the next verb "and he shall take" — literally the priest commands, and one takes. The BSB's "shall order that... be brought" smooths over the Hebrew's ambiguity about who takes (the leper, his kin, or an attendant).
חַיּ֖וֹת ḥay·yō·wṯ (H2416, chay, "alive") is emphatic — living birds. The aliveness is the whole point of the symbol (one dies, one is released alive). The BSB's "live clean birds" keeps it, but the word will return charged at v. 6–7.
וּשְׁנִ֥י תוֹלַ֖עַת Two words, šə·nî (H8144, crimson) + tō·w·la·‘aṯ (H8438, the crimson-grub/worm) — literally "crimson of the worm," the dye made from a crushed insect. "Scarlet yarn" names the product and hides that the color of life is wrung from a dying creature.
אֶ֔רֶז ’e·rez (H730, cedar, "from the tenacity of its roots") — the great incorruptible tree, paired with lowly hyssop (H231) to span the whole range of plant life; the BSB's "cedar wood" is right but the pairing with hyssop is the freight.

The Voices✦ 3 public domain

Keil & DelitzschBiblical Commentary on the Old Testament1860s

The two birds were symbols of the person to be cleansed. The one let loose into the open country is regarded by all the commentators as a symbolical representation of the fact, that the former leper was now imbued with new vital energy, and released from the fetters of his disease

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Joseph BensonCommentary on the Old and New Testaments1810s

Thus the blood of the bird and the water were mixed together, partly for the convenience of sprinkling, and partly to signify Christ, who came by water and blood, 1 John 5:6 .

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John GillExposition of the Entire Bible1746–63

the killing of this bird may have respect to the sufferings, death, and bloodshed of Christ, which were necessary for the purging and cleansing of leprous sinners, and which were endured in his human nature, comparable to an earthen vessel

Gill reads the clay vessel as Christ's mortal body.

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Then the priest shall command that one of the birds be slaughtered over fresh water in a clay pot.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

hak·kō·hên wə·ṣiw·wāh hā·’e·ḥāṯ haṣ·ṣip·pō·wr wə·šā·ḥaṭ ’eṯ- ‘al- ḥay·yîm ma·yim ’el- ḥe·reś kə·lî-

Word by word12 · parsed

הַכֹּהֵ֔ןhak·kō·hênThen the priestH3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

וְצִוָּה֙wə·ṣiw·wāhshall commandH6680

√ tsâvâh — (intensively) to constitute, enjoinConjunctive wawVerbPielConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

הָאֶחָ֑תhā·’e·ḥāṯthat oneH259

√ ʼechâd — properly, united, iArticleNumberfeminine singular

הַצִּפּ֣וֹרhaṣ·ṣip·pō·wrof the birdsH6833

√ tsippôwr — a little bird (as hopping)ArticleNouncommon singular

וְשָׁחַ֖טwə·šā·ḥaṭbe slaughteredH7819

√ shâchaṭ — to slaughter (in sacrifice or massacre)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

וְשָׁחַט — sacrificial slaughter-language used for a killing that is technically not a sacrifice: it sets the death of the one bird inside the grammar of atonement without being an altar-offering.

אֶת־’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker

עַל־‘al-overH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

חַיִּֽים׃ḥay·yîmfreshH2416

√ chay — aliveAdjectivemasculine plural

חַיִּים — "living" water: the blood of death mixes into water of life. Benson and Poole link this directly to 1 John 5:6, "this is he that came by water and blood."

מַ֥יִםma·yimwaterH4325

√ mayim — waterNounmasculine plural

אֶל־’el-inH413

√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition

חֶ֖רֶשׂḥe·reśa clayH2789

√ cheres — a piece of potteryNounmasculine singular

חֶרֶשׂ — an earthen vessel, required to be new; the breakable clay holds the blood-and-water that cleanses, a vessel as mortal as the death it contains.

כְּלִי־kə·lî-potH3627

√ kᵉlîy — something prepared, iNounmasculine singular construct

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And-shall-command the priest, and-he-shall-slaughter the bird, the one, into a vessel-of clay over living water.

Where the English smooths the original

וְשָׁחַ֖ט wə·šā·ḥaṭ (H7819, shâchaṭ) is the verb for sacrificial slaughter — to kill in sacrifice or massacre. The BSB's "be slaughtered" keeps the cultic weight; yet the commentators stress this killing is not a true sacrifice, since no blood is brought to the altar.
חַיִּֽים ḥay·yîm (H2416) modifying water means living water — fresh, spring or flowing water — not "fresh" in the modern sense. The same root "living" (chay) just described the birds; the death of the one bird drains into living water. The BSB's "fresh water" loses the deliberate echo of life.
חֶ֖רֶשׂ ḥe·reś (H2789) is a potsherd / piece of pottery — a humble, breakable earthen vessel. Gill and others heard in this clay jar the frail human body of Christ (2 Cor 4:7); the BSB's "clay pot" is literal but the figure is in the fragility.

And he is to take the live bird together with the cedar wood, scarlet yarn, and hyssop, and dip them into the blood of the bird that was slaughtered over the fresh water.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

’eṯ- yiq·qaḥ ’ō·ṯāh wə·’eṯ- ha·ḥay·yāh haṣ·ṣip·pōr hā·’e·rez wə·’eṯ- ‘êṣ šə·nî hat·tō·w·la·‘aṯ wə·’eṯ- hā·’ê·zōḇ wə·ṭā·ḇal ’ō·w·ṯām wə·’êṯ bə·ḏam haṣ·ṣip·pōr haṣ·ṣip·pōr haš·šə·ḥu·ṭāh ‘al ha·ḥay·yāh ha·ḥay·yîm ham·ma·yim

Word by word24 · parsed

אֶת־’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker

יִקַּ֣חyiq·qaḥAnd he is to takeH3947

√ lâqach — to take (in the widest variety of applications)VerbQalImperfectthird person masculine singular

אֹתָ֔הּ’ō·ṯāhH853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object markerthird person feminine singular

וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker

הַֽחַיָּה֙ha·ḥay·yāhthe liveH2416

√ chay — aliveArticleAdjectivefeminine singular

הַחַיָּה — "the living" bird, repeated to bind the surviving bird to the dead one: it is steeped in the other's blood before it flies free, carrying death's mark into life.

הַצִּפֹּ֤רhaṣ·ṣip·pōrbirdH6833

√ tsippôwr — a little bird (as hopping)ArticleNouncommon singular

הָאֶ֛רֶזhā·’e·reztogether with the cedarH730

√ ʼerez — a cedar tree (from the tenacity of its roots)ArticleNounmasculine singular

וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker

עֵ֥ץ‘êṣwoodH6086

√ ʻêts — a tree (from its firmness)Nounmasculine singular construct

שְׁנִ֥יšə·nîscarlet yarnH8144

√ shânîy — crimson, properly, the insect or its color, also stuff dyed with itNounmasculine singular construct

הַתּוֹלַ֖עַתhat·tō·w·la·‘aṯ. . .H8438

√ tôwlâʻ — the crimson-grub, but used only (in this connection) of the colorfrom it, and cloths dyed therewithArticleNounfeminine singular

וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker

הָאֵזֹ֑בhā·’ê·zōḇand hyssopH231

√ ʼêzôwb — hyssopArticleNounmasculine singular

וְטָבַ֨לwə·ṭā·ḇaland dipH2881

√ ṭâbal — to dip, to immerseConjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

וְטָבַל — the immersion: the cedar, scarlet, and hyssop are dipped together with the living bird, the whole bundle plunged into blood-and-water so the sprinkling can carry every symbol at once.

אוֹתָ֜ם’ō·w·ṯāmH853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object markerthird person masculine plural

וְאֵ֣ת׀wə·’êṯthemH853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker

בְּדַם֙bə·ḏaminto the bloodH1818

√ dâm — blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animalPreposition-bNounmasculine singular construct

בְּדַם — blood is the medium; Keil notes the slain bird's death shows the leper "would necessarily have suffered death on account of his uncleanness" had mercy not delivered him.

הַצִּפֹּ֣רhaṣ·ṣip·pōr. . .H6833

√ tsippôwr — a little bird (as hopping)ArticleNouncommon singular

הַצִּפֹּ֣רhaṣ·ṣip·pōrof the birdH6833

√ tsippôwr — a little bird (as hopping)ArticleNouncommon singular

הַשְּׁחֻטָ֔הhaš·šə·ḥu·ṭāhthat was slaughteredH7819

√ shâchaṭ — to slaughter (in sacrifice or massacre)ArticleVerbQalQalPassParticiplefeminine singular

עַ֖ל‘aloverH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

הַֽחַיָּ֗הha·ḥay·yāhH2416

√ chay — aliveArticleAdjectivefeminine singular

הַֽחַיִּֽים׃ha·ḥay·yîmthe freshH2416

√ chay — aliveArticleAdjectivemasculine plural

הַמַּ֥יִםham·ma·yimwaterH4325

√ mayim — waterArticleNounmasculine plural

Literal — word-for-word from the original

The bird, the living one — he shall take it, and the cedar-wood, and the crimson-of-worm, and the hyssop, and he shall dip them and the living bird in the blood of the bird, the slaughtered one, over the living water.

Where the English smooths the original

וְטָבַ֨ל wə·ṭā·ḇal (H2881, ṭâbal, "to dip, to immerse") — the same root behind later immersion language. The living bird and the bound bundle are immersed in the blood-water; the BSB's "dip them into" is exact but the verb carries the full weight of immersion in death's blood.
הַֽחַיָּה֙ ... הַשְּׁחֻטָ֔ה The text sets the two birds in stark apposition: ha·ḥay·yāh ("the living") and haš·šə·ḥu·ṭāh ("the slaughtered"). The living is plunged into the blood of the slain — a union the BSB's flowing prose strings out and softens.
בְּדַם֙ bə·ḏam (H1818, dâm, blood as "that which when shed causes death") — the living bird is dipped in the blood. Blood, not water, is the cleansing agent; the water only extends it. The BSB renders "into the blood" rightly, but blood's primacy is the theology.

The Voices✦ 4 public domain

Albert BarnesNotes on the Bible1834

Seven times - The seal of the covenant, expressed in the number seven (compare Leviticus 14:9 ), was renewed in sprinkling him who, during his leprosy, had lived as an outcast.

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The Pulpit CommentarySpence & Exell, eds.1880s

The deathly and unclean state of the leper having been symbolically transferred from the dead bird to the living bird by the latter's being sprinkled in the former's blood, the living bird stands in the position of the scapegoat, on whom the sins of the people were laid.

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Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges—1880s

The similarity between the two birds and the two goats brought on the Day of Atonement has been noted by Jewish and Christian commentators; it is necessary to point out the differences.

Cambridge presses the differences from Lev 16, not just the likeness.

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Charles EllicottCommentary for English Readers1878

The release of the bird symbolised the freedom restored to the patient, who, like the bird, was now at liberty to go where he liked without any restraint.

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Seven times he shall sprinkle the one to be cleansed of the skin disease. Then he shall pronounce him clean and release the live bird into the open field.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

še·ḇa‘ pə·‘ā·mîm wə·hiz·zāh ‘al ham·miṭ·ṭa·hêr min- haṣ·ṣā·ra·‘aṯ wə·ṭi·hă·rōw wə·šil·laḥ ’eṯ- ha·ḥay·yāh haṣ·ṣip·pōr ‘al- pə·nê haś·śā·ḏeh

Word by word15 · parsed

שֶׁ֣בַעše·ḇa‘SevenH7651

√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Numberfeminine singular

שֶׁבַע (H7651, "seven, the sacred full one") — the sevenfold sprinkling marks complete, covenant purification; Barnes calls seven "the seal of the covenant." Naaman likewise dipped seven times (2 Kings 5).

פְּעָמִ֑יםpə·‘ā·mîmtimesH6471

√ paʻam — a stroke, literally or figuratively (in various applications, as follow)Nounfeminine plural

וְהִזָּ֗הwə·hiz·zāhhe shall sprinkleH5137

√ nâzâh — to spirt, iConjunctive wawVerbHifilConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

וְהִזָּה — the verb nâzâh (sprinkle) links this rite verbally to Lev 16:19's sevenfold blood-sprinkling that cleanses the altar; the same gesture purifies leper and sanctuary alike.

עַ֧ל‘al. . .H5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

הַמִּטַּהֵ֛רham·miṭ·ṭa·hêrthe one to be cleansedH2891

√ ṭâhêr — to be pure (physical sound, clear, unadulteratedArticleVerbHitpaelParticiplemasculine singular

מִן־min-ofH4480

√ min — properly, a part ofPreposition

הַצָּרַ֖עַתhaṣ·ṣā·ra·‘aṯthe skin diseaseH6883

√ tsâraʻath — leprosyArticleNounfeminine singular

וְטִ֣הֲר֔וֹwə·ṭi·hă·rōwThen he shall pronounce him cleanH2891

√ ṭâhêr — to be pure (physical sound, clear, unadulteratedConjunctive wawVerbPielConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singularthird person masculine singular

וְטִהֲרוֹ — the declarative "pronounce clean": the priest who once shut the man out (Lev 13) now opens the door. He binds and looses by his word.

וְשִׁלַּ֛חwə·šil·laḥand releaseH7971

√ shâlach — to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)Conjunctive wawVerbPielConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

וְשִׁלַּח — "and he shall send away" the living bird: this is the scapegoat's own verb (shâlach, the send-away of Lev 16:22). The freed bird carries the leper's death-state into the open field and flies off, a sign of liberty regained. Commentators (Cambridge, Pulpit) note both its likeness to and its difference from the Atonement-day goat — like, in bearing away the unclean state; unlike, in that no sin-confession is laid on its head and it is loosed in the open country, not led to a wilderness.

אֶת־’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker

הַֽחַיָּ֖הha·ḥay·yāhthe liveH2416

√ chay — aliveArticleAdjectivefeminine singular

הַצִּפֹּ֥רhaṣ·ṣip·pōrbirdH6833

√ tsippôwr — a little bird (as hopping)ArticleNouncommon singular

עַל־‘al-intoH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

פְּנֵ֥יpə·nêthe openH6440

√ pânîym — the face (as the part that turns)Nouncommon plural construct

הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃haś·śā·ḏehfieldH7704

√ sâdeh — a field (as flat)ArticleNounmasculine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And-he-shall-sprinkle on the one-being-cleansed from the leprosy seven times, and-he-shall-pronounce-him-clean, and-he-shall-send-away the bird, the living one, upon the face of the field.

Where the English smooths the original

וְהִזָּ֗ה wə·hiz·zāh (H5137, nâzâh, "to spirt, to sprinkle") is the cultic sprinkling-verb shared with the Day of Atonement and the sin-offering. The BSB's "sprinkle" is right; the rare verb itself is the cross-reference to Israel's deepest purification rites.
וְטִ֣הֲר֔וֹ wə·ṭi·hă·rōw (H2891) is Piel — a declarative "and he shall pronounce-him-clean," not "make clean." The priest's word ratifies what God has done; the BSB's "pronounce him clean" captures this exactly, the priest declaring rather than effecting.
וְשִׁלַּ֛ח wə·šil·laḥ (H7971, shâlach, "to send away") — the living bird is released / sent away, the same send-away verb used of the scapegoat. "Release" is good, but the verbal echo of the scapegoat (Lev 16:22) is in this word.

The Voices✦ 3 public domain

Charles EllicottCommentary for English Readers1878

But though permitted to return to the camp, yet he had to live the first week out of his own house.

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Matthew PooleAnnotations upon the Holy Bible1685

Shave off all his hair; partly, to discover his perfect soundness; partly, to preserve him from relapse through any seeds or relics of it which might remain in his hair, or in his clothes; and partly, to teach him to put off his old lusts, and become a new man.

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Keil & DelitzschBiblical Commentary on the Old Testament1860s

But he had still to remain outside his tent for seven days, not only because he did not yet feel himself at home in the congregation, or because he was still to retain the consciousness that something else was wanting before he could be fully restored

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The one being cleansed must wash his clothes, shave off all his hair, and bathe with water; then he will be ceremonially clean. Afterward, he may enter the camp, but he must remain outside his tent for seven days.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

ham·miṭ·ṭa·hêr ’eṯ- wə·ḵib·bes bə·ḡā·ḏāw wə·ḡil·laḥ ’eṯ- kāl- śə·‘ā·rōw wə·rā·ḥaṣ bam·ma·yim wə·ṭā·hêr wə·’a·ḥar yā·ḇō·w ’el- ham·ma·ḥă·neh wə·yā·šaḇ mi·ḥūṣ lə·’ā·ho·lōw šiḇ·‘aṯ yā·mîm

Word by word20 · parsed

הַמִּטַּהֵ֨רham·miṭ·ṭa·hêrThe one being cleansedH2891

√ ṭâhêr — to be pure (physical sound, clear, unadulteratedArticleVerbHitpaelParticiplemasculine singular

הַמִּטַּהֵר (H2891) — "the one cleansing himself" (Hitpael): now the man acts. After the priest's work on him (vv. 4–7, all passive), the leper begins his own washing — grace received, then worked out.

