Leviticus20:22–27

The vomiting land — Leviticus 20:22 and the bracket of Leviticus 18:25–28 verbal / quotation — confirmed

The rare verb qôwʼ (H6958, “to vomit,” only seven verses in the whole Bible) is the structural seam binding this epilogue to its twin in chapter 18: the land that “vomited out its inhabitants” (18:25) and is warned not to “vomit you out” (18:28) is the same land of 20:22. Ellicott points to it directly: “For this figure of speech see Leviticus 18:28.” Because the lexeme is so rare, the Verifier tiers this verbal — the image is one author's deliberate refrain, not a coincidence of common words.

Leviticus 20:22 · Leviticus 18:25 · Leviticus 18:28

basis: Verifier (Lev 20:22 ↔ Lev 18:28): shared rare lexeme H6958 qôwʼ "to vomit" (in only 7 vv) — plus H3808 lôʼ; the low frequency makes this a deliberate verbal echo, not chance.

Distinguish clean from unclean — Leviticus 20:25 quotes the food law of Leviticus 11 verbal / quotation — confirmed

Verse 25's command rests, the commentators agree, on the detailed catalogue of chapter 11. Cambridge says the injunction “must… in its original context have been accompanied by detailed directions such as now are found in ch. 11,” and Keil & Delitzsch send the reader there (“see ch. 11”). The verbal proof is the rare verb shâqats (H8262, “to make detestable,” only six verses) shared with Leviticus 11:11, 13, 43, alongside ʻôwph (bird) and ṭâmêʼ (unclean). This is not allusion but the same legislation restated.

Leviticus 20:25 · Leviticus 11:13 · Leviticus 11:43 · Leviticus 11:11

basis: Verifier (Lev 20:25 ↔ Lev 11:13): shared rare lexeme H8262 shâqats "make detestable" (in only 6 vv), plus H5775 ʻôwph; and ↔ Lev 11:43 adds H2930 ṭâmêʼ + H5315 nephesh — the rarity of shâqats confirms a deliberate restatement of the ch. 11 food law.

Be holy, for I am holy — Leviticus 20:26 restates Leviticus 11:44 structural / thematic — confirmed

The capstone “you shall be holy… because I, Yahweh, am holy” (v. 26) is the signature refrain of the Holiness Code, first sounded at the close of the very food laws it crowns here (11:44–45). Ellicott notes the phrasing here is distinct (“my holy ones”), but the motif is one. The Verifier finds the shared structural vocabulary — qâdôwsh (holy), ʼănîy (I), kîy (because) — a shared pattern rather than a rare-word quotation, so it is tiered structural, not verbal.

Leviticus 20:26 · Leviticus 11:44 · Leviticus 11:45

basis: Verifier (Lev 20:26 ↔ Lev 11:44): shared H6918 qâdôwsh (in 106 vv), H589 ʼănîy, H3588 kîy — a shared holiness-formula pattern, not a rare lexeme; tiered structural, the motif (not a quotation) being the basis.

Medium and spiritist — Leviticus 20:27 bound to 19:31, 20:6, and the histories verbal / quotation — confirmed

The rare pair ’ō·wḇ (H178, necromancer, 16 vv) + yid·də·‘ō·nî (H3049, wizard, 11 vv) almost always travels together, stitching v. 27 to the parallel prohibitions of 19:31 and 20:6 (Cambridge marks the difference: here the practitioner, there the inquirer), and running out into the histories — Saul at Endor (1 Samuel 28:3, 9), Manasseh's apostasy (2 Kings 21:6; 2 Chronicles 33:6), Josiah's purge (2 Kings 23:24), and Isaiah's mockery (Isaiah 8:19; 19:3). The Verifier confirms the verbal link by the low frequency of both lexemes.

Leviticus 20:27 · Leviticus 19:31 · Leviticus 20:6 · 1 Samuel 28:3 · 2 Kings 21:6 · Isaiah 8:19 · Deuteronomy 18:11

basis: Verifier (Lev 20:27 ↔ Lev 19:31): shared rare lexemes H178 ʼôwb "necromancer" (in 16 vv) + H3049 yiddᵉʻônîy "wizard" (in 11 vv) — the same low-frequency pair recurs across 20:6, 1 Sam 28, 2 Kgs 21:6, Deut 18:11; rarity makes the verbal link secure.

