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Leviticus 4:1–35 — Laws for Sin Offerings. Each verse below carries the full apparatus: the Berean Standard Bible, the vocalized original (tap any word), and a parsed breakdown of every term transcribed from the interlinear. Synthesized commentary, canonical threads, and the reading of Christ gather at the end, over the whole unit.

Then the LORD said to Moses,

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

Yah·weh way·ḏab·bêr ’el- mō·šeh lê·mōr

Word by word5 · parsed

יְהוָ֖הYah·wehThen the LORDH3068

√ Yᵉhôvâh — Jehovah, Jewish national name of GodNounpropermasculine singular

וַיְדַבֵּ֥רway·ḏab·bêrsaidH1696

√ dâbar — perhaps properly, to arrangeConjunctive wawVerbPielConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular

way·ḏab·bêr — the Piel of dâbar, formal divine address. The formula "And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying" marks a seam in the law: Keil & Delitzsch read it as the "new introductory formula" that begins the laws of the sin-offering, repeated again at Leviticus 5:14.

אֶל־’el-toH413

√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition

מֹשֶׁ֥הmō·šehMosesH4872

√ Môsheh — Mosheh, the Israelite lawgiverNounpropermasculine singular

Moses (H4872) remains the sole human recipient — the lawgiver between the LORD and the camp. As Benson notes, with this verse "begin the laws of another day, which God delivered from between the cherubim."

לֵּאמֹֽר׃lê·mōr. . .H559

√ ʼâmar — to say (used with great latitude)Preposition-lVerbQalInfinitive construct

lê·mōr closes the verse mid-breath; the actual sin-offering law does not begin until v. 2's dab·bêr, "Tell."

The Voices✦ 4 public domain

Charles EllicottCommentary for English Readers1878

the sin offering and the trespass offering are here introduced as a new injunction. We have here no more the voluntary formula, “If any man of you bring,” &c.

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Keil & DelitzschBiblical Commentary on the Old Testament1860s

No sins but those committed בּשׁגגה could be expiated by sin-offerings; whilst those committed with a high hand were to be punished by the extermination of the sinner

Keil renders bishgagah as sin "in error," tracing the root shâgâh, "to wander or go wrong."

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John GillExposition of the Entire Bible1746–63

sin is from the soul, though committed by the body; it is the soul that sins

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The Pulpit CommentarySpence & Exell, eds.1880s

The moral lesson taught to the Jew by the sin offering was of the terrible nature of sin, and of the necessity for an expiation for it in addition to penitence.

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“Tell the Israelites to do as follows with one who sins unintentionally against any of the LORD’s commandments and does what is forbidden by them:

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

dab·bêr ’el- bə·nê yiś·rå̄·ʾēl lê·mōr kî- ne·p̄eš ṯe·ḥĕ·ṭā ḇiš·ḡā·ḡāh mik·kōl Yah·weh ’ă·šer miṣ·wōṯ ṯê·‘ā·śe·nāh wə·‘ā·śāh mê·’a·ḥaṯ lō mê·hên·nāh

Word by word18 · parsed

דַּבֵּ֞רdab·bêrTellH1696

√ dâbar — perhaps properly, to arrangeVerbPielImperativemasculine singular

אֶל־’el-. . .H413

√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition

בְּנֵ֣יbə·nêthe IsraelitesH1121

√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct

יִשְׂרָאֵ֘לyiś·rå̄·ʾēl. . .H3478

√ Yisrâʼêl — Jisrael, a symbolical name of JacobNounpropermasculine singular

לֵאמֹר֒lê·mōrtoH559

√ ʼâmar — to say (used with great latitude)Preposition-lVerbQalInfinitive construct

כִּֽי־kî-do as followsH3588

√ kîy — (by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below)Conjunction

נֶ֗פֶשׁne·p̄ešwith oneH5315

√ nephesh — properly, a breathing creature, iNounfeminine singular

ne·p̄eš — "a soul," the individual person named by the breath of life. The sin-offering reaches the inner person, not merely the act.

תֶחֱטָ֤אṯe·ḥĕ·ṭāwho sinsH2398

√ châṭâʼ — properly, to missVerbQalImperfectthird person feminine singular

châṭâʼ, "to miss" — the keyword of the unit, recurring with priest, congregation, ruler, and commoner alike. It binds the whole chapter into one verb of failure.

בִשְׁגָגָה֙ḇiš·ḡā·ḡāhunintentionallyH7684

√ shᵉgâgâh — a mistake or inadvertent transgressionPreposition-bNounfeminine singular

shᵉgâgâh, sin "in error." This is the dividing line of Levitical atonement: the inadvertent sinner may bring a sacrifice; the one who sins "with a high hand" (Numbers 15:30) is cut off. The Pulpit Commentary even reaches forward — "Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do."

מִכֹּל֙mik·kōlagainst anyH3605

√ kôl — properly, the wholePreposition-mNounmasculine singular construct

יְהוָ֔הYah·wehof the LORD’sH3068

√ Yᵉhôvâh — Jehovah, Jewish national name of GodNounpropermasculine singular

אֲשֶׁ֖ר’ă·šerH834

√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative

מִצְוֺ֣תmiṣ·wōṯcommandmentsH4687

√ mitsvâh — a command, whether human or divine (collectively, the Law)Nounfeminine plural construct

miṣ·wōṯ, "commandments" (H4687) — collectively the Law. The offense is measured against the revealed will of the LORD, not private conscience.

תֵעָשֶׂ֑ינָהṯê·‘ā·śe·nāhand doesH6213

√ ʻâsâh — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest applicationVerbNifalImperfectthird person feminine plural

וְעָשָׂ֕הwə·‘ā·śāh. . .H6213

√ ʻâsâh — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest applicationConjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

מֵאַחַ֖תmê·’a·ḥaṯwhat isH259

√ ʼechâd — properly, united, iPreposition-mNumberfeminine singular

לֹ֣אlōforbiddenH3808

√ lôʼ — not (the simple or absAdverbNegative particle

מֵהֵֽנָּה׃mê·hên·nāhby them

Preposition-mPronounthird person feminine plural

Literal — word-for-word from the original

Speak to the-sons-of Israel, saying: when a-soul sins in-straying from any of the-commandments of YHWH that are-not to-be-done, and does one of them —

Where the English smooths the original

נֶ֗פֶשׁ The subject is ne·p̄eš (H5315), "a soul / a breathing life," feminine here (the verb ṯe·ḥĕ·ṭā agrees). BSB's "one who sins" loses the deliberate word: it is the soul that sins. Gill: "sin is from the soul, though committed by the body; it is the soul that sins."
תֶחֱטָ֤א ṯe·ḥĕ·ṭā (H2398, châṭâʼ) means properly "to miss" — to miss the mark, fall short of the aim. The verb names sin not as defiance but as failure of the target; it governs the whole chapter.
בִשְׁגָגָה֙ ḇiš·ḡā·ḡāh (H7684, shᵉgâgâh) — "in error / by wandering," a rare noun (18 occurrences) from a root meaning to go astray. BSB's "unintentionally" is fair but flat; Keil stresses it covers mistake, oversight, even unintended sin — "all such sins as spring from the weakness of flesh and blood," set against the "high hand" of Numbers 15:30.
תֵעָשֶׂ֑ינָה ṯê·‘ā·śe·nāh (H6213) is a Nifal (passive) plural — "things which ought not to be done." The law targets violations of negative commands; Poole: "there is great reason why a sacrifice should be more necessary for these."

The Voices✦ 4 public domain

Charles EllicottCommentary for English Readers1878

By this the Levitical law indicates that even the chief of the priesthood was but a frail being like the rest of the people, and was exposed to the same infirmities as the laity, thus precluding the assumption of spiritual superiority.

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Albert BarnesNotes on the Bible1834

Rather, to bring guilt on the people. The whole nation is concerned in every transgression of its representative.

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Matthew PooleAnnotations upon the Holy Bible1685

this is noted as a blot and character of imperfection in the priesthood of the law, whereby the Israelites were directed to expect another and better High Priest, even one who is holy, harmless, and separate from sinners

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John GillExposition of the Entire Bible1746–63

a type of the sacrifice of Christ offered up without spot to God

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If the anointed priest sins, bringing guilt on the people, he must bring to the LORD a young bull without blemish as a sin offering for the sin he has committed.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

’im ham·mā·šî·aḥ hak·kō·hên ye·ḥĕ·ṭā lə·’aš·maṯ hā·‘ām wə·hiq·rîḇ Yah·weh par tā·mîm ben- bā·qār ‘al ḥaṭ·ṭā·ṯōw ’ă·šer lə·ḥaṭ·ṭāṯ ḥā·ṭā

Word by word17 · parsed

אִ֣ם’imIfH518

√ ʼim — used very widely as demonstrative, lo!Conjunction

הַמָּשִׁ֛יחַham·mā·šî·aḥthe anointedH4899

√ mâshîyach — anointedArticleAdjectivemasculine singular

ham·mā·šî·aḥ, "the anointed" — the single word that defines the high priest. The law's first case is the highest man, exposing that even he sins in error; Matthew Henry: "It is evident that God never had any infallible priest in his church upon earth."

הַכֹּהֵ֧ןhak·kō·hênpriestH3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

יֶחֱטָ֖אye·ḥĕ·ṭāsinsH2398

√ châṭâʼ — properly, to missVerbQalImperfectthird person masculine singular

לְאַשְׁמַ֣תlə·’aš·maṯbringing guiltH819

√ ʼashmâh — guiltiness, a fault, the presentation of asin-offeringPreposition-lNounfeminine singular construct

lə·’aš·maṯ hā·‘ām, "to the guilt of the people." The priest is a representative; his fault taints the nation and his services. Jamieson, Fausset & Brown: his sin "had vitiated all his services."

הָעָ֑םhā·‘āmon the peopleH5971

√ ʻam — a people (as a congregated unit)ArticleNounmasculine singular

וְהִקְרִ֡יבwə·hiq·rîḇhe must bringH7126

√ qârab — to approach (causatively, bring near) for whatever purposeConjunctive wawVerbHifilConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

לַיהוָ֖הYah·wehto the LORDH3068

√ Yᵉhôvâh — Jehovah, Jewish national name of GodPreposition-lNounpropermasculine singular

פַּ֣רpara young bullH6499

√ par — a bullock (apparently as breaking forth in wild strength, or perhaps as dividing the hoof)Nounmasculine singular

par (H6499) — the bull, the unit's recurring victim for the gravest cases (priest, congregation). Its later removal "outside the camp" (v. 12) is what the writer of Hebrews reaches for at the cross.

תָּמִ֛יםtā·mîmwithout blemishH8549

√ tâmîym — entire (literally, figuratively or morally)Adjectivemasculine singular

tā·mîm, "without blemish" (H8549) — the perfection demanded of every sacrifice. Gill reads it "a type of the sacrifice of Christ offered up without spot to God."

בֶּן־ben-. . .H1121

בָּקָ֥רbā·qār. . .H1241

√ bâqâr — beef cattle or an animal of the ox family of either gender (as used for plowing)Nounmasculine singular

עַ֣ל‘alasH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

חַטָּאתוֹ֩ḥaṭ·ṭā·ṯōwa sin offeringH2403

√ chaṭṭâʼâh — an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiationNounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular

אֲשֶׁ֨ר’ă·šerH834

√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative

לְחַטָּֽאת׃lə·ḥaṭ·ṭāṯfor the sinH2403

√ chaṭṭâʼâh — an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiationPreposition-lNounfeminine singular

חָטָ֜אḥā·ṭāhe has committedH2398

√ châṭâʼ — properly, to missVerbQalPerfectthird person masculine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

If the-anointed priest sins to-the-guilt-of the-people, then he-shall-bring-near for his-sin that he-sinned a-bull, a-son-of-the-herd, unblemished, to YHWH for a-sin-offering.

Where the English smooths the original

הַמָּשִׁ֛יחַ ham·mā·šî·aḥ (H4899), "the anointed (one)" — literally "the Messiah." The high priest is named not by office but by his anointing; Ellicott notes "the priest that is anointed" for "the high priest" is "restricted to this book." BSB's "anointed priest" is correct, but the bare Hebrew title is the same word later borne by the Christ.
לְאַשְׁמַ֣ת lə·’aš·maṯ hā·‘ām (H819) — "to the guilt of the people." BSB's "bringing guilt on the people" is the better reading; Barnes corrects the older "according to the sin of the people" to "to bring guilt on the people." The priest's sin is corporate: "The whole nation is concerned in every transgression of its representative."
פַּ֣ר par (H6499) is a full bull, then specified ben-bāqār, "son of the herd." Ellicott: "Literally, a steer, the son of a bull." The highest officer brings the costliest victim — the same animal required for the whole congregation (v. 14).
חַטָּאתוֹ֩ ḥaṭ·ṭā·ṯōw (H2403) is "his sin" — and the same noun, chaṭṭâʼâh, names the sacrifice itself: "sin-offering" is literally "a sin." Benson: "Hebrew, sin, which word is often taken in that sense." The offering is called by the name of the thing it bears.

He must bring the bull to the entrance to the Tent of Meeting before the LORD, lay his hand on the bull’s head, and slaughter it before the LORD.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wə·hê·ḇî ’eṯ- hap·pār ’el- pe·ṯaḥ ’ō·hel mō·w·‘êḏ lip̄·nê Yah·weh wə·sā·maḵ ’eṯ- yā·ḏōw ‘al- hap·pār rōš wə·šā·ḥaṭ ’eṯ- hap·pār lip̄·nê Yah·weh

Word by word20 · parsed

וְהֵבִ֣יאwə·hê·ḇîHe must bringH935

√ bôwʼ — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)Conjunctive wawVerbHifilConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

אֶת־’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker

הַפָּ֗רhap·pārthe bullH6499

√ par — a bullock (apparently as breaking forth in wild strength, or perhaps as dividing the hoof)ArticleNounmasculine singular

אֶל־’el-toH413

√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition

פֶּ֛תַחpe·ṯaḥthe entranceH6607

√ pethach — an opening (literally), iNounmasculine singular construct

pe·ṯaḥ ’ō·hel mō·w·‘êḏ — "the entrance of the Tent of Meeting," the appointed place of presentation. The sin-offering follows the burnt-offering's opening rite exactly (Leviticus 1:3-5).

אֹ֥הֶל’ō·helto the TentH168

√ ʼôhel — a tent (as clearly conspicuous from a distance)Nounmasculine singular

מוֹעֵ֖דmō·w·‘êḏof MeetingH4150

√ môwʻêd — properly, an appointment, iNounmasculine singular

לִפְנֵ֣יlip̄·nêbeforeH6440

√ pânîym — the face (as the part that turns)Preposition-lNouncommon plural construct

יְהוָ֑הYah·wehthe LORDH3068

√ Yᵉhôvâh — Jehovah, Jewish national name of GodNounpropermasculine singular

וְסָמַ֤ךְwə·sā·maḵlayH5564

√ çâmak — to prop (literally or figuratively)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

wə·sā·maḵ ’eṯ-yā·ḏōw, the laying — or leaning — of the hand. Keil reads it as the offerer transferring "the consciousness of sin and the desire for forgiveness to the head of the animal that had been brought in his stead."

אֶת־’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker

יָדוֹ֙yā·ḏōwhis handH3027

√ yâd — a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etcNounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular

עַל־‘al-onH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

הַפָּ֔רhap·pārthe bull’sH6499

√ par — a bullock (apparently as breaking forth in wild strength, or perhaps as dividing the hoof)ArticleNounmasculine singular

רֹ֣אשׁrōšheadH7218

√ rôʼsh — the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itcNounmasculine singular construct

וְשָׁחַ֥טwə·šā·ḥaṭand slaughterH7819

√ shâchaṭ — to slaughter (in sacrifice or massacre)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

wə·šā·ḥaṭ, "and he shall slaughter" — the death of the substitute "before the LORD." Gill: "all this is typical of the imputation of sin to Christ, and of his death."

אֶת־’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker

הַפָּ֖רhap·pāritH6499

√ par — a bullock (apparently as breaking forth in wild strength, or perhaps as dividing the hoof)ArticleNounmasculine singular

לִפְנֵ֥יlip̄·nêbeforeH6440

√ pânîym — the face (as the part that turns)Preposition-lNouncommon plural construct

יְהוָֽה׃Yah·wehthe LORDH3068

√ Yᵉhôvâh — Jehovah, Jewish national name of GodNounpropermasculine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And-he-shall-bring the-bull to the-entrance-of the-Tent-of Meeting before YHWH, and-he-shall-lean his-hand on the-head-of the-bull, and-he-shall-slaughter the-bull before YHWH.

Where the English smooths the original

וְסָמַ֤ךְ wə·sā·maḵ (H5564, sâmak) is not merely "lay" but "to lean / press" the hand down on the head. Benson reads the act as testifying "both his acknowledgment of his sin, and faith in God's promise for the expiation of his sins through Christ." The leaning is a transfer of identity onto the victim.
וְשָׁחַ֥ט wə·šā·ḥaṭ (H7819, shâchaṭ) is the technical verb "to slaughter" a sacrifice — a deliberate, ritual killing, distinct from ordinary killing. The same root recurs at Leviticus 8:15 in Aaron's own consecration sin-offering.
פֶּ֛תַח pe·ṯaḥ (H6607), "the entrance / opening" of the Tent — BSB's "door" is right but the noun marks a threshold, the boundary between common camp and holy ground where every offering must be presented (cf. Leviticus 1:3).

Then the anointed priest shall take some of the bull’s blood and bring it into the Tent of Meeting.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

ham·mā·šî·aḥ hak·kō·hên wə·lā·qaḥ hap·pār mid·dam wə·hê·ḇî ’ō·ṯōw ’el- ’ō·hel mō·w·‘êḏ

Word by