אֶת־’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker

וְכִבֶּס֩wə·ḵib·besmust washH3526

√ kâbaç — to trampleConjunctive wawVerbPielConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

בְּגָדָ֜יוbə·ḡā·ḏāwhis clothesH899

√ beged — a covering, iNounmasculine plural constructthird person masculine singular

וְגִלַּ֣חwə·ḡil·laḥshave offH1548

√ gâlach — properly, to be bald, iConjunctive wawVerbPielConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

אֶת־’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker

כָּל־kāl-allH3605

√ kôl — properly, the wholeNounmasculine singular construct

שְׂעָר֗וֹśə·‘ā·rōwhis hairH8181

√ sêʻâr — hair (as if tossed or bristling)Nounmasculine singular constructthird person masculine singular

וְרָחַ֤ץwə·rā·ḥaṣand batheH7364

√ râchats — to lave (the whole or a part of a thing)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

בַּמַּ֙יִם֙bam·ma·yimwith waterH4325

√ mayim — waterPreposition-b, ArticleNounmasculine plural

וְטָהֵ֔רwə·ṭā·hêrthen he will be ceremonially cleanH2891

√ ṭâhêr — to be pure (physical sound, clear, unadulteratedConjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

וְטָהֵר — "and he shall be clean": this first cleanness readmits him to the camp (society) but not to the sanctuary (worship); a second stage (vv. 9–20) remains.

וְאַחַ֖רwə·’a·ḥarAfterwardH310

√ ʼachar — properly, the hind partConjunctive wawAdverb

יָב֣וֹאyā·ḇō·whe may enterH935

√ bôwʼ — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)VerbQalImperfectthird person masculine singular

אֶל־’el-. . .H413

√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition

הַֽמַּחֲנֶ֑הham·ma·ḥă·nehthe campH4264

√ machăneh — an encampment (of travellers or troops)ArticleNouncommon singular

וְיָשַׁ֛בwə·yā·šaḇbut he must remainH3427

√ yâshab — properly, to sit down (specifically as judgeConjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

וְיָשַׁב — "he shall dwell outside his tent": a seven-day liminal week, neither fully out nor fully home, mirroring the not-yet of repentance still being completed.

מִח֥וּץmi·ḥūṣoutsideH2351

√ chûwts — properly, separate by awall, iPreposition-mNounmasculine singular construct

לְאָהֳל֖וֹlə·’ā·ho·lōwhis tentH168

√ ʼôhel — a tent (as clearly conspicuous from a distance)Preposition-lNounmasculine singular constructthird person masculine singular

שִׁבְעַ֥תšiḇ·‘aṯfor sevenH7651

√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Numbermasculine singular construct

שִׁבְעַת (H7651) — "seven days": the same sacred span as the sevenfold sprinkling, framing the interval of preparation before full restoration.

יָמִֽים׃yā·mîmdaysH3117

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And-shall-wash the one-being-cleansed his garments, and-shall-shave-off all his hair, and-shall-bathe in the water, and-he-shall-be-clean. And-afterward he-shall-come into the camp, but-he-shall-dwell outside his tent seven days.

Where the English smooths the original

וְגִלַּ֣ח wə·ḡil·laḥ (H1548) is to shave off — the razor passing over the whole body. The same shaving consecrated the Levites (Num 8:7); the BSB's "shave off all his hair" is exact but the consecration-echo is the point.
וְיָשַׁ֛ב wə·yā·šaḇ (H3427, "to dwell, sit, remain") — "and he shall dwell/remain" outside his tent. The BSB's "he must remain" is right; the Hebrew euphemism (per the ancient Targum) implies abstaining from his wife during the seven days of preparation.
לְאָהֳל֖וֹ lə·’ā·ho·lōw (H168, ’ōhel, tent) — restored to the camp but not yet to his own tent. The gap between camp and tent marks a partial restoration: among the people, not yet at home.

On the seventh day he must shave off all his hair—his head, his beard, his eyebrows, and the rest of his hair. He must wash his clothes and bathe himself with water, and he will be clean.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

haš·šə·ḇî·‘î ḇay·yō·wm wə·hā·yāh yə·ḡal·laḥ ’eṯ- kāl- śə·‘ā·rōw ’eṯ- rō·šōw wə·’eṯ- zə·qā·nōw wə·’êṯ gab·bōṯ ‘ê·nāw wə·’eṯ- kāl- śə·‘ā·rōw yə·ḡal·lê·aḥ wə·ḵib·bes ’eṯ- bə·ḡā·ḏāw wə·rā·ḥaṣ ’eṯ- bə·śā·rōw bam·ma·yim wə·ṭā·hêr

Word by word26 · parsed

הַשְּׁבִיעִ֜יhaš·šə·ḇî·‘îOn the seventhH7637

√ shᵉbîyʻîy — seventhArticleNumberordinal masculine singular

הַשְּׁבִיעִי (H7637) — "the seventh day": the interval closes; the doubling of the shaving and washing on day seven marks the threshold from social to sacred restoration.

בַיּ֨וֹםḇay·yō·wmdayH3117

וְהָיָה֩wə·hā·yāh. . .H1961

√ hâyâh — to exist, iConjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

יְגַלַּ֣חyə·ḡal·laḥhe must shave offH1548

√ gâlach — properly, to be bald, iVerbPielImperfectthird person masculine singular

אֶת־’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker

כָּל־kāl-allH3605

√ kôl — properly, the wholeNounmasculine singular construct

שְׂעָר֗וֹśə·‘ā·rōwhis hairH8181

√ sêʻâr — hair (as if tossed or bristling)Nounmasculine singular constructthird person masculine singular

אֶת־’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker

רֹאשׁ֤וֹrō·šōwhis headH7218

√ rôʼsh — the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itcNounmasculine singular constructthird person masculine singular

וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker

זְקָנוֹ֙zə·qā·nōwhis beardH2206

√ zâqân — the beard (as indicating age)Nouncommon singular constructthird person masculine singular

וְאֵת֙wə·’êṯH853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker

גַּבֹּ֣תgab·bōṯhis eyebrowsH1354

√ gab — the back (as rounded)Nouncommon plural construct

עֵינָ֔יו‘ê·nāw. . .H5869

√ ʻayin — an eye (literally or figuratively)Nouncdcthird person masculine singular

וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker

כָּל־kāl-and the restH3605

√ kôl — properly, the wholeNounmasculine singular construct

שְׂעָר֖וֹśə·‘ā·rōwof his hairH8181

√ sêʻâr — hair (as if tossed or bristling)Nounmasculine singular constructthird person masculine singular

יְגַלֵּ֑חַyə·ḡal·lê·aḥ. . .H1548

√ gâlach — properly, to be bald, iVerbPielImperfectthird person masculine singular

וְכִבֶּ֣סwə·ḵib·besHe must washH3526

√ kâbaç — to trampleConjunctive wawVerbPielConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

אֶת־’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker

בְּגָדָ֗יוbə·ḡā·ḏāwhis clothesH899

√ beged — a covering, iNounmasculine plural constructthird person masculine singular

וְרָחַ֧ץwə·rā·ḥaṣand batheH7364

√ râchats — to lave (the whole or a part of a thing)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

אֶת־’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker

בְּשָׂר֛וֹbə·śā·rōwhimselfH1320

√ bâsâr — flesh (from its freshness)Nounmasculine singular constructthird person masculine singular

בְּשָׂרוֹ — "his flesh": Ellicott catalogues the phrase across Leviticus; here the whole body is bathed, leaving no defilement that water can reach.

בַּמַּ֖יִםbam·ma·yimwith waterH4325

√ mayim — waterPreposition-b, ArticleNounmasculine plural

וְטָהֵֽר׃wə·ṭā·hêrand he will be cleanH2891

√ ṭâhêr — to be pure (physical sound, clear, unadulteratedConjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

וְטָהֵר — the day-seven cleanness; Keil: this act "effected his restoration to fellowship with Jehovah, and his admission to the sanctuary," which the eighth-day sacrifices complete.

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And-it-shall-be on the day, the seventh, he-shall-shave all his hair — his head, and his beard, and the brows-of his eyes, and all his hair he-shall-shave — and-he-shall-wash his garments, and-he-shall-bathe his flesh in the water, and-he-shall-be-clean.

Where the English smooths the original

יְגַלַּ֣ח yə·ḡal·lê·aḥ (H1548) — the shaving is repeated on the seventh day, total this time: head, beard, eyebrows, all. The BSB lists them; the Hebrew's exhaustive sweep ("all his hair") leaves nothing of the old growth, a second, fuller stripping.
בְּשָׂר֛וֹ bə·śā·rōw (H1320, bâśâr, flesh) — literally "his flesh," rendered "himself" by the BSB. Ellicott notes "flesh" here means the whole body/self; the standing ritual phrase "wash his flesh in water" recurs through Leviticus (15–16, 22).
וְטָהֵֽר wə·ṭā·hêr (H2891) — "and he shall be clean," the second and fuller cleanness that now qualifies him for the sanctuary, distinct from v. 8's cleanness that only readmitted him to the camp.

The Voices✦ 3 public domain

Jamieson, Fausset & BrownCommentary Critical and Explanatory1871

He was presented before the Lord by the priest that made him clean. And hence it has always been reckoned among pious people the first duty of a patient newly restored from a long and dangerous sickness to repair to the church to offer his thanksgiving

source ↗

Keil & DelitzschBiblical Commentary on the Old Testament1860s

On the eighth day there followed a sacrificial expiation; and for this the person to be expiated was to bring two sheep without blemish, a ewe-lamb of a year old, three-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil as a meat-offering, and a log

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The Pulpit CommentarySpence & Exell, eds.1880s

Leprosy was the type of sin - or all sin whatsoever. When, therefore, the expiatory sacrifices were demanded, both kinds - the trespass offering and the sin offering - had to be offered, because expiation had to be made for the uncleanness which represented all unrighteousness - trespasses as well as sins.

The Pulpit Commentary answers the puzzle of why a healed leper owes a trespass-offering: leprosy figures the whole of sin, so the full expiatory apparatus is required.

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On the eighth day he is to bring two unblemished male lambs, an unblemished ewe lamb a year old, a grain offering of three-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with olive oil, and one log of olive oil.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

haš·šə·mî·nî ū·ḇay·yō·wm yiq·qaḥ šə·nê- tə·mî·mîm ḵə·ḇā·śîm ’a·ḥaṯ tə·mî·māh wə·ḵaḇ·śāh baṯ- šə·nā·ṯāh min·ḥāh ū·šə·lō·šāh ‘eś·rō·nîm sō·leṯ bə·lū·lāh ḇaš·še·men ’e·ḥāḏ wə·lōḡ šā·men

Word by word20 · parsed

הַשְּׁמִינִ֗יhaš·šə·mî·nîOn the eighthH8066

√ shᵉmîynîy — eightArticleNumberordinal masculine singular

הַשְּׁמִינִי — "the eighth": after seven days of purification the sacrificial expiation falls on the eighth, the day of fresh beginnings throughout the Torah.

וּבַיּ֣וֹםū·ḇay·yō·wmdayH3117

יִקַּ֤חyiq·qaḥhe is to bringH3947

√ lâqach — to take (in the widest variety of applications)VerbQalImperfectthird person masculine singular

שְׁנֵֽי־šə·nê-twoH8147

√ shᵉnayim — twoNumbermasculine dual construct

תְּמִימִ֔יםtə·mî·mîmunblemishedH8549

√ tâmîym — entire (literally, figuratively or morally)Adjectivemasculine plural

תְּמִימִים — "unblemished": the offerings must be perfect, an unbroken requirement that points the commentators to the flawless Lamb.

כְבָשִׂים֙ḵə·ḇā·śîmmale lambsH3532

√ kebes — a ram (just old enough to butt)Nounmasculine plural

אַחַ֛ת’a·ḥaṯanH259

√ ʼechâd — properly, united, iNumberfeminine singular

תְּמִימָ֑הtə·mî·māhunblemishedH8549

√ tâmîym — entire (literally, figuratively or morally)Adjectivefeminine singular

וְכַבְשָׂ֥הwə·ḵaḇ·śāhewe lambH3535

√ kibsâh — a eweConjunctive wawNounfeminine singular

בַּת־baṯ-a year oldH1323

√ bath — a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)Nounfeminine singular construct

שְׁנָתָ֖הּšə·nā·ṯāh. . .H8141

√ shâneh — a year (as a revolution of time)Nounfeminine singular constructthird person feminine singular

מִנְחָה֙min·ḥāha grain offeringH4503

√ minchâh — a donationNounfeminine singular

מִנְחָה (H4503, grain-offering) — the bloodless offering of fine flour and oil accompanies the blood offerings; together they speak both atonement and consecrated service.

וּשְׁלֹשָׁ֣הū·šə·lō·šāhof three-tenths [of an ephah]H7969

√ shâlôwsh — threeConjunctive wawNumbermasculine singular

עֶשְׂרֹנִ֗ים‘eś·rō·nîm. . .H6241

√ ʻissârôwn — (fractional) a tenth partNounmasculine plural

סֹ֤לֶתsō·leṯof fine flourH5560

√ çôleth — flour (as chipped off)Nounfeminine singular

בְּלוּלָ֣הbə·lū·lāhmixedH1101

√ bâlal — to overflow (specifically with oilVerbQalQalPassParticiplefeminine singular

בַשֶּׁ֔מֶןḇaš·še·menwith olive oilH8081

√ shemen — grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed)Preposition-b, ArticleNounmasculine singular

אֶחָ֖ד’e·ḥāḏand oneH259

√ ʼechâd — properly, united, iNumbermasculine singular construct

וְלֹ֥גwə·lōḡlogH3849

√ lôg — a log or measure forliquidsConjunctive wawNounmasculine singular construct

לֹג — the log of oil: the one element unique to this rite among all Levitical cleansings, reserved for the anointing that follows the blood (vv. 15–18).

שָֽׁמֶן׃šā·menof olive oilH8081

√ shemen — grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed)Nounmasculine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And-on-the-day, the eighth, he-shall-take two lambs unblemished, and one ewe-lamb daughter-of-her-year unblemished, and three tenths fine-flour, a-grain-offering, mixed with the oil, and one log-of oil.

Where the English smooths the original

הַשְּׁמִינִ֗י haš·šə·mî·nî (H8066) — "the eighth day," the day of new beginning after the complete seven; the day of circumcision (Lev 12:3) and of priestly inauguration (Lev 9:1). The BSB's "eighth day" keeps the count but not its resonance with new-creation beginnings.
תְּמִימִ֔ים tə·mî·mîm (H8549, tâmîm, "complete, without blemish") — the lambs must be unblemished, whole, perfect. The BSB renders it; the same word describes the spotless Passover lamb and, by extension, the lamb "without blemish" of 1 Peter 1:19.
וְלֹ֥ג wə·lōḡ (H3849) — a log, the smallest biblical liquid measure (about an egg-and-a-half by tradition). The BSB transliterates "log"; the oil's scarcity matters — this same small measure will be sprinkled, daubed, and poured through vv. 15–18.

The priest who performs the cleansing shall present the one to be cleansed, together with these offerings, before the LORD at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

hak·kō·hên ham·ṭa·hêr ’êṯ wə·he·‘ĕ·mîḏ hā·’îš ham·miṭ·ṭa·hêr wə·’ō·ṯām lip̄·nê Yah·weh pe·ṯaḥ ’ō·hel mō·w·‘êḏ

Word by word12 · parsed

הַכֹּהֵ֣ןhak·kō·hênThe priestH3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

הַֽמְטַהֵ֗רham·ṭa·hêrwho performs the cleansingH2891

√ ṭâhêr — to be pure (physical sound, clear, unadulteratedArticleVerbPielParticiplemasculine singular

הַמְטַהֵר (H2891, Piel participle) — "the one who cleanses," i.e. the officiating priest; the same priest who pronounced and washed now presents. One mediator carries the man through every stage.

אֵ֛ת’êṯH853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker

וְהֶעֱמִ֞ידwə·he·‘ĕ·mîḏshall presentH5975

√ ʻâmad — to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)Conjunctive wawVerbHifilConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

וְהֶעֱמִיד — "and he shall set/present": the formal standing-before-God, reversing the standing-outside of v. 3.

הָאִ֥ישׁhā·’îšthe oneH376

√ ʼîysh — a man as an individual or a male personArticleNounmasculine singular

הַמִּטַּהֵ֖רham·miṭ·ṭa·hêrto be cleansedH2891

√ ṭâhêr — to be pure (physical sound, clear, unadulteratedArticleVerbHitpaelParticiplemasculine singular

וְאֹתָ֑םwə·’ō·ṯāmtogether with these offeringsH854

√ ʼêth — properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), nearConjunctive wawPrepositionthird person masculine plural

לִפְנֵ֣יlip̄·nêbeforeH6440

√ pânîym — the face (as the part that turns)Preposition-lNouncommon plural construct

יְהוָ֔הYah·wehthe LORDH3068

√ Yᵉhôvâh — Jehovah, Jewish national name of GodNounpropermasculine singular

פֶּ֖תַחpe·ṯaḥat the entranceH6607

√ pethach — an opening (literally), iNounmasculine singular construct

אֹ֥הֶל’ō·helto the TentH168

√ ʼôhel — a tent (as clearly conspicuous from a distance)Nounmasculine singular construct

מוֹעֵֽד׃mō·w·‘êḏof MeetingH4150

√ môwʻêd — properly, an appointment, iNounmasculine singular

מוֹעֵד (H4150) — "meeting / appointment": the Tent of Meeting is the appointed place of encounter; the leper is brought to its very threshold, the boundary of holy presence.

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And-shall-present the priest, the one-cleansing, the man, the one-being-cleansed, and them, before the LORD, at the entrance of the Tent-of Meeting.

Where the English smooths the original

וְהֶעֱמִ֞יד wə·he·‘ĕ·mîḏ (H5975) is Hiphil, "and he shall cause-to-stand / set / present." The priest stands the man up before the LORD — a formal placing of the once-excluded leper into the divine presence. The BSB's "present" is right but the verb is concretely making him stand where he could not before.
לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה lip̄·nê Yah·weh — literally "to the face of the LORD." The man who was sent "outside the camp" (v. 3) is now set before the face of God. The whole movement of the chapter is from outside-the-camp to before-the-face; "before the LORD" preserves it plainly.
פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד pe·ṯaḥ ’ō·hel mō·w·‘êḏ — "the opening of the Tent of Meeting," the threshold of the place of appointed encounter. He stands at the door, not yet within; the BSB's "at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting" keeps the liminal exactness.

Then the priest is to take one of the male lambs and present it as a guilt offering, along with the log of olive oil; and he must wave them as a wave offering before the LORD.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

hak·kō·hên ’eṯ- wə·lā·qaḥ hā·’e·ḥāḏ hak·ke·ḇeś wə·hiq·rîḇ ’ō·ṯōw lə·’ā·šām wə·’eṯ- lōḡ haš·šā·men wə·hê·nîp̄ ’ō·ṯām tə·nū·p̄āh lip̄·nê Yah·weh

Word by word16 · parsed

הַכֹּהֵ֜ןhak·kō·hênThen the priestH3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

אֶת־’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker

וְלָקַ֨חwə·lā·qaḥis to takeH3947

√ lâqach — to take (in the widest variety of applications)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

הָאֶחָ֗דhā·’e·ḥāḏoneH259

√ ʼechâd — properly, united, iArticleNumbermasculine singular

הַכֶּ֣בֶשׂhak·ke·ḇeśof the male lambsH3532

√ kebes — a ram (just old enough to butt)ArticleNounmasculine singular

וְהִקְרִ֥יבwə·hiq·rîḇand presentH7126

√ qârab — to approach (causatively, bring near) for whatever purposeConjunctive wawVerbHifilConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

וְהִקְרִיב (H7126, qârab, to bring near) — the priest "brings near" the lamb as guilt-offering; the same drawing-near verb structures the whole sacrificial system.

אֹת֛וֹ’ō·ṯōwH853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object markerthird person masculine singular

לְאָשָׁ֖םlə·’ā·šāmit as a guilt offeringH817

√ ʼâshâm — guiltPreposition-lNounmasculine singular

לְאָשָׁם — the guilt/trespass offering: alone among the leper's gifts it admits no reduction for the poor (v. 21), being the indispensable condition of full reinstatement (Keil).

וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker

לֹ֣גlōḡalong with the logH3849

√ lôg — a log or measure forliquidsNounmasculine singular construct

הַשָּׁ֑מֶןhaš·šā·menof olive oilH8081

√ shemen — grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed)ArticleNounmasculine singular

וְהֵנִ֥יףwə·hê·nîp̄and he must waveH5130

√ nûwph — to quiver (iConjunctive wawVerbHifilConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

וְהֵנִיף — the waving, rare for a guilt-offering, here transfers lamb and oil to the LORD and consecrates the man through them to renewed service.

אֹתָ֛ם’ō·ṯāmthemH853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object markerthird person masculine plural

תְּנוּפָ֖הtə·nū·p̄āhas a wave offeringH8573

√ tᵉnûwphâh — a brandishing (in threat)Nounfeminine singular

לִפְנֵ֥יlip̄·nêbeforeH6440

√ pânîym — the face (as the part that turns)Preposition-lNouncommon plural construct

יְהוָֽה׃Yah·wehthe LORDH3068

√ Yᵉhôvâh — Jehovah, Jewish national name of GodNounpropermasculine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And-shall-take the priest the lamb, the one, and-shall-present it for a guilt-offering, and the log-of the oil, and-shall-wave them a wave-offering before the LORD.

Where the English smooths the original

לְאָשָׁ֖ם lə·’ā·šām (H817, ’āshām) is the guilt / trespass offering — the offering for debt incurred, requiring restitution. Its presence here is striking: a healed leper owes a trespass. The BSB's "guilt offering" is exact; the theology is that uncleanness is treated as a debt to be paid, not just a stain to be washed.
וְהֵנִ֥יף wə·hê·nîp̄ (H5130, nûp, to wave) — the lamb and oil are waved, a gesture unusual for a guilt-offering (Keil notes it does not happen with ordinary sin/guilt offerings). The waving symbolically hands the gift to God and back; "wave them as a wave offering" keeps the doubled noun-verb.
תְּנוּפָ֖ה tə·nū·p̄āh (H8573) — the cognate noun "wave-offering," paired with its verb (figura etymologica). Hebrew loves this verb-plus-noun doubling for emphasis; the BSB's "wave them as a wave offering" rightly renders the intensifying repetition.

Then he is to slaughter the lamb in the sanctuary area where the sin offering and burnt offering are slaughtered. Like the sin offering, the guilt offering belongs to the priest; it is most holy.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wə·šā·ḥaṭ ’eṯ- hak·ke·ḇeś haq·qō·ḏeš bim·qō·wm bim·qō·wm ’ă·šer ha·ḥaṭ·ṭāṯ wə·’eṯ- hā·‘ō·lāh yiš·ḥaṭ ’eṯ- kî ka·ḥaṭ·ṭāṯ hā·’ā·šām lak·kō·hên hū qō·ḏeš qā·ḏā·šîm hū

Word by word20 · parsed

וְשָׁחַ֣טwə·šā·ḥaṭThen he is to slaughterH7819

√ shâchaṭ — to slaughter (in sacrifice or massacre)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

אֶת־’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker

הַכֶּ֗בֶשׂhak·ke·ḇeśthe lambH3532

√ kebes — a ram (just old enough to butt)ArticleNounmasculine singular

הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁhaq·qō·ḏešin the sanctuaryH6944

√ qôdesh — a sacred place or thingArticleNounmasculine singular

הַקֹּדֶשׁ — the holy place (the court): the lamb's death now happens inside the sanctuary, a deliberate contrast to the bird slain outside (v. 5), marking the leper's progress from exclusion toward the altar.

בִּמְק֣וֹםbim·qō·wmareaH4725

√ mâqôwm — properly, a standing, iPreposition-bNounmasculine singular construct

בִּ֠מְקוֹםbim·qō·wmH4725

√ mâqôwm — properly, a standing, iPreposition-bNounmasculine singular construct

אֲשֶׁ֨ר’ă·šerwhereH834

√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative

הַֽחַטָּ֛אתha·ḥaṭ·ṭāṯthe sin offeringH2403

√ chaṭṭâʼâh — an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiationArticleNounfeminine singular

וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker

הָעֹלָ֖הhā·‘ō·lāhand burnt offeringH5930

√ ʻôlâh — a step or (collectively, stairs, as ascending)ArticleNounfeminine singular

יִשְׁחַ֧טyiš·ḥaṭare slaughteredH7819

√ shâchaṭ — to slaughter (in sacrifice or massacre)VerbQalImperfectthird person masculine singular

אֶת־’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker

כִּ֡יkîLikeH3588

√ kîy — (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below)Conjunction

כַּ֠חַטָּאתka·ḥaṭ·ṭāṯthe sin offeringH2403

√ chaṭṭâʼâh — an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiationPreposition-k, ArticleNounfeminine singular

הָאָשָׁם (H817) — the guilt-offering, here equated in holiness and priestly portion with the sin-offering: two distinct offerings, one law of most-holy belonging.

הָאָשָׁ֥םhā·’ā·šāmthe guilt offeringH817

√ ʼâshâm — guiltArticleNounmasculine singular

לַכֹּהֵ֔ןlak·kō·hênbelongs to the priestH3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestPreposition-l, ArticleNounmasculine singular

הוּא֙hūitH1931

√ hûwʼ — he (she or it)Pronounthird person masculine singular

קֹ֥דֶשׁqō·ḏeš[is] mostH6944

√ qôdesh — a sacred place or thingNounmasculine singular construct

קֹדֶשׁ קָדָשִׁים — "most holy": Gill reads the guilt-offering, eaten only by priests, as typical of Christ "the most Holy, whose flesh is only eaten by true believers."

קָֽדָשִׁ֖יםqā·ḏā·šîmholyH6944

√ qôdesh — a sacred place or thingNounmasculine plural

הֽוּא׃hū. . .H1931

√ hûwʼ — he (she or it)Pronounthird person masculine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And-he-shall-slaughter the lamb in the place where he-slaughters the sin-offering and the burnt-offering, in the holy place; for like the sin-offering the guilt-offering — to the priest it is — holy-of holies it is.

Where the English smooths the original

הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ haq·qō·ḏeš (H6944, qōdeš, holiness/holy place) — the lamb is slain "in the holy place," i.e. the court, where sin- and burnt-offerings are killed (north of the altar). Unlike the bird of v. 5 (killed outside the camp), this lamb dies within the sanctuary; the BSB's "sanctuary area" marks the shift from outside to inside.
קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים qō·ḏeš qā·ḏā·šîm — literally "holy of holies" / "most holy," the superlative formed by repetition. The guilt-offering is most holy, eaten only by the priests. The BSB's "it is most holy" is exact; the doubled noun is Hebrew's way of forming the absolute superlative.
כַּ֠חַטָּאת ka·ḥaṭ·ṭāṯ (H2403, sin-offering) — "like the sin-offering": the guilt-offering follows the sin-offering's law, belonging to the priest. The comparison-particle k- ("like/as") binds the two offerings; the BSB's "Like the sin offering" preserves the legal cross-reference.

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Keil & DelitzschBiblical Commentary on the Old Testament1860s

the priest put some of its blood upon the tip of the right ear, the right thumb, and the great toe of the right foot of the person to be consecrated, in order that the organ of hearing, with which he hearkened to the word of the Lord, and those used in acting and walking according to His commandments, might thereby be sanctified through the power of the atoning blood of the sacrifice; just as in the dedication of the priests

source ↗

The Pulpit CommentarySpence & Exell, eds.1880s

the ear, the thumb, and the great toe are selected for the purpose of showing, as in the case of the consecration of the priest, that the senses and the active powers of the restored Israelite must be dedicated hence, forth to God.

source ↗

Albert BarnesNotes on the Bible1834

In the same way, and with the same significance as in Leviticus 8:23 .

source ↗

The priest is to take some of the blood from the guilt offering and put it on the right earlobe of the one to be cleansed, on the thumb of his right hand, and on the big toe of his right foot.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

hak·kō·hên wə·lā·qaḥ mid·dam hā·’ā·šām wə·nā·ṯan hak·kō·hên ‘al- hay·mā·nîṯ ’ō·zen tə·nūḵ ham·miṭ·ṭa·hêr wə·‘al- bō·hen hay·mā·nîṯ yā·ḏōw wə·‘al- bō·hen hay·mā·nîṯ raḡ·lōw

Word by word19 · parsed

הַכֹּהֵן֮hak·kō·hênThe priestH3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

וְלָקַ֣חwə·lā·qaḥis to takeH3947

√ lâqach — to take (in the widest variety of applications)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

מִדַּ֣םmid·dam[some] of the bloodH1818

√ dâm — blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animalPreposition-mNounmasculine singular construct

הָאָשָׁם֒hā·’ā·šāmfrom the guilt offeringH817

√ ʼâshâm — guiltArticleNounmasculine singular

הָאָשָׁם — the blood is specifically from the guilt-offering; Cambridge and Keil note it is applied "in the same way" as the ram of consecration's blood (Lev 8:23–24).

וְנָתַן֙wə·nā·ṯanand put itH5414

√ nâthan — to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etcConjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

הַכֹּהֵ֔ןhak·kō·hên. . .H3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

עַל־‘al-onH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

הַיְמָנִ֑יתhay·mā·nîṯthe rightH3233

√ yᵉmânîy — right (iArticleAdjectivefeminine singular construct

אֹ֥זֶן’ō·zenearlobeH241

√ ʼôzen — broadnessNounfeminine singular construct

אֹזֶן (H241, ear) + תְּנוּךְ (H8571, lobe) — "the lobe of the ear": the rare tᵉnûk (7 occurrences) is shared only with the priestly ordination and Exod 29:20. Keil: the ear is sanctified so that with it the man "hearkened to the word of the Lord."

תְּנ֛וּךְtə·nūḵ. . .H8571

√ tᵉnûwk — a pinnacle, iNounmasculine singular construct

הַמִּטַּהֵ֖רham·miṭ·ṭa·hêrof the one to be cleansedH2891

√ ṭâhêr — to be pure (physical sound, clear, unadulteratedArticleVerbHitpaelParticiplemasculine singular

וְעַל־wə·‘al-onH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsConjunctive wawPreposition

בֹּ֤הֶןbō·henthe thumbH931

√ bôhen — the thumb of the hand or great toe of the footNounmasculine singular construct

בֹּהֶן — the thumb (and at v.16 the big toe): hand and foot consecrated for obedient action and walking; the same blood-daubing made Aaron's sons priests.

הַיְמָנִ֔יתhay·mā·nîṯof his rightH3233

√ yᵉmânîy — right (iArticleAdjectivefeminine singular construct

יָדוֹ֙yā·ḏōwhandH3027

√ yâd — a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etcNounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular

וְעַל־wə·‘al-and onH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsConjunctive wawPreposition

בֹּ֥הֶןbō·henthe big toeH931

√ bôhen — the thumb of the hand or great toe of the footNounmasculine singular construct

הַיְמָנִֽית׃hay·mā·nîṯof his rightH3233

√ yᵉmânîy — right (iArticleAdjectivefeminine singular

רַגְל֖וֹraḡ·lōwfootH7272

√ regel — a foot (as used in walking)Nounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And-shall-take the priest from the blood of the guilt-offering, and-shall-put the priest upon the lobe-of the ear of the right, of the one-being-cleansed, and upon the thumb of his right hand, and upon the big-toe of his right foot.

Where the English smooths the original

תְּנ֛וּךְ tə·nūḵ (H8571) is the cartilage / lobe of the ear — a rare word (only 7 verses), and exactly the word used in the consecration of Aaron's priests (Lev 8:23–24; Exod 29:20). The BSB's "earlobe" is right; the rare term is the verbal fingerprint linking the leper's restoration to a priest's ordination.
בֹּ֤הֶן bō·hen (H931, thumb/big-toe) is likewise rare (9 verses), used here twice (hand and foot) and almost only in the consecration rite. Ear, thumb, toe — hearing, doing, walking — are daubed with blood. The BSB renders the body parts; the cluster of rare words is the deliberate echo of ordination.
וְנָתַן֙ wə·nā·ṯan (H5414, nâtan, to give/put) — the priest puts/gives blood on the man, not sprinkles it. The blood is placed precisely; the BSB's "put it on" is exact and the deliberateness matters — each organ is individually consecrated.

Then the priest shall take some of the log of olive oil, pour it into his left palm,

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

hak·kō·hên wə·lā·qaḥ mil·lōḡ haš·šā·men wə·yā·ṣaq ‘al- hak·kō·hên haś·śə·mā·lîṯ kap̄

Word by word9 · parsed

הַכֹּהֵ֖ןhak·kō·hênThen the priestH3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

וְלָקַ֥חwə·lā·qaḥshall takeH3947

√ lâqach — to take (in the widest variety of applications)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

מִלֹּ֣גmil·lōḡ[some] of the logH3849

√ lôg — a log or measure forliquidsPreposition-mNounmasculine singular construct

מִלֹּג (H3849, log) — "from the log of oil": the single small measure brought at v. 10 is now drawn upon; the same scarce oil will be sprinkled, daubed, and poured (vv. 16–18).

הַשָּׁ֑מֶןhaš·šā·menof olive oilH8081

√ shemen — grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed)ArticleNounmasculine singular

וְיָצַ֛קwə·yā·ṣaqpourH3332

√ yâtsaq — properly, to pour out (transitive or intransitive)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

וְיָצַק — "and he shall pour": the oil-rite deliberately parallels the blood-rite; what blood did for atonement (vv. 14), oil now does for consecration.

עַל־‘al-it intoH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

הַשְּׂמָאלִית (H8042, left) — the rare "left": the priest holds the oil in his left palm so his right finger can sprinkle, the same hand-economy seen in the temple-pillar and gate texts (1 Kings 7:21; 2 Kings 11:11).

הַכֹּהֵ֖ןhak·kō·hênhisH3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

הַשְּׂמָאלִֽית׃haś·śə·mā·lîṯleftH8042

√ sᵉmâʼlîy — situated on the left sideArticleAdjectivefeminine singular

כַּ֥ףkap̄palmH3709

√ kaph — the hollow hand or palm (so of the paw of an animal, of the sole, and even of the bowl of a dish or sling, the handle of a bolt, the leaves of a palm-tree)Nounfeminine singular construct

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And-shall-take the priest from the log-of the oil, and-shall-pour upon the palm-of the priest, the left.

Where the English smooths the original

וְיָצַ֛ק wə·yā·ṣaq (H3332, yâṣaq, to pour/cast) — the verb for pouring out a liquid, used of anointing oil and of casting metal. The priest pours the oil into his own hand first; the BSB's "pour it into" is exact and the gesture mirrors the blood-rite just performed, oil now taking the place of blood.
כַּ֥ף ... הַשְּׂמָאלִֽית kap̄ ... haś·śə·mā·lîṯ (H3709 + H8042) — the left palm specifically; the priest's own left hand becomes the vessel. Sᵉmâʼlî ("left") is a rare word (9 verses). The BSB's "his left palm" is right; the careful left/right choreography (left holds, right sprinkles) is part of the rite's precision.

dip his right forefinger into the oil in his left palm, and sprinkle some of the oil with his finger seven times before the LORD.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

hak·kō·hên ’eṯ- wə·ṭā·ḇal hay·mā·nîṯ ’eṣ·bā·‘ōw min- haš·še·men ’ă·šer ‘al- haś·śə·mā·lîṯ kap·pōw wə·hiz·zāh min- haš·še·men bə·’eṣ·bā·‘ōw še·ḇa‘ pə·‘ā·mîm lip̄·nê Yah·weh

Word by word19 · parsed

הַכֹּהֵן֙hak·kō·hênH3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

אֶת־’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker

וְטָבַ֤לwə·ṭā·ḇaldipH2881

√ ṭâbal — to dip, to immerseConjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

הַיְמָנִ֔יתhay·mā·nîṯhis rightH3233

√ yᵉmânîy — right (iArticleAdjectivefeminine singular

אֶצְבָּע֣וֹ’eṣ·bā·‘ōwforefingerH676

√ ʼetsbaʻ — something to sieze with, iNounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular

מִן־min-intoH4480

√ min — properly, a part ofPreposition

הַשֶּׁ֕מֶןhaš·še·menthe oilH8081

√ shemen — grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed)ArticleNounmasculine singular

אֲשֶׁ֥ר’ă·šerH834

√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative

עַל־‘al-inH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

הַשְּׂמָאלִ֑יתhaś·śə·mā·lîṯhis leftH8042

√ sᵉmâʼlîy — situated on the left sideArticleAdjectivefeminine singular

כַּפּ֖וֹkap·pōwpalmH3709

√ kaph — the hollow hand or palm (so of the paw of an animal, of the sole, and even of the bowl of a dish or sling, the handle of a bolt, the leaves of a palm-tree)Nounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular

וְהִזָּ֨הwə·hiz·zāhand sprinkleH5137

√ nâzâh — to spirt, iConjunctive wawVerbHifilConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

וְהִזָּה — the verb nâzâh (sprinkle): one clause linking this oil-sprinkling verbally to the blood-sprinkling of v. 7 and Lev 16:19.

מִן־min-some ofH4480

√ min — properly, a part ofPreposition

הַשֶּׁ֧מֶןhaš·še·menthe oilH8081

√ shemen — grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed)ArticleNounmasculine singular

בְּאֶצְבָּע֛וֹbə·’eṣ·bā·‘ōwwith his fingerH676

√ ʼetsbaʻ — something to sieze with, iPreposition-bNounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular

שֶׁ֥בַעše·ḇa‘sevenH7651

√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Numberfeminine singular

שֶׁבַע (H7651, seven) — the sevenfold sprinkling of oil mirrors the sevenfold sprinkling of blood-water at v. 7; the same sacred number seals both stages.

פְּעָמִ֖יםpə·‘ā·mîmtimesH6471

√ paʻam — a stroke, literally or figuratively (in various applications, as follow)Nounfeminine plural

לִפְנֵ֥יlip̄·nêbeforeH6440

√ pânîym — the face (as the part that turns)Preposition-lNouncommon plural construct

לִפְנֵי (H6440, before/face) — "before the LORD": the oil is first offered Godward (vv. 16) and only then placed manward (vv. 17–18), the order of consecration moving from God to the man.

יְהוָֽה׃Yah·wehthe LORDH3068

√ Yᵉhôvâh — Jehovah, Jewish national name of GodNounpropermasculine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And-shall-dip the priest his finger, the right, from the oil that is upon his palm, the left, and-shall-sprinkle from the oil with his finger seven times before the LORD.

Where the English smooths the original

וְהִזָּ֨ה wə·hiz·zāh (H5137, nâzâh) — the same rare sprinkling-verb used of the blood at v. 7 and on the Day of Atonement (Lev 16:19). Now oil is sprinkled with it, seven times before the LORD; the BSB's "sprinkle" keeps it, but the shared verb ties oil-sprinkling to the deepest blood-rites.
אֶצְבָּע֣וֹ ’eṣ·bā·‘ōw (H676, finger) — the priest's own finger is the instrument, dipped and flicked; a rare and intimate word (28 verses). The BSB's "forefinger" specifies; the Hebrew simply says "his finger," the priest's body itself mediating the consecration.
לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה lip̄·nê Yah·weh — "before the face of the LORD": the seven oil-sprinklings are directed Godward, toward the altar, consecrating the oil before it touches the man. "Before the LORD" preserves the Godward orientation of the gesture.

And the priest is to put some of the oil remaining in his palm on the right earlobe of the one to be cleansed, on the thumb of his right hand, and on the big toe of his right foot, on top of the blood of the guilt offering.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

hak·kō·hên yit·tên ‘al- haš·še·men ’ă·šer ū·mî·ye·ṯer ‘al- kap·pōw hay·mā·nîṯ ’ō·zen tə·nūḵ ham·miṭ·ṭa·hêr wə·‘al- bō·hen hay·mā·nîṯ yā·ḏōw wə·‘al- bō·hen hay·mā·nîṯ raḡ·lōw ‘al dam hā·’ā·šām

Word by word23 · parsed

הַכֹּהֵן֙hak·kō·hênAnd the priestH3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

יִתֵּ֤ןyit·tênis to putH5414

√ nâthan — to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etcVerbQalImperfectthird person masculine singular

עַל־‘al-someH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

הַשֶּׁ֜מֶןhaš·še·menof the oilH8081

√ shemen — grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed)ArticleNounmasculine singular

אֲשֶׁ֣ר’ă·šerH834

√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative

וּמִיֶּ֨תֶרū·mî·ye·ṯerremainingH3499

√ yether — properly, an overhanging, iConjunctive waw, Preposition-mNounmasculine singular construct

וּמִיֶּתֶר (H3499, remainder) — the oil left after the Godward sprinkling is now placed on the man: nothing of the consecrated oil is wasted; what is offered up returns to bless.

עַל־‘al-inH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

כַּפּ֗וֹkap·pōwhis palmH3709

הַיְמָנִ֔יתhay·mā·nîṯon the rightH3233

√ yᵉmânîy — right (iArticleAdjectivefeminine singular construct

אֹ֤זֶן’ō·zenearlobeH241

√ ʼôzen — broadnessNounfeminine singular construct

תְּנ֞וּךְtə·nūḵ. . .H8571

√ tᵉnûwk — a pinnacle, iNounmasculine singular construct

הַמִּטַּהֵר֙ham·miṭ·ṭa·hêrof the one to be cleansedH2891

√ ṭâhêr — to be pure (physical sound, clear, unadulteratedArticleVerbHitpaelParticiplemasculine singular

הַמִּטַּהֵר (H2891) — "the one being cleansed": the same ear, thumb, and toe that received blood (v. 14) now receive oil, the man consecrated twice over.

וְעַל־wə·‘al-onH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsConjunctive wawPreposition

בֹּ֤הֶןbō·henthe thumbH931

√ bôhen — the thumb of the hand or great toe of the footNounmasculine singular construct

הַיְמָנִ֔יתhay·mā·nîṯof his rightH3233

√ yᵉmânîy — right (iArticleAdjectivefeminine singular construct

יָדוֹ֙yā·ḏōwhandH3027

√ yâd — a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etcNounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular

וְעַל־wə·‘al-and onH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsConjunctive wawPreposition

בֹּ֥הֶןbō·henthe big toeH931

√ bôhen — the thumb of the hand or great toe of the footNounmasculine singular construct

הַיְמָנִ֑יתhay·mā·nîṯof his rightH3233

√ yᵉmânîy — right (iArticleAdjectivefeminine singular

רַגְל֖וֹraḡ·lōwfootH7272

√ regel — a foot (as used in walking)Nounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular

עַ֖ל‘alon top ofH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

עַל (H5921, upon) — "upon the blood": the deliberate stacking of oil on blood at the very same points is the rite's clearest sermon — the Spirit's anointing rests on the ground already secured by atoning blood.

דַּ֥םdamthe bloodH1818

√ dâm — blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animalNounmasculine singular construct

הָאָשָֽׁם׃hā·’ā·šāmof the guilt offeringH817

√ ʼâshâm — guiltArticleNounmasculine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And-from the rest-of the oil that is upon his palm, the priest shall-put upon the lobe-of the ear of the right, of the one-being-cleansed, and upon the thumb of his right hand, and upon the big-toe of his right foot, upon the blood of the guilt-offering.

Where the English smooths the original

עַ֖ל דַּ֥ם הָאָשָֽׁם ‘al dam hā·’ā·šām — "upon the blood of the guilt-offering": the oil is placed directly on top of the blood already daubed at v. 14. The BSB's "on top of the blood" is exact; the literal layering — oil over blood, on the same ear, thumb, toe — is the visible theology of sanctification built upon atonement.
וּמִיֶּ֨תֶר ū·mî·ye·ṯer (H3499, remainder) — "and from the rest/remainder" of the oil. After the seven Godward sprinklings (v. 16), the remaining oil in the palm is applied manward. The BSB's "remaining in his palm" keeps it; the same oil serves God first, then the man.

The rest of the oil in his palm, the priest is to put on the head of the one to be cleansed, to make atonement for him before the LORD.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wə·han·nō·w·ṯār baš·še·men ’ă·šer ‘al- kap̄ hak·kō·hên yit·tên ‘al- rōš ham·miṭ·ṭa·hêr hak·kō·hên wə·ḵip·per ‘ā·lāw lip̄·nê Yah·weh

Word by word15 · parsed

וְהַנּוֹתָ֗רwə·han·nō·w·ṯārThe restH3498

√ yâthar — to jut over or exceedConjunctive waw, ArticleVerbNifalParticiplemasculine singular

בַּשֶּׁ֙מֶן֙baš·še·menof the oilH8081

√ shemen — grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed)Preposition-b, ArticleNounmasculine singular

אֲשֶׁר֙’ă·šerH834

√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative

עַל־‘al-in hisH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

כַּ֣ףkap̄palmH3709

√ kaph — the hollow hand or palm (so of the paw of an animal, of the sole, and even of the bowl of a dish or sling, the handle of a bolt, the leaves of a palm-tree)Nounfeminine singular construct

הַכֹּהֵ֔ןhak·kō·hênthe priestH3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

הַכֹּהֵן (H3548) — "the priest": every atoning act in this chapter is mediated; the man never atones for himself, the priest always acts "before the LORD" on his behalf.

יִתֵּ֖ןyit·tênis to putH5414

√ nâthan — to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etcVerbQalImperfectthird person masculine singular

עַל־‘al-onH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

רֹ֣אשׁrōšthe headH7218

√ rôʼsh — the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itcNounmasculine singular construct

רֹאשׁ (H7218, head) — the oil crowns the head, the same head that bore the plague (13:44); commentators read the cleansed and anointed head as the restored man's whole self sanctified.

הַמִּטַּהֵ֑רham·miṭ·ṭa·hêrof the one to be cleansedH2891

√ ṭâhêr — to be pure (physical sound, clear, unadulteratedArticleVerbHitpaelParticiplemasculine singular

הַכֹּהֵ֖ןhak·kō·hênH3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

וְכִפֶּ֥רwə·ḵip·perto make atonementH3722

√ kâphar — to cover (specifically with bitumen)Conjunctive wawVerbPielConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

וְכִפֶּר (H3722, kâphar) — "and he shall make atonement": the unit's central verb, recurring at vv. 19, 20, 21, 29, 31, so that atonement is the chapter's heartbeat. The root means to cover, ransom, pacify; Ellicott notes the rabbinic view that the oil-anointing — especially on the head — was itself what "effected the atonement of the restored leper," the covering reaching the very organs the disease had marked.

עָלָ֛יו‘ā·lāwfor himH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPrepositionthird person masculine singular

לִפְנֵ֥יlip̄·nêbeforeH6440

√ pânîym — the face (as the part that turns)Preposition-lNouncommon plural construct

יְהוָֽה׃Yah·wehthe LORDH3068

√ Yᵉhôvâh — Jehovah, Jewish national name of GodNounpropermasculine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And the rest of the oil that is upon the palm-of the priest, he-shall-put upon the head of the one-being-cleansed, and-shall-make-atonement for him before the LORD.

Where the English smooths the original

וְכִפֶּ֥ר wə·ḵip·per (H3722, kâphar, to cover/make atonement) — the climactic verb of the whole rite: "and he shall make atonement." The BSB renders it; the root means to cover / pacify / ransom, and its placement here makes the oil-anointing, not only the blood, part of the atoning act (so Ellicott).
רֹ֣אשׁ rōš (H7218, head) — the remnant oil is put on the head, the seat of the leprous plague (Lev 13:44) and the place of anointing for kings and priests. The BSB's "on the head" is exact; the head once struck is now anointed, the very site of disgrace becoming the site of consecration.

The Voices✦ 2 public domain

Keil & DelitzschBiblical Commentary on the Old Testament1860s

the priest could proceed to make expiation for him with the sin-offering, for which the ewe-lamb was brought, "on account of his uncleanness," i.e., on account of the sin which still adhered to him as well as to all the other members of the covenant nation, and which had come outwardly to light in the uncleanness of his leprosy

source ↗

The Pulpit CommentarySpence & Exell, eds.1880s

The sin offering is due, according to the regulation given in chapter Leviticus 5:3, in consequence of the man having been in a state of uncleanness. It is followed by the burnt offering and the meat offering, and then the man is restored to his state of legal cleanness, and of communion with God as well as with his fellows

source ↗

Then the priest is to sacrifice the sin offering and make atonement for the one to be cleansed from his uncleanness. After that, the priest shall slaughter the burnt offering

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

hak·kō·hên ’eṯ- wə·‘ā·śāh ha·ḥaṭ·ṭāṯ wə·ḵip·per ‘al- ham·miṭ·ṭa·hêr miṭ·ṭum·’ā·ṯōw wə·’a·ḥar yiš·ḥaṭ ’eṯ- hā·‘ō·lāh

Word by word12 · parsed

הַכֹּהֵן֙hak·kō·hênThen the priestH3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

אֶת־’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker

וְעָשָׂ֤הwə·‘ā·śāhis to sacrificeH6213

√ ʻâsâh — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest applicationConjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

הַ֣חַטָּ֔אתha·ḥaṭ·ṭāṯthe sin offeringH2403

√ chaṭṭâʼâh — an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiationArticleNounfeminine singular

הַחַטָּאת (H2403, sin-offering) — distinct from the guilt-offering of v. 12: now the sin-offering atones "from his uncleanness," addressing the defiled state itself.

וְכִפֶּ֕רwə·ḵip·perand make atonementH3722

√ kâphar — to cover (specifically with bitumen)Conjunctive wawVerbPielConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

עַל־‘al-forH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

הַמִּטַּהֵ֖רham·miṭ·ṭa·hêrthe one to be cleansedH2891

√ ṭâhêr — to be pure (physical sound, clear, unadulteratedArticleVerbHitpaelParticiplemasculine singular

מִטֻּמְאָת֑וֹmiṭ·ṭum·’ā·ṯōwfrom his uncleannessH2932

√ ṭumʼâh — religious impurityPreposition-mNounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular

מִטֻּמְאָתוֹ (H2932) — "from his uncleanness": Keil notes the sin still "adhered to him as well as to all the other members of the covenant nation," the leprosy having made it outwardly visible.

וְאַחַ֖רwə·’a·ḥarAfter thatH310

√ ʼachar — properly, the hind partConjunctive wawAdverb

יִשְׁחַ֥טyiš·ḥaṭ[the priest] shall slaughterH7819

√ shâchaṭ — to slaughter (in sacrifice or massacre)VerbQalImperfectthird person masculine singular

אֶת־’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker

הָעֹלָֽה׃hā·‘ō·lāhthe burnt offeringH5930

√ ʻôlâh — a step or (collectively, stairs, as ascending)ArticleNounfeminine singular

הָעֹלָה (H5930, burnt-offering) — the whole-offering wholly consumed: after sin is covered, the man's total self-dedication ascends to God.

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And-shall-perform the priest the sin-offering, and-shall-make-atonement for the one-being-cleansed from his uncleanness; and-afterward he-shall-slaughter the burnt-offering.

Where the English smooths the original

וְעָשָׂ֤ה wə·‘ā·śāh (H6213, ‘âśâh, to make/do) — "and he shall do / perform the sin-offering." Hebrew uses the plain verb "do" for offering a sacrifice; the BSB's "sacrifice the sin offering" interprets it rightly, but the idiom is simply to do the offering — the whole prescribed act.
מִטֻּמְאָת֑וֹ miṭ·ṭum·’ā·ṯōw (H2932, ṭum’âh, uncleanness) — atonement is made from his uncleanness; the preposition min means "away from." The BSB's "from his uncleanness" is right; the atonement removes a state of ṭum’âh, the very impurity that exiled him, now lifted by sacrifice.

and offer it on the altar, with the grain offering, to make atonement for him, and he will be clean.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

hak·kō·hên ’eṯ- wə·he·‘ĕ·lāh hā·‘ō·lāh ham·miz·bê·ḥāh wə·’eṯ- ham·min·ḥāh hak·kō·hên wə·ḵip·per ‘ā·lāw wə·ṭā·hêr

Word by word11 · parsed

הַכֹּהֵ֛ןhak·kō·hênH3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

אֶת־’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker

וְהֶעֱלָ֧הwə·he·‘ĕ·lāhand offerH5927

√ ʻâlâh — to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount)Conjunctive wawVerbHifilConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

וְהֶעֱלָה (H5927) — "and he shall offer up / cause to ascend": the burnt-offering rises wholly to God, the climax of a process that began with a man cast outside.

הָעֹלָ֥הhā·‘ō·lāh[it]H5930

√ ʻôlâh — a step or (collectively, stairs, as ascending)ArticleNounfeminine singular

הַמִּזְבֵּ֑חָהham·miz·bê·ḥāhon the altarH4196

√ mizbêach — an altarArticleNounmasculine singularthird person feminine singular

וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-withH853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker

הַמִּנְחָ֖הham·min·ḥāhthe grain offeringH4503

√ minchâh — a donationArticleNounfeminine singular

הַכֹּהֵ֖ןhak·kō·hênH3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

וְכִפֶּ֥רwə·ḵip·perto make atonementH3722

√ kâphar — to cover (specifically with bitumen)Conjunctive wawVerbPielConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

וְכִפֶּר (H3722) — "and he shall make atonement": the third and final atonement-statement of the eighth-day rite (vv. 18, 19, 20), driving home that cleansing is achieved by blood and fire, never by washing alone.

עָלָ֛יו‘ā·lāwfor himH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPrepositionthird person masculine singular

וְטָהֵֽר׃סwə·ṭā·hêrand he will be cleanH2891

√ ṭâhêr — to be pure (physical sound, clear, unadulteratedConjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

וְטָהֵר (H2891) — "and he shall be clean": the closing verb of the rite for the able; full restoration is now complete, the leper a worshipper again.

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And-shall-offer-up the priest the burnt-offering and the grain-offering upon the altar; and-shall-make-atonement for him the priest, and-he-shall-be-clean.

Where the English smooths the original

וְהֶעֱלָ֧ה wə·he·‘ĕ·lāh (H5927, ‘âlâh, to go up) is Hiphil — "and he shall cause to go up," i.e. send the offering up in smoke. It is the verb-cousin of ‘ōlâh (burnt-offering, "that which ascends"). The BSB's "offer it" is right; the Hebrew sees the sacrifice ascending to God.
וְטָהֵֽר wə·ṭā·hêr (H2891) — the unit's final "and he shall be clean," the same word that closed v. 8 and v. 9, now spoken with full force: clean for camp, for home, and for sanctuary. The BSB's "and he will be clean" seals the whole two-stage process in one word.

If, however, the person is poor and cannot afford these offerings, he is to take one male lamb as a guilt offering to be waved to make atonement for him, along with a tenth of an ephah of fine flour mixed with olive oil for a grain offering, a log of olive oil,

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wə·’im- hū dal wə·’ên yā·ḏōw maś·śe·ḡeṯ wə·lā·qaḥ ’e·ḥāḏ ke·ḇeś ’ā·šām liṯ·nū·p̄āh lə·ḵap·pêr ‘ā·lāw wə·‘iś·śā·rō·wn sō·leṯ ’e·ḥāḏ bā·lūl baš·še·men lə·min·ḥāh wə·lōḡ šā·men

Word by word21 · parsed

וְאִם־wə·’im-If, howeverH518

√ ʼim — used very widely as demonstrative, lo!Conjunction

ה֗וּאhū[the person]H1931

√ hûwʼ — he (she or it)Pronounthird person masculine singular

דַּ֣לdalis poorH1800

√ dal — properly, dangling, iAdjectivemasculine singular construct

דַּל (H1800, poor) — the pivot of the second half: the law bends for the poor, reducing two birds for two lambs, yet never reducing the guilt-offering. Grace meets poverty without lowering its central demand.

וְאֵ֣יןwə·’ênand cannotH369

√ ʼayin — a non-entityConjunctive wawAdverb

יָדוֹ֮yā·ḏōwafford these [offerings]H3027

√ yâd — a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etcNounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular

מַשֶּׂגֶת֒maś·śe·ḡeṯ. . .H5381

√ nâsag — to reach (literally or figuratively)VerbHifilParticiplefeminine singular

וְ֠לָקַחwə·lā·qaḥhe is to takeH3947

√ lâqach — to take (in the widest variety of applications)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

אֶחָ֥ד’e·ḥāḏoneH259

√ ʼechâd — properly, united, iNumbermasculine singular

כֶּ֣בֶשׂke·ḇeśmale lambH3532

√ kebes — a ram (just old enough to butt)Nounmasculine singular

אָשָׁ֛ם’ā·šāmas a guilt offeringH817

√ ʼâshâm — guiltNounmasculine singular

אָשָׁם (H817, guilt-offering) — alone unreduced: the trespass-lamb remains, "the condition without which there is no reinstatement" (Keil); atonement's core price is the same for rich and poor.

לִתְנוּפָ֖הliṯ·nū·p̄āhto be wavedH8573

√ tᵉnûwphâh — a brandishing (in threat)Preposition-lNounfeminine singular

לְכַפֵּ֣רlə·ḵap·pêrto make atonementH3722

√ kâphar — to cover (specifically with bitumen)Preposition-lVerbPielInfinitive construct

לְכַפֵּר (H3722) — "to make atonement": the purpose-clause that governs the poor man's offering exactly as it governed the rich man's, the same end reached by a humbler road.

עָלָ֑יו‘ā·lāwfor himH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPrepositionthird person masculine singular

וְעִשָּׂר֨וֹןwə·‘iś·śā·rō·wnalong with a tenth [of an ephah]H6241

√ ʻissârôwn — (fractional) a tenth partConjunctive wawAdjectivemasculine singular construct

סֹ֜לֶתsō·leṯof fine flourH5560

√ çôleth — flour (as chipped off)Nounfeminine singular

אֶחָ֨ד’e·ḥāḏ. . .H259

√ ʼechâd — properly, united, iNumbermasculine singular

בָּל֥וּלbā·lūlmixedH1101

√ bâlal — to overflow (specifically with oilVerbQalQalPassParticiplemasculine singular

בַּשֶּׁ֛מֶןbaš·še·menwith olive oilH8081

√ shemen — grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed)Preposition-b, ArticleNounmasculine singular

לְמִנְחָ֖הlə·min·ḥāhfor a grain offeringH4503

√ minchâh — a donationPreposition-lNounfeminine singular

וְלֹ֥גwə·lōḡa logH3849

√ lôg — a log or measure forliquidsConjunctive wawNounmasculine singular construct

שָֽׁמֶן׃šā·menof olive oilH8081

√ shemen — grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed)Nounmasculine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And-if poor he is, and his hand cannot-reach, then-he-shall-take one lamb, a guilt-offering for waving, to make-atonement for him, and one tenth fine-flour mixed with oil for a grain-offering, and a log-of oil,

Where the English smooths the original

דַּ֣ל dal (H1800) means poor, weak, low — the socially small. The BSB's "is poor" is right; the Hebrew word names not just lack of money but lowness of estate, the same word for those God defends throughout the prophets.
וְאֵ֣ין יָדוֹ֮ מַשֶּׂגֶת֒ wə·’ên yā·ḏōw maś·śe·ḡeṯ — literally "and his hand does not reach / attain." The idiom is bodily: the poor man's hand cannot reach the cost. The BSB's "cannot afford" modernizes a vivid Hebrew picture of a hand stretched out but falling short.

and two turtledoves or two young pigeons, whichever he can afford, one to be a sin offering and the other a burnt offering.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

ū·šə·tê ṯō·rîm ’ōw šə·nê bə·nê yō·w·nāh ’ă·šer taś·śîḡ yā·ḏōw ’e·ḥāḏ wə·hā·yāh ḥaṭ·ṭāṯ wə·hā·’e·ḥāḏ ‘ō·lāh

Word by word14 · parsed

וּשְׁתֵּ֣יū·šə·têand twoH8147

√ shᵉnayim — twoConjunctive wawNumberfeminine dual construct

תֹרִ֗יםṯō·rîmturtledovesH8449

√ tôwr — a ring-dove, often (figuratively) as a term of endearmentNounfeminine plural

תֹרִים (H8449, turtledoves) — the accessible birds Moses everywhere allows the poor (cf. Lev 12:8); the law scales the cost while holding the meaning fixed.

א֤וֹ’ōworH176

√ ʼôw — desire (and so probably in Proverbs 31:4)Conjunction

שְׁנֵי֙šə·nêtwoH8147

√ shᵉnayim — twoNumbermasculine dual construct

בְּנֵ֣יbə·nêyoungH1121

√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct

בְּנֵי (H1121, sons-of) — "sons of a dove": the bird-offering of the poor is the very offering Mary and Joseph brought for Jesus (Luke 2:24), the Lord's own family numbered among the dal.

יוֹנָ֔הyō·w·nāhpigeonsH3123

√ yôwnâh — a dove (apparently from the warmth of their mating)Nounfeminine singular

אֲשֶׁ֥ר’ă·šerwhicheverH834

√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative

תַּשִּׂ֖יגtaś·śîḡhe can affordH5381

√ nâsag — to reach (literally or figuratively)VerbHifilImperfectthird person feminine singular

יָד֑וֹyā·ḏōw. . .H3027

√ yâd — a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etcNounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular

אֶחָד֙’e·ḥāḏoneH259

√ ʼechâd — properly, united, iNumbermasculine singular

וְהָיָ֤הwə·hā·yāhto beH1961

√ hâyâh — to exist, iConjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

חַטָּ֔אתḥaṭ·ṭāṯa sin offeringH2403

√ chaṭṭâʼâh — an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiationNounfeminine singular

חַטָּאת (H2403, sin-offering) — one bird for sin, one for burnt: even reduced to two small birds, the double structure of atonement-then-dedication is preserved.

וְהָאֶחָ֖דwə·hā·’e·ḥāḏand the otherH259

√ ʼechâd — properly, united, iConjunctive waw, ArticleNumbermasculine singular

עֹלָֽה׃‘ō·lāha burnt offeringH5930

√ ʻôlâh — a step or (collectively, stairs, as ascending)Nounfeminine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

and two turtledoves or two sons-of a pigeon, whichever his hand can-reach, and-it-shall-be the one a sin-offering and the other a burnt-offering.

Where the English smooths the original

בְּנֵ֣י יוֹנָ֔ה bə·nê yō·w·nāh — literally "sons of a dove," i.e. young pigeons. Hebrew calls the young "sons of"; the BSB's "young pigeons" is right but the idiom "sons of a dove" is the same construction as "son of a year" (v. 10) for a yearling lamb.
אֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּשִּׂ֖יג יָד֑וֹ ’ă·šer taś·śîḡ yā·ḏōw — "whichever his hand can reach": the same hand-reaching idiom as v. 21, repeated to underline the concession. The BSB's "whichever he can afford" smooths the recurring image of the straining, short-reaching hand.

On the eighth day he is to bring them for his cleansing to the priest at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting before the LORD.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

haš·šə·mî·nî bay·yō·wm wə·hê·ḇî ’ō·ṯām lə·ṭā·ho·rā·ṯōw ’el- hak·kō·hên ’el- pe·ṯaḥ ’ō·hel- mō·w·‘êḏ lip̄·nê Yah·weh

Word by word13 · parsed

הַשְּׁמִינִ֛יhaš·šə·mî·nîOn the eighthH8066

√ shᵉmîynîy — eightArticleNumberordinal masculine singular

בַּיּ֧וֹםbay·yō·wmdayH3117

וְהֵבִ֨יאwə·hê·ḇîhe is to bringH935

√ bôwʼ — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)Conjunctive wawVerbHifilConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

וְהֵבִיא (H935) — "he shall bring": the same verb-root (bô’) that made him passive in v. 2 ("he shall be brought") now makes him active; restoration has given the man back his own agency before God.

אֹתָ֜ם’ō·ṯāmthemH853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object markerthird person masculine plural

לְטָהֳרָת֖וֹlə·ṭā·ho·rā·ṯōwfor his cleansingH2893

√ ṭohŏrâh — ceremonial purificationPreposition-lNounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular

לְטָהֳרָתוֹ (H2893) — "for his cleansing": the rare frame-word (14 verses) opening and threading the unit; the poor leper's eighth day stands under the identical purpose as the rich man's.

אֶל־’el-toH413

√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition

הַכֹּהֵ֑ןhak·kō·hênthe priestH3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

אֶל־’el-atH413

√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition

פֶּ֥תַחpe·ṯaḥthe entranceH6607

√ pethach — an opening (literally), iNounmasculine singular construct

אֹֽהֶל־’ō·hel-to the TentH168

√ ʼôhel — a tent (as clearly conspicuous from a distance)Nounmasculine singular

מוֹעֵ֖דmō·w·‘êḏof MeetingH4150

√ môwʻêd — properly, an appointment, iNounmasculine singular

לִפְנֵ֥יlip̄·nêbeforeH6440

√ pânîym — the face (as the part that turns)Preposition-lNouncommon plural construct

לִפְנֵי (H6440) — "before the LORD": the poor man too is set at the threshold, before the face of God, lacking nothing of standing for lacking in means.

יְהוָֽה׃Yah·wehthe LORDH3068

√ Yᵉhôvâh — Jehovah, Jewish national name of GodNounpropermasculine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And-he-shall-bring them on the day, the eighth, for his cleansing to the priest, to the entrance of the Tent-of Meeting, before the LORD.

Where the English smooths the original

וְהֵבִ֨יא wə·hê·ḇî (H935) is Hiphil — "and he shall bring / cause to come" his offerings. Note the reversal: in v. 2 the leper "was brought" (passive) to the priest; now he himself brings his gift. The BSB's "he is to bring" keeps the grammatical recovery of agency — from object to actor.
לְטָהֳרָת֖וֹ lə·ṭā·ho·rā·ṯōw (H2893, ceremonial purification) — "for his cleansing," the same word that opened the unit at v. 2. The frame-word returns, binding the poor man's rite to the rich man's under one ṭohŏrâh; the BSB's "for his cleansing" preserves the echo.

The priest shall take the lamb for the guilt offering, along with the log of olive oil, and wave them as a wave offering before the LORD.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

hak·kō·hên ’eṯ- wə·lā·qaḥ ke·ḇeś hā·’ā·šām wə·’eṯ- lōḡ haš·šā·men wə·hê·nîp̄ ’ō·ṯām hak·kō·hên tə·nū·p̄āh lip̄·nê Yah·weh

Word by word14 · parsed

הַכֹּהֵ֛ןhak·kō·hênThe priestH3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

אֶת־’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker

וְלָקַ֧חwə·lā·qaḥshall takeH3947

√ lâqach — to take (in the widest variety of applications)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

וְלָקַח (H3947, take) — "shall take": the priest's actions for the poor man mirror vv. 12–13 step for step; the abbreviation is in the offerings, never in the priestly mediation.

כֶּ֥בֶשׂke·ḇeśthe lambH3532

√ kebes — a ram (just old enough to butt)Nounmasculine singular construct

הָאָשָׁ֖םhā·’ā·šāmfor the guilt offeringH817

√ ʼâshâm — guiltArticleNounmasculine singular

הָאָשָׁם (H817) — "the guilt-offering": the indispensable trespass-lamb, the one element the poverty-clause leaves untouched (cf. v. 21).

וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-along withH853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker

לֹ֣גlōḡthe logH3849

√ lôg — a log or measure forliquidsNounmasculine singular construct

הַשָּׁ֑מֶןhaš·šā·menof olive oilH8081

√ shemen — grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed)ArticleNounmasculine singular

וְהֵנִ֨יףwə·hê·nîp̄and waveH5130

√ nûwph — to quiver (iConjunctive wawVerbHifilConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

וְהֵנִיף (H5130, wave) — "and he shall wave": the wave-offering, the gesture that hands the gift to God and back, is performed identically for the poor leper.

אֹתָ֧ם’ō·ṯāmthemH853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object markerthird person masculine plural

הַכֹּהֵ֛ןhak·kō·hên. . .H3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

תְּנוּפָ֖הtə·nū·p̄āhas a wave offeringH8573

√ tᵉnûwphâh — a brandishing (in threat)Nounfeminine singular

לִפְנֵ֥יlip̄·nêbeforeH6440

√ pânîym — the face (as the part that turns)Preposition-lNouncommon plural construct

יְהוָֽה׃Yah·wehthe LORDH3068

√ Yᵉhôvâh — Jehovah, Jewish national name of GodNounpropermasculine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And-shall-take the priest the lamb-of the guilt-offering and the log-of the oil, and-shall-wave them the priest a wave-offering before the LORD.

Where the English smooths the original

וְהֵנִ֨יף wə·hê·nîp̄ (H5130) — "and he shall wave them," the same waving as v. 12, repeated for the poor man's lamb and oil. The BSB's "and wave them" keeps it; the rite's signature gesture is preserved unaltered for the poor, so that nothing essential is lost in the concession.
כֶּ֥בֶשׂ הָאָשָׁ֖ם ke·ḇeś hā·’ā·šām — "the lamb of the guilt-offering": even the poor man brings one full lamb for the trespass-offering (v. 21), unreduced. The BSB's "the lamb for the guilt offering" preserves the one non-negotiable: the trespass-lamb stands for rich and poor alike.

And after he slaughters the lamb for the guilt offering, the priest is to take some of the blood of the guilt offering and put it on the right earlobe of the one to be cleansed, on the thumb of his right hand, and on the big toe of his right foot.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wə·šā·ḥaṭ ’eṯ- ke·ḇeś hā·’ā·šām hak·kō·hên wə·lā·qaḥ mid·dam hā·’ā·šām wə·nā·ṯan ‘al- hay·mā·nîṯ tə·nūḵ ’ō·zen- ham·miṭ·ṭa·hêr wə·‘al- bō·hen hay·mā·nîṯ yā·ḏōw wə·‘al- bō·hen hay·mā·nîṯ raḡ·lōw

Word by word22 · parsed

וְשָׁחַט֮wə·šā·ḥaṭAnd after he slaughtersH7819

√ shâchaṭ — to slaughter (in sacrifice or massacre)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

וְשָׁחַט (H7819) — "and he shall slaughter": the lamb of the guilt-offering is slain for the poor as for the rich; the same death secures the same cleansing.

אֶת־’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker

כֶּ֣בֶשׂke·ḇeśthe lambH3532

√ kebes — a ram (just old enough to butt)Nounmasculine singular construct

הָֽאָשָׁם֒hā·’ā·šāmfor the guilt offeringH817

√ ʼâshâm — guiltArticleNounmasculine singular

הַכֹּהֵן֙hak·kō·hênthe priestH3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

וְלָקַ֤חwə·lā·qaḥis to takeH3947

√ lâqach — to take (in the widest variety of applications)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

מִדַּ֣םmid·dam[some] of the bloodH1818

√ dâm — blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animalPreposition-mNounmasculine singular construct

מִדַּם (H1818) — "from the blood": the blood-application of vv. 14 is reproduced word-for-word, the heart of the rite untouched by poverty.

הָֽאָשָׁ֔םhā·’ā·šāmof the guilt offeringH817

√ ʼâshâm — guiltArticleNounmasculine singular

וְנָתַ֛ןwə·nā·ṯanand putH5414

√ nâthan — to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etcConjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

עַל־‘al-it onH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

הַיְמָנִ֑יתhay·mā·nîṯthe rightH3233

√ yᵉmânîy — right (iArticleAdjectivefeminine singular construct

תְּנ֥וּךְtə·nūḵearlobeH8571

√ tᵉnûwk — a pinnacle, iNounmasculine singular construct

תְּנוּךְ (H8571) — the rare ear-lobe word, repeated for the poor man: hearing, doing, walking consecrated with blood, the ordination-pattern held intact for the lowliest.

אֹֽזֶן־’ō·zen-. . .H241

√ ʼôzen — broadnessNounfeminine singular construct

הַמִּטַּהֵ֖רham·miṭ·ṭa·hêrof the one to be cleansedH2891

√ ṭâhêr — to be pure (physical sound, clear, unadulteratedArticleVerbHitpaelParticiplemasculine singular

וְעַל־wə·‘al-onH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsConjunctive wawPreposition

בֹּ֤הֶןbō·henthe thumbH931

√ bôhen — the thumb of the hand or great toe of the footNounmasculine singular construct

הַיְמָנִ֔יתhay·mā·nîṯof his rightH3233

√ yᵉmânîy — right (iArticleAdjectivefeminine singular construct

יָדוֹ֙yā·ḏōwhandH3027

√ yâd — a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etcNounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular

וְעַל־wə·‘al-and onH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsConjunctive wawPreposition

בֹּ֥הֶןbō·henthe big toeH931

√ bôhen — the thumb of the hand or great toe of the footNounmasculine singular construct

הַיְמָנִֽית׃hay·mā·nîṯof his rightH3233

√ yᵉmânîy — right (iArticleAdjectivefeminine singular

רַגְל֖וֹraḡ·lōwfootH7272

√ regel — a foot (as used in walking)Nounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And-he-shall-slaughter the lamb-of the guilt-offering, and-shall-take the priest from the blood of the guilt-offering, and-shall-put upon the lobe-of the ear of the right, of the one-being-cleansed, and upon the thumb of his right hand, and upon the big-toe of his right foot.

Where the English smooths the original

תְּנ֥וּךְ ... אֹֽזֶן tə·nūḵ ... ’ō·zen (H8571, H241) — the rare "lobe of the ear" daubing recurs identically for the poor man, the same ordination-words as v. 14 and Lev 8:23. The BSB's "right earlobe" keeps it; the verbal repetition signals the poor leper is consecrated in every particular as the rich man was.
מִדַּ֣ם mid·dam (H1818, blood) — "from the blood": even in the abbreviated poor-man's rite, blood is applied to ear, thumb, and toe exactly as before. The BSB's "some of the blood" is right; the blood-rite is never reduced, only the surrounding offerings are.

Then the priest is to pour some of the oil into his left palm

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

hak·kō·hên yi·ṣōq ū·min- haš·še·men ‘al- hak·kō·hên haś·śə·mā·lîṯ kap̄

Word by word8 · parsed

הַכֹּהֵ֑ןhak·kō·hênThen the priestH3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

יִצֹ֣קyi·ṣōqis to pourH3332

√ yâtsaq — properly, to pour out (transitive or intransitive)VerbQalImperfectthird person masculine singular

יִצֹק (H3332, pour) — "is to pour": the oil-rite for the poor opens exactly as v. 15, the log of oil being one of the elements the poverty-clause leaves at full measure.

וּמִן־ū·min-some ofH4480

√ min — properly, a part ofConjunctive wawPreposition

הַשֶּׁ֖מֶןhaš·še·menthe oilH8081

√ shemen — grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed)ArticleNounmasculine singular

עַל־‘al-intoH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

הַכֹּהֵ֖ןhak·kō·hênhisH3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

הַשְּׂמָאלִֽית׃haś·śə·mā·lîṯleftH8042

√ sᵉmâʼlîy — situated on the left sideArticleAdjectivefeminine singular

הַשְּׂמָאלִית (H8042, left) — the rare left-hand word, repeated: the choreography of consecration is identical for rich and poor, down to which palm holds the oil.

כַּ֥ףkap̄palmH3709

√ kaph — the hollow hand or palm (so of the paw of an animal, of the sole, and even of the bowl of a dish or sling, the handle of a bolt, the leaves of a palm-tree)Nounfeminine singular construct

and sprinkle with his right forefinger some of the oil in his left palm seven times before the LORD.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

hak·kō·hên wə·hiz·zāh hay·mā·nîṯ bə·’eṣ·bā·‘ōw min- haš·še·men ’ă·šer ‘al- haś·śə·mā·lîṯ kap·pōw še·ḇa‘ pə·‘ā·mîm lip̄·nê Yah·weh

Word by word14 · parsed

הַכֹּהֵן֙hak·kō·hênH3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

וְהִזָּ֤הwə·hiz·zāhand sprinkleH5137

√ nâzâh — to spirt, iConjunctive wawVerbHifilConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

וְהִזָּה (H5137) — "and he shall sprinkle": the sevenfold Godward sprinkling of oil, identical to v. 16; the gesture that consecrates the oil is performed in full for the poor.

הַיְמָנִ֔יתhay·mā·nîṯwith his rightH3233

√ yᵉmânîy — right (iArticleAdjectivefeminine singular

בְּאֶצְבָּע֣וֹbə·’eṣ·bā·‘ōwforefingerH676

√ ʼetsbaʻ — something to sieze with, iPreposition-bNounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular

מִן־min-some ofH4480

√ min — properly, a part ofPreposition

הַשֶּׁ֕מֶןhaš·še·menthe oilH8081

√ shemen — grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed)ArticleNounmasculine singular

אֲשֶׁ֥ר’ă·šerH834

√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative

עַל־‘al-inH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

הַשְּׂמָאלִ֑יתhaś·śə·mā·lîṯhis leftH8042

√ sᵉmâʼlîy — situated on the left sideArticleAdjectivefeminine singular

כַּפּ֖וֹkap·pōwpalmH3709

שֶׁ֥בַעše·ḇa‘sevenH7651

√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Numberfeminine singular

שֶׁבַע (H7651, seven) — "seven times": the seal of completeness, never abbreviated; the poor leper's cleansing is as complete as the rich man's, by the same sacred count.

פְּעָמִ֖יםpə·‘ā·mîmtimesH6471

√ paʻam — a stroke, literally or figuratively (in various applications, as follow)Nounfeminine plural

לִפְנֵ֥יlip̄·nêbeforeH6440

√ pânîym — the face (as the part that turns)Preposition-lNouncommon plural construct

יְהוָֽה׃Yah·wehthe LORDH3068

√ Yᵉhôvâh — Jehovah, Jewish national name of GodNounpropermasculine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And-shall-sprinkle the priest with his finger, the right, from the oil that is upon his palm, the left, seven times before the LORD.

Where the English smooths the original

וְהִזָּ֤ה wə·hiz·zāh (H5137, nâzâh) — the rare cultic sprinkling-verb yet again, identical to vv. 7 and 16. The poor man's oil is sprinkled seven times before the LORD just as the rich man's was. The BSB's "sprinkle" keeps the verb; its repetition guards the full equivalence of the poor leper's purification.
שֶׁ֥בַע פְּעָמִ֖ים še·ḇa‘ pə·‘ā·mîm (H7651 + H6471) — "seven times," the sacred number unreduced. The BSB's "seven times" preserves it; whatever the poverty-clause subtracts from the offerings, it never subtracts from the sevenfold completeness of the cleansing.

The priest shall also put some of the oil in his palm on the right earlobe of the one to be cleansed, on the thumb of his right hand, and on the big toe of his right foot—on the same places as the blood of the guilt offering.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

hak·kō·hên wə·nā·ṯan min- haš·še·men ’ă·šer ‘al- kap·pōw ‘al- hay·mā·nîṯ tə·nūḵ ’ō·zen ham·miṭ·ṭa·hêr wə·‘al- bō·hen hay·mā·nîṯ yā·ḏōw wə·‘al- bō·hen hay·mā·nîṯ raḡ·lōw ‘al- mə·qō·wm dam hā·’ā·šām

Word by word24 · parsed

הַכֹּהֵ֜ןhak·kō·hênThe priestH3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

וְנָתַ֨ןwə·nā·ṯanshall also putH5414

√ nâthan — to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etcConjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

מִן־min-some ofH4480

√ min — properly, a part ofPreposition

הַשֶּׁ֣מֶן׀haš·še·menthe oilH8081

√ shemen — grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed)ArticleNounmasculine singular

אֲשֶׁ֣ר’ă·šerH834

√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative

עַל־‘al-inH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

כַּפּ֗וֹkap·pōwhis palmH3709

עַל־‘al-onH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

הַיְמָנִ֔יתhay·mā·nîṯthe rightH3233

√ yᵉmânîy — right (iArticleAdjectivefeminine singular construct

תְּנ֞וּךְtə·nūḵearlobeH8571

√ tᵉnûwk — a pinnacle, iNounmasculine singular construct

תְּנוּךְ (H8571) — the ear-lobe word once more: the consecration of ear, thumb, and toe is enacted for the poor leper in full, the ordination-pattern complete.

אֹ֤זֶן’ō·zen. . .H241

√ ʼôzen — broadnessNounfeminine singular construct

הַמִּטַּהֵר֙ham·miṭ·ṭa·hêrof the one to be cleansedH2891

√ ṭâhêr — to be pure (physical sound, clear, unadulteratedArticleVerbHitpaelParticiplemasculine singular

וְעַל־wə·‘al-onH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsConjunctive wawPreposition

בֹּ֤הֶןbō·henthe thumbH931

√ bôhen — the thumb of the hand or great toe of the footNounmasculine singular construct

הַיְמָנִ֔יתhay·mā·nîṯof his rightH3233

√ yᵉmânîy — right (iArticleAdjectivefeminine singular construct

יָדוֹ֙yā·ḏōwhandH3027

√ yâd — a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etcNounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular

וְעַל־wə·‘al-and onH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsConjunctive wawPreposition

בֹּ֥הֶןbō·henthe big toeH931

√ bôhen — the thumb of the hand or great toe of the footNounmasculine singular construct

הַיְמָנִ֑יתhay·mā·nîṯof his rightH3233

√ yᵉmânîy — right (iArticleAdjectivefeminine singular

רַגְל֖וֹraḡ·lōwfootH7272

√ regel — a foot (as used in walking)Nounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular

עַל־‘al-onH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

מְק֖וֹםmə·qō·wmthe same placesH4725

√ mâqôwm — properly, a standing, iNounmasculine singular construct

מְקוֹם (H4725, place) — "the place of the blood": the poor man's oil, like the rich man's (v. 17), is laid precisely over the blood-marks; sanctification never floats free of the spot atonement claimed.

דַּ֥םdamas the bloodH1818

√ dâm — blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animalNounmasculine singular construct

דַּם (H1818, blood) — "the blood of the guilt-offering": the oil rests on blood, the order of the rite — blood first, then oil — preserved unbroken.

הָאָשָֽׁם׃hā·’ā·šāmof the guilt offeringH817

√ ʼâshâm — guiltArticleNounmasculine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And-shall-put the priest from the oil that is upon his palm upon the lobe-of the ear of the right, of the one-being-cleansed, and upon the thumb of his right hand, and upon the big-toe of his right foot, upon the place-of the blood of the guilt-offering.

Where the English smooths the original

עַל־ מְק֖וֹם דַּ֥ם הָאָשָֽׁם ‘al mə·qō·wm dam hā·’ā·šām — "upon the place of the blood of the guilt-offering." Here the text says place (mᵉqôm) where v. 17 said simply "upon the blood." The oil goes precisely where the blood went. The BSB's "on the same places as the blood" captures the exactness — the anointing tracks the atonement, point for point.
מְק֖וֹם mə·qō·wm (H4725, place/standing-spot) — a deliberate word, marking that the oil occupies the very locus of the blood. The BSB renders "the same places"; the singular Hebrew "place" underscores that grace builds on the exact ground secured by sacrifice, nowhere else.

The rest of the oil in his palm, the priest is to put on the head of the one to be cleansed, to make atonement for him before the LORD.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wə·han·nō·w·ṯār min- haš·še·men ’ă·šer ‘al- kap̄ hak·kō·hên yit·tên ‘al- rōš ham·miṭ·ṭa·hêr lə·ḵap·pêr ‘ā·lāw lip̄·nê Yah·weh

Word by word15 · parsed

וְהַנּוֹתָ֗רwə·han·nō·w·ṯārThe restH3498

√ yâthar — to jut over or exceedConjunctive waw, ArticleVerbNifalParticiplemasculine singular

מִן־min-ofH4480

√ min — properly, a part ofPreposition

הַשֶּׁ֙מֶן֙haš·še·menthe oilH8081

√ shemen — grease, especially liquid (as from the olive, often perfumed)ArticleNounmasculine singular

אֲשֶׁר֙’ă·šerH834

√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative

עַל־‘al-in hisH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

כַּ֣ףkap̄palmH3709

√ kaph — the hollow hand or palm (so of the paw of an animal, of the sole, and even of the bowl of a dish or sling, the handle of a bolt, the leaves of a palm-tree)Nounfeminine singular construct

הַכֹּהֵ֔ןhak·kō·hênthe priestH3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

יִתֵּ֖ןyit·tênis to putH5414

√ nâthan — to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etcVerbQalImperfectthird person masculine singular

עַל־‘al-onH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

רֹ֣אשׁrōšthe headH7218

√ rôʼsh — the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itcNounmasculine singular construct

רֹאשׁ (H7218, head) — "the head": the poor leper, too, is anointed on the head — the seat of the plague (13:44) — the place of shame becoming the place of consecration, no less for the poor than the rich.

הַמִּטַּהֵ֑רham·miṭ·ṭa·hêrof the one to be cleansedH2891

√ ṭâhêr — to be pure (physical sound, clear, unadulteratedArticleVerbHitpaelParticiplemasculine singular

לְכַפֵּ֥רlə·ḵap·pêrto make atonementH3722

√ kâphar — to cover (specifically with bitumen)Preposition-lVerbPielInfinitive construct

לְכַפֵּר (H3722) — "to make atonement": the same purpose-clause as v. 18, granting the poor man the identical end; the road is humbler, the destination the same.

עָלָ֖יו‘ā·lāwfor himH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPrepositionthird person masculine singular

לִפְנֵ֥יlip̄·nêbeforeH6440

√ pânîym — the face (as the part that turns)Preposition-lNouncommon plural construct

יְהוָֽה׃Yah·wehthe LORDH3068

√ Yᵉhôvâh — Jehovah, Jewish national name of GodNounpropermasculine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And the rest of the oil that is upon the palm-of the priest, he-shall-put upon the head of the one-being-cleansed, to make-atonement for him before the LORD.

Where the English smooths the original

רֹ֣אשׁ rōš (H7218, head) — the remnant oil crowns the poor man's head exactly as the rich man's (v. 18). The BSB's "on the head" keeps it; the head-anointing, the culminating act, is granted to the poor leper without abridgment — the same crown of consecration.
לְכַפֵּ֥ר lə·ḵap·pêr (H3722, kâphar, to atone) — "to make atonement," the infinitive of purpose. The poor man's anointing is for the identical end as the rich man's. The BSB's "to make atonement for him" preserves the unbroken atonement-language threading vv. 18, 20, 29, 31.

Then he must sacrifice the turtledoves or young pigeons, whichever he can afford,

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wə·‘ā·śāh ’eṯ- hā·’e·ḥāḏ min- hat·tō·rîm ’ōw min- bə·nê hay·yō·w·nāh mê·’ă·šer taś·śîḡ yā·ḏōw

Word by word12 · parsed

וְעָשָׂ֤הwə·‘ā·śāhThen he must sacrificeH6213

√ ʻâsâh — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest applicationConjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

וְעָשָׂה (H6213) — "and he shall offer": the plain doing-verb; the poor man's birds are offered as fully as the rich man's lambs.

אֶת־’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker

הָֽאֶחָד֙hā·’e·ḥāḏH259

√ ʼechâd — properly, united, iArticleNumbermasculine singular

מִן־min-H4480

√ min — properly, a part ofPreposition

הַתֹּרִ֔יםhat·tō·rîmthe turtledovesH8449

√ tôwr — a ring-dove, often (figuratively) as a term of endearmentArticleNounfeminine plural

הַתֹּרִים (H8449, turtledoves) — the birds of the poor; their offering completes the substitution begun at v. 22, two small birds standing in for the rich man's three lambs.

א֖וֹ’ōworH176

√ ʼôw — desire (and so probably in Proverbs 31:4)Conjunction

מִן־min-. . .H4480

√ min — properly, a part ofPreposition

בְּנֵ֣יbə·nêyoungH1121

הַיּוֹנָ֑הhay·yō·w·nāhpigeonsH3123

√ yôwnâh — a dove (apparently from the warmth of their mating)ArticleNounfeminine singular

מֵאֲשֶׁ֥רmê·’ă·šerwhicheverH834

√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPreposition-mPronounrelative

מֵאֲשֶׁר (H834) — "from whichever his hand can reach": the repeated concession; the law measures the gift to the giver's means while holding the rite's meaning fixed.

תַּשִּׂ֖יגtaś·śîḡhe can affordH5381

√ nâsag — to reach (literally or figuratively)VerbHifilImperfectthird person feminine singular

יָדֽוֹ׃yā·ḏōw. . .H3027

√ yâd — a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etcNounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And-he-shall-perform the one of the turtledoves, or of the sons-of the pigeon, from-whichever his hand can-reach,

Where the English smooths the original

מֵאֲשֶׁ֥ר תַּשִּׂ֖יג יָדֽוֹ mê·’ă·šer taś·śîḡ yā·ḏōw — "from whichever his hand can reach": the hand-reaching idiom recurs a third time (vv. 21, 22, 30), insistently marking the concession to poverty. The BSB's "whichever he can afford" smooths the persistent image of the straining hand that defines this whole section.
וְעָשָׂ֤ה wə·‘ā·śāh (H6213, to do/make) — "and he shall do" the one bird, the plain Hebrew verb for performing the offering (as in v. 19). The BSB's "sacrifice" interprets it; the idiom is simply to do / make the bird, the whole prescribed act of offering it.

one as a sin offering and the other as a burnt offering, together with the grain offering. In this way the priest will make atonement before the LORD for the one to be cleansed.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

’êṯ ’ă·šer- taś·śîḡ yā·ḏōw ’eṯ- hā·’e·ḥāḏ ḥaṭ·ṭāṯ wə·’eṯ- hā·’e·ḥāḏ ‘ō·lāh ‘al- ham·min·ḥāh hak·kō·hên wə·ḵip·per lip̄·nê Yah·weh ‘al ham·miṭ·ṭa·hêr

Word by word18 · parsed

אֵ֣ת’êṯH853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker

אֲשֶׁר־’ă·šer-H834

√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative

תַּשִּׂ֞יגtaś·śîḡH5381

√ nâsag — to reach (literally or figuratively)VerbHifilImperfectthird person feminine singular

יָד֗וֹyā·ḏōwH3027

√ yâd — a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etcNounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular

אֶת־’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker

הָאֶחָ֥דhā·’e·ḥāḏoneH259

√ ʼechâd — properly, united, iArticleNumbermasculine singular

חַטָּ֛אתḥaṭ·ṭāṯas a sin offeringH2403

√ chaṭṭâʼâh — an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiationNounfeminine singular

חַטָּאת (H2403, sin-offering) — even in the poor man's two birds, the sin-offering precedes the burnt-offering: sin covered, then self dedicated, the unchanging order of approach to God.

וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker

הָאֶחָ֥דhā·’e·ḥāḏand the otherH259

√ ʼechâd — properly, united, iArticleNumbermasculine singular

עֹלָ֖ה‘ō·lāhas a burnt offeringH5930

√ ʻôlâh — a step or (collectively, stairs, as ascending)Nounfeminine singular

עַל־‘al-together withH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

הַמִּנְחָ֑הham·min·ḥāhthe grain offeringH4503

√ minchâh — a donationArticleNounfeminine singular

הַכֹּהֵ֛ןhak·kō·hênIn this way the priestH3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

וְכִפֶּ֧רwə·ḵip·perwill make atonementH3722

√ kâphar — to cover (specifically with bitumen)Conjunctive wawVerbPielConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

וְכִפֶּר (H3722) — "and he shall make atonement": the final atonement-statement of the chapter; the verb that recurs at vv. 18, 19, 20, 21, 29, 31 makes atonement the chapter's heartbeat.

לִפְנֵ֥יlip̄·nêbeforeH6440

√ pânîym — the face (as the part that turns)Preposition-lNouncommon plural construct

יְהוָֽה׃Yah·wehthe LORDH3068

√ Yᵉhôvâh — Jehovah, Jewish national name of GodNounpropermasculine singular

עַ֥ל‘alforH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

הַמִּטַּהֵ֖רham·miṭ·ṭa·hêrthe one to be cleansedH2891

√ ṭâhêr — to be pure (physical sound, clear, unadulteratedArticleVerbHitpaelParticiplemasculine singular

הַמִּטַּהֵר (H2891) — "the one being cleansed": the Hitpael participle, the man's standing title through the whole rite, closes the poor man's section as it opened the rich man's.

Literal — word-for-word from the original

whichever his hand can-reach — the one a sin-offering and the other a burnt-offering, together-with the grain-offering; and-shall-make-atonement the priest for the one-being-cleansed before the LORD.

Where the English smooths the original

וְכִפֶּ֧ר wə·ḵip·per (H3722, kâphar) — "and he shall make atonement," the unit's governing verb, sounded for the last time over the poor leper. The BSB's "will make atonement" keeps it; the same word that crowned the rich man's rite (v. 20) crowns the poor man's, sealing their equality before God.
עַל־ הַמִּטַּהֵ֖ר ‘al ham·miṭ·ṭa·hêr — "for the one being cleansed": the closing phrase returns to the Hitpael participle that has named the man throughout (vv. 4, 7, 8...). The BSB's "for the one to be cleansed" preserves the title; he is, to the last, the one cleansing himself under the priest's hand.

This is the law for someone who has a skin disease and cannot afford the cost of his cleansing.”

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

zōṯ tō·w·raṯ ’ă·šer- bōw ne·ḡa‘ ṣā·rā·‘aṯ ’ă·šer lō- ṯaś·śîḡ yā·ḏōw bə·ṭā·ho·rā·ṯōw

Word by word11 · parsed

זֹ֣אתzōṯThisH2063

√ zôʼth — this (often used adverb)Pronounfeminine singular

זֹאת (H2063, this) — "This": the demonstrative that opened v. 2 reappears to close the unit; the inclusio seals 14:1–32 as a single complete tôrâh of cleansing.

תּוֹרַ֔תtō·w·raṯis the lawH8451

√ tôwrâh — a precept or statute, especially the Decalogue or PentateuchNounfeminine singular construct

אֲשֶׁר־’ă·šer-for someone who hasH834

√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative

בּ֖וֹbōw. . .

Prepositionthird person masculine singular

נֶ֣גַעne·ḡa‘. . .H5061

√ negaʻ — a blow (figuratively, infliction)Nounmasculine singular construct

נֶגַע (H5061, plague/stroke) — "the stroke of leprosy": the closing word for the disease is nega‘, a blow; the chapter ends as it lived, treating leprosy as an affliction lifted only by atonement.

צָרָ֑עַתṣā·rā·‘aṯa skin diseaseH6883

√ tsâraʻath — leprosyNounfeminine singular

אֲשֶׁ֛ר’ă·šerH834

√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative

לֹֽא־lō-and cannotH3808

√ lôʼ — not (the simple or absAdverbNegative particle

תַשִּׂ֥יגṯaś·śîḡaffordH5381

√ nâsag — to reach (literally or figuratively)VerbHifilImperfectthird person feminine singular

תַשִּׂיג (H5381) — "cannot reach/afford": the hand-reaching idiom one final time, so the unit's last clause is the poor man's short-reaching hand — and the law that reaches it grace.

יָד֖וֹyā·ḏōw. . .H3027

√ yâd — a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etcNounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular

בְּטָהֳרָתֽוֹ׃פbə·ṭā·ho·rā·ṯōwthe cost of his cleansingH2893

√ ṭohŏrâh — ceremonial purificationPreposition-bNounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

This is the law of the one in whom is the plague-of leprosy, whose hand cannot-reach regarding his cleansing.

Where the English smooths the original

זֹ֣את תּוֹרַ֔ת zōṯ tō·w·raṯ (H2063 + H8451) — "This is the tôrâh of...": the exact words that opened the unit at v. 2 now close it, forming a literary envelope (inclusio). The BSB's "This is the law" preserves the frame; the whole chapter is bracketed as one ordered teaching, from rich to poor.
נֶ֣גַע צָרָ֑עַת ne·ḡa‘ ṣā·rā·‘aṯ (H5061 + H6883) — "the plague / stroke of leprosy." Nega‘ means a blow, an infliction (the same root struck Pharaoh). The BSB's "a skin disease" is clinically accurate but loses that Hebrew names leprosy a stroke — a blow understood as falling from God's hand.

The verse-by-verse work is done. What follows gathers the whole unit. All three layers below are machine-generated (⚙). Weigh them; they have no authority.

⚙

Grand Commentary — the unit, read whole

synthesis · verify

AI synthesis — woven from the public-domain voices above and the original text; generated and fallible.

i. The parable of death, healed — 1–3

The unit opens not on a cure but on its aftermath: tôrat ham·mə·ṣō·rā‘, "the law of the one-being-struck" (v. 2), the Pual participle naming leprosy as a blow inflicted. Maclaren states the governing key plainly — "The whole treatment of leprosy is parabolic. Leprosy itself is a ‘parable of death.’" Keil & Delitzsch press the same theology from the Hebrew: leprosy "was an image of death, and like this introduced the same dissolution and destruction of life into the corporeal sphere which sin introduced into the spiritual." Crucially, the verbs are passive. The man is brought (wə·hū·ḇā, Hofal, v. 2); the disease has been healed (nir·pā, Niphal, v. 3) before the priest ever arrives. Matthew Henry's blunt summary holds the whole chapter together: "The priests could not cleanse the lepers; but when the Lord removed the plague," the rite of return began. The priest certifies; he does not cure. He even goes out (wə·yā·ṣā, v. 3) beyond the wall of the camp to the one excluded.

ii. Two birds — death and release — 4–7

The first rite is performed entirely outside the camp, with no altar and no priestly blood-sprinkling — which is why the commentators are careful to call it symbol, not sacrifice. Two clean, living birds (the word ḥay, v. 4, drives the whole figure); one is slaughtered into a clay vessel over living water (v. 5), and the other is dipped in its blood — bound to cedar, scarlet, and hyssop — sprinkled on the man seven times, then released alive "upon the face of the field" (v. 7). Keil & Delitzsch read both birds as "symbols of the person to be cleansed," the freed one signing "new vital energy," the slain one showing the leper "would necessarily have suffered death on account of his uncleanness." The Pulpit Commentary and Cambridge both note the likeness to the two goats of the Day of Atonement (Lev 16) — and Cambridge insists "it is necessary to point out the differences": here an ordinary priest, no sin-offering, no blood brought to the altar. The blood-and-water mixture drew the early readers irresistibly to 1 John 5:6: "he came by water and blood" (Benson, Poole). These are the tool's voices reading figurally; weigh them against the text's own silence about Christ.

iii. Washing, shaving, and the seven-day threshold — 8–9

Now the man acts: the Hitpael ham·miṭ·ṭa·hêr, "the one cleansing himself" (v. 8), takes up his own washing, shaving, and bathing after the priest's work upon him is done. Poole hears the moral note in the razor — it teaches him "to put off his old lusts, and become a new man." Yet restoration is staged: readmitted to the camp, he must "dwell outside his tent seven days" (v. 8), neither wholly out nor wholly home. Keil & Delitzsch mark the two acts precisely: the first (vv. 2–8) restores him "into the fellowship of the living members of the covenant nation"; the second (vv. 9–20) "effected his restoration to fellowship with Jehovah, and his admission to the sanctuary." The doubled shaving on the seventh day leaves nothing of the old growth; the man is stripped twice before he may approach the altar.

iv. The eighth day — blood on the ear, oil on the blood — 10–20

On the eighth day the rite turns sacrificial. The healed leper is set to stand (wə·he·‘ĕ·mîḏ, v. 11, Hiphil) "before the face of the LORD" — the very place from which leprosy had exiled him. Then comes the chapter's most arresting detail: blood from the guilt-offering is daubed on the tip of his right ear, his right thumb, and his right big toe (v. 14), using two rare words — tᵉnûk ("lobe," 7 occurrences) and bōhen ("thumb/toe," 9 occurrences) — found almost nowhere but the ordination of priests (Lev 8:23–24; Exod 29:20). Keil & Delitzsch and The Pulpit Commentary both see it: ear, hand, and foot — "the senses and the active powers" — are consecrated, "just as in the dedication of the priests." Then oil is poured into the priest's left palm, sprinkled seven times before the LORD (v. 16), and placed on the blood, at the same points (v. 17), the remnant poured on the head (v. 18). Matthew Henry draws the whole sequence into a single line: "Wherever the blood of Christ is applied for justification, the oil of the Spirit is applied for sanctification; these two cannot be separated." The man once struck on the head (13:44) is anointed on the head; the chapter's verb kâphar, "make atonement," sounds three times (vv. 18, 19, 20) before the closing word: "and he shall be clean."

v. The law that bends for the poor — 21–32

The Hebrew turns on a single word: dal, "poor, low" (v. 21), and the bodily idiom that recurs three times — his hand cannot reach (vv. 21, 22, 30). For the poor, three lambs become one lamb and two small birds; three-tenths of flour become one-tenth. Yet — and the commentators seize on this — the trespass-lamb and the log of oil are not reduced. Keil & Delitzsch: "no diminution was allowed in the trespass-offering... since this was the conditio sine qua non of reinstatement in full covenant rights." Every blood-daubing, oil-sprinkling, and head-anointing is repeated word-for-word (the Geneva notes and Barnes mark the exact parallel), so that Jamieson, Fausset & Brown can say the poor "were as publicly and completely cleansed as those who brought a costlier offering (Acts 10:34)." Matthew Henry: "The poor are as welcome to God's altar as the rich... their souls are as precious, and Christ and his gospel are the same to both." The unit closes (v. 32) with the same words it opened (v. 2) — zōṯ tôrat, "this is the law" — an envelope sealing the whole as one teaching, and ending, deliberately, on the poor man's short-reaching hand.

Read under Sola Scriptura — this tool’s own fallible reading (⚙)

⚙ A fallible reading, offered to be tested. Leviticus 14 is built as a passage from outside to before the face. The man begins beyond the camp's wall, treated as one dead (vv. 2–3); he ends standing before the LORD at the door of the Tent of Meeting, anointed on the head, pronounced clean (vv. 18–20). The grammar carries the gospel before any commentator does: the leper is the object of every verb in the first rite (he is brought, the disease is healed, he is sprinkled), and only becomes the subject once cleansing has been received (he washes, he shaves, he brings his offering, vv. 8, 23). Restoration is never self-generated; it is received, then worked out. The chapter's two stunning borrowings — the ear-thumb-toe blood of priestly ordination (v. 14), and the oil laid directly on the blood (v. 17) — say in ceremony what the New Testament says in word: the one cleansed is not merely readmitted but consecrated, and the Spirit's anointing rests precisely on the ground the blood has already claimed. That the same rite, undiminished at its heart, is granted to the man whose hand cannot reach (vv. 21–32) is not an afterthought but the point: the cost scales to the giver; the cleansing does not scale at all. None of this carries authority because the tool has said it — test it against the text, against the whole counsel of Scripture, and against the silence the passage itself keeps about the One it may foreshadow.

The leper is the object of every verb until he is clean — then, and only then, he becomes the one who brings the offering.

⚙

Canonical Threads — out to the whole of Scripture

cross-refs · verify

AI-generated connections. Each carries a verification badge with a recorded basis; contested links are flagged.

Blood on the ear, thumb, and toe — the leper consecrated like a priest verbal / quotation — confirmed

The daubing of guilt-offering blood on the right ear-lobe, right thumb, and right big toe (Lev 14:14, 25) reproduces, word for word, the consecration of Aaron and his sons at the ram of ordination. The Verifier finds the rare lexemes tᵉnûk (H8571, "ear-lobe," in only 7 verses) and bōhen (H931, "thumb/toe," in only 9 verses) shared across these texts — a low-frequency verbal fingerprint, not a common motif. Keil & Delitzsch and The Pulpit Commentary both read the restored leper as consecrated, his senses and active powers dedicated to God "just as in the dedication of the priests." The cleansed man is not merely let back in; he is set apart.

Leviticus 14:14 · Leviticus 8:23 · Leviticus 8:24 · Exodus 29:20

basis: Rare shared lexemes confirmed by Verifier across Lev 14:14, Lev 8:23–24, Exod 29:20: H8571 tᵉnûk (ear-lobe, in 7 vv) and H931 bôhen (thumb/toe, in 9 vv), with H3233 yᵉmânîy (right, in 17 vv) and H241 ʼôzen (ear); the low frequency of tᵉnûk and bōhen makes this a verbal, not merely thematic, link.

Cedar, scarlet, and hyssop — the purification kit of Israel verbal / quotation — confirmed

The triad cedar wood, scarlet, and hyssop (Lev 14:4, 6) recurs in the leprous-house rite later in this same chapter (14:49–52) and, most significantly, in the water of purification made from the red heifer (Num 19). Albert Barnes lists the cluster as "the common materials in rites of purification (compare Exodus 12:22; Numbers 19:8; Psalm 51:7; Hebrews 9:19)." The Verifier confirms a verbal link to Numbers 19:18 on the rare lexeme ʼêzôwb (H231, hyssop, in only 10 verses) together with ṭâhôwr (clean) and lâqach (take), and to Lev 14:51 on hyssop, scarlet-grub, and bird. Hyssop's rarity makes the link verbal; the shared apparatus of cleansing binds the leper's rite to the whole purification system.

Leviticus 14:4 · Numbers 19:18 · Leviticus 14:51

basis: Verifier-confirmed shared lexemes Lev 14:4 ↔ Num 19:18: H231 ʼêzôwb (hyssop, in 10 vv), H2889 ṭâhôwr (clean, in 87 vv), H3947 lâqach (take); and Lev 14:4 ↔ Lev 14:51: H231 ʼêzôwb, H8438 tôwlâʻ (crimson-grub, in 43 vv), H6833 tsippôwr (bird, in 36 vv). The low frequency of hyssop (10 vv) anchors the verbal tie.

Scarlet wool and hyssop carried into the New Testament — Hebrews 9:19 typological

When Hebrews recalls the inauguration of the first covenant, it names the very apparatus of Leviticus 14: Moses took "water, and scarlet wool, and hyssop, and sprinkled both the book, and all the people" (Heb 9:19) — the same scarlet (shânîy) and hyssop (ʼêzôwb) that bind the leper's bird-rite (Lev 14:4, 6). Albert Barnes already lists the cluster as "the common materials in rites of purification (compare Exodus 12:22 ; Numbers 19:8 ; Psalm 51:7 ; Hebrews 9:19 )". Because this is a Greek text echoing a Hebrew rite, no shared Strong's lexeme can bridge the two languages, so the link cannot be tiered verbal; it is the New Testament itself recalling the OT purification kit and reading it toward the blood that "cleanses the conscience" (Heb 9:14) — a structural and typological tie, argued from the shared apparatus, not asserted from a lexeme.

Leviticus 14:4 · Leviticus 14:6 · Hebrews 9:19

basis: Cross-Testament (Hebrew ↔ Greek): no shared Strong's number is possible, so this is not a verbal link. Heb 9:19 explicitly names the same purification materials (scarlet wool, hyssop, water, sprinkling) as Lev 14:4–6; the basis is the shared ritual apparatus the NT author deliberately recalls, recorded as structural/typological per the cross-Testament rule. Verifier on Lev 14:4 ↔ Heb 9:19 returns no shared lexeme, as expected.

Sevenfold sprinkling — the leper and the Day of Atonement structural / thematic — confirmed

The sprinkling-verb nâzâh (H5137, in only 22 verses) governs both the blood-water sprinkled on the leper seven times (14:7) and the oil sprinkled seven times before the LORD (14:16, 27). The Verifier finds this same rare verb, with ʼetsbaʻ (finger) and the sevenfold count, shared with Leviticus 16:19 — the cleansing of the altar on the Day of Atonement. Cambridge draws the parallel between the two birds and the two goats while pressing the differences. The shared sprinkling-gesture is a real verbal link within the Levitical purification system; it is not a quotation claim, so it is tiered structural where the count and motif dominate, verbal where nâzâh itself carries it.

Leviticus 14:7 · Leviticus 14:16 · Leviticus 16:19

basis: Verifier-confirmed shared lexemes Lev 14:7 ↔ Lev 16:19: H5137 nâzâh (sprinkle, in 22 vv), H2891 ṭâhêr (be clean, in 79 vv), H6471 paʻam (times, in 108 vv), H7651 shebaʻ (seven, in 343 vv). The shared sevenfold sprinkling motif within Leviticus' purification system is structural; nâzâh's low frequency strengthens it toward verbal at Lev 14:16.

The poor man's two birds — one law, scaled to the hand structural / thematic — confirmed

The concession for the poor leper (Lev 14:21–32) — two turtledoves or two young pigeons in place of lambs — echoes the parallel concession for the poor woman after childbirth (Lev 12:8), which is the very offering Mary brought for Jesus (Luke 2:24). The Verifier confirms a thematic link to Lev 12:8 on the shared atonement-and-taking vocabulary (kâphar, lâqach, ʼechâd, the conditional ʼim). These are common words, so the tie is structural, not verbal: the same legislative pattern — God scaling the cost of access to the worshipper's means while never lowering the rite's essential demand. Jamieson, Fausset & Brown cite Acts 10:34, "God is no respecter of persons."

Leviticus 14:21 · Leviticus 12:8 · Leviticus 14:22

basis: Verifier-confirmed shared lexemes Lev 14:21 ↔ Lev 12:8 are high-frequency (H3722 kâphar in 94 vv, H259 ʼechâd in 739 vv, H3947 lâqach in 909 vv, H518 ʼim in 931 vv) — common words, so the link is the shared legislative pattern of a poverty-concession, not a verbal quotation.

Living water and the earthen vessel — purification by water and blood structural / thematic — confirmed

The slain bird's blood drains into living water in an earthen vessel (14:5), and the man is purified by the mixture. The Verifier links this to Numbers 19:18, where hyssop and the ash-water in a vessel purify the unclean, on shared kᵉlîy (vessel) and mayim (water) — both high-frequency, so the tie is thematic. Benson and Poole heard in the blood-and-water a foreshadow of 1 John 5:6, "he came by water and blood" — a cross-Testament, figural reading the tool records but does not confirm, since no Strong's lexeme can bridge Hebrew and Greek.

Leviticus 14:5 · Numbers 19:18

basis: Verifier-confirmed shared lexemes Lev 14:5 ↔ Num 19:18: H3627 kᵉlîy (vessel, in 276 vv) and H4325 mayim (water, in 522 vv) — both high-frequency, so the recorded basis is the shared purification-by-water-in-a-vessel pattern, a thematic not verbal link.

⚙Christ in the Unittypology · verify

AI-generated reading; weigh it against the text.

The leper sent to the priest — the Healer fulfilling the law widely-held

Jesus repeatedly healed lepers and then sent them to the priest "to offer for the cleansing those things which Moses commanded" (Matt 8:4; Mark 1:44; Luke 5:14), the very rite of Leviticus 14. Albert Barnes notes that when the Son of God "proved His divine mission by healing the lepers," He still directed them to the Levitical ceremony "for a testimony." Ellicott ties v. 2 forward to Matt 8:4 directly. The healing the priest could only certify (Lev 14:3; Henry: "The priests could not cleanse the lepers") is the healing Christ performs at a word. This is an attested New Testament use of the chapter, not a novel typology — though the precise figural readings of the two birds remain the commentators' inference, marked ⚙.

Leviticus 14:2 · Leviticus 14:3 · Matthew 8:4 · Mark 1:44 · Luke 5:14

The two birds — death and resurrection (a figural reading) widely-held

From the Reformation commentators forward, the slain bird and the bird released alive were read as the death and resurrection of Christ. Matthew Henry: the two birds "may signify Christ shedding his blood for sinners, and rising and ascending into heaven." Benson and Poole agree almost verbatim — one bird "to represent Christ as dying for his sins, the other to represent him as rising again for his justification" (cf. Rom 4:25). The honest note: this is a typological, figural reading, not a New Testament citation. The text itself makes no such claim, and Cambridge warns the rite is "antique in character." It is offered as widely-held within the Christian tradition, but it is the interpreters' construction, weighed accordingly.

Leviticus 14:4 · Leviticus 14:6 · Leviticus 14:7

Blood then oil — justified by His blood, sanctified by His Spirit novel

The chapter's deliberate sequence — guilt-offering blood placed on ear, thumb, and toe (v. 14), then oil placed on the very blood, at the same points, with the remnant poured on the head (vv. 17–18) — was read by Matthew Henry as the inseparable pair of the gospel: "Wherever the blood of Christ is applied for justification, the oil of the Spirit is applied for sanctification; these two cannot be separated." Gill reads the oil-on-blood as showing "the gifts and graces of the Spirit are bestowed in consequence of the blood of Christ." That oil anointed king and priest, and that the same Spirit "anointed" Jesus (Acts 10:38, the very passage JFB cites at v. 31), makes this a reading the tradition holds widely — yet the typological connection of the leper's oil to the Spirit is the interpreters' inference, marked ⚙ and to be tested.

Leviticus 14:14 · Leviticus 14:17 · Leviticus 14:18

Apparatus & Provenance

The biblical text is the Berean Standard Bible (BSB), public domain (CC0). Hebrew/Greek text, transliteration, morphology and Strong’s are transcribed from the Berean interlinear (CC0) + Strong’s lexicons (PD); the literal renderings, divergence notes, word notes and all synthesis are this tool’s own work (⚙) — fallible; verify them.

Named voices, quoted verbatim from public-domain works:

Albert Barnes, Notes on the Bible (1834)
Alexander Maclaren, Expositions of Holy Scripture (c. 1905)
Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges, — (1880s)
Charles Ellicott, Commentary for English Readers (1878)
Geneva Study Bible, Marginal Notes (1599)
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory (1871)
John Gill, Exposition of the Entire Bible (1746–63)
Joseph Benson, Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1810s)
Keil & Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament (1860s)
Matthew Henry, Concise Commentary on the Whole Bible (1706)
Matthew Poole, Annotations upon the Holy Bible (1685)
The Pulpit Commentary, Spence & Exell, eds. (1880s)

On the figural readings. Every christological and typological claim above (the two birds as death/resurrection, the oil as the Spirit, the clay vessel as Christ's body) belongs to the commentators — Henry, Gill, Benson, Poole — not to the text of Leviticus 14, which makes no such claim and whose own register is, as Cambridge stresses, archaic and ritual. These are recorded as the interpreters' fallible inferences (⚙), and where a reading is one author's novel figure (e.g., Gill on the dipped living bird as "the union of the two natures in Christ") it is flagged in the verse note as novel.

On the cross-references. The strongest thread — blood on ear, thumb, and toe linking the leper's restoration to priestly ordination (Lev 8; Exod 29) — rests on genuinely rare shared lexemes (tᵉnûk, 7 verses; bōhen, 9 verses) and is tiered verbal with confidence. The hyssop link to Numbers 19 is likewise verbal on a rare word. The Day-of-Atonement and poor-offering links rest partly on high-frequency words and are tiered structural / thematic, deliberately under-claimed. No cross-Testament link (e.g. blood-and-water → 1 John 5:6, or the bird-rite → the cross) can be confirmed by shared Strong's numbers, since Hebrew and Greek lexemes do not bridge; those are recorded as figural and tiered no higher than the tradition warrants.

On the slaughter that is not a sacrifice. The first rite (vv. 4–7) has no altar and no sprinkling of blood toward God; Keil, Cambridge, and the Pulpit Commentary all insist it is symbol, not sacrifice. The parses (Berean/Strong's) are authoritative for morphology and lexis; the synthesis above does not contradict them. Where the Hebrew is genuinely ambiguous — chiefly who performs the killing in vv. 4–5 (priest, leper, or attendant) — the divergence notes record the ambiguity rather than resolving it.

✦ = human, public-domain source, quoted and named. ⚙ = machine synthesis, to be verified. Flagged cross-references are left visible on purpose — the verifier working in the open. “Search the Scriptures daily, whether those things were so.” (Acts 17:11)