Driven out before you — Leviticus 20:23 and the dispossession of the nations structural / thematic — confirmed

The justification of v. 23 — Israel will walk where God is “driving out” (shâlach) the nations who did “all these things” — shares its core vocabulary (gôwy nation, pânîym before/face) with the parallel expulsion-language of Leviticus 18:24–28. These are common words, so the Verifier tiers the link structural rather than verbal: a shared motif of moral dispossession, not a rare quotation. The thematic weight, not the lexical rarity, carries it.

Leviticus 20:23 · Leviticus 18:24 · Leviticus 18:28 · Deuteronomy 7:26

basis: Verifier (Lev 20:23 ↔ Lev 18:28): shared H1471 gôwy (in 511 vv), H6440 pânîym, H3808 lôʼ — all high-frequency words; the connection is a shared dispossession motif, not a rare verbal echo, so tiered structural.

A land flowing with milk and honey — Leviticus 20:24 and the Exodus refrain verbal / quotation — confirmed

The phrase zā·ḇaṯ ḥā·lāḇ ū·ḏə·ḇāš (v. 24) is the great covenant refrain first spoken at the burning bush (Exodus 3:8, 17) and threaded through the wilderness narratives. The three nouns travel as a fixed unit — zûwb (flow), châlâb (milk), dᵉbash (honey) — and the Verifier confirms all three shared with Exodus 3:8, a moderate-frequency cluster that functions as a set formula. Gill points the reader there: “see Exodus 3:8.”

Leviticus 20:24 · Exodus 3:8 · Exodus 3:17 · Deuteronomy 6:3

basis: Verifier (Lev 20:24 ↔ Exod 3:8): shared cluster H2100 zûwb (41 vv) + H2461 châlâb (44 vv) + H1706 dᵉbash (54 vv) — each only moderate-frequency on its own, but the three co-occur as a fixed, otherwise-improbable three-word refrain; it is the conjoint set, not any single lexeme's rarity, that marks the deliberate quotation.

He declared all foods clean — the clean/unclean law fulfilled, not erased ancient/widely-held

The whole burden of vv. 24–25 — distinguish, separate, do not defile your soul with the unclean beast — is the very statute Christ lifts in the Gospel. Mark's parenthesis on Jesus' teaching is blunt: “Thus He declared all foods clean” (Mark 7:19), and Peter is shown the sheet of unclean creatures with the word “What God has made clean, do not call common” (Acts 10:15). This is not abolition of holiness but the lifting of its hedge: the separated diet served a separated people (so Jamieson, Fausset & Brown — the food law was “one great means” of separation), and when the Gentiles are “made clean by faith” (Acts 15:9) the dividing wall comes down (Ephesians 2:14). The reading is held lightly as to mechanism — the link is thematic, not a shared-word quotation, since the New Testament is Greek and Leviticus Hebrew (the Verifier finds no shared lexeme, exactly as expected across the Testaments).

Leviticus 20:25 · Mark 7:19 · Acts 10:15 · Ephesians 2:14

Be holy, for I am holy — carried verbatim into the apostolic gospel ancient/widely-held

The summit of the unit, “you shall be holy to Me, because I, Yahweh, am holy” (v. 26), is quoted directly by Peter and applied to the whole Church: “Be holy, for I am holy” (1 Peter 1:16). What was the charter of national separation becomes the charter of a people “set apart” in Christ from every nation — “a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation” (1 Peter 2:9), the language Barnes already heard here as the “typical mark of 'the kingdom of priests, the holy nation.'” The ground of holiness is unchanged — the holiness of God Himself. Because this is a Greek New Testament citation of a Hebrew text, no shared Strong's number can be claimed (the Verifier returns none, correctly), so the link is typological/structural by its sense, not a lexical match.

Leviticus 20:26 · 1 Peter 1:16 · 1 Peter 2:9

The land that vomits and the rest that remains — toward the new creation novel

The land of v. 22 is a moral organism: it cannot hold sin and it cannot be earned, only received and kept. Hebrews presses this earthly inheritance toward its true horizon — the milk-and-honey land of v. 24 was never the final rest, for “there remains a Sabbath rest for the people of God” (Hebrews 4:9). The holy nation set apart to dwell in a land that vomits the defiled is a shadow of the new creation “in which righteousness dwells” (2 Peter 3:13), where nothing unclean shall ever enter (Revelation 21:27) and yet the holiness is gift, not conquest. This is the more novel synthesis offered here — a figural arc from the squeamish land to the unshakable kingdom; weigh it against the text, for it is read into the line, not lifted from a shared word.

Leviticus 20:22 · Leviticus 20:24 · Hebrews 4:9 · Revelation 21:27 · 2 Peter 3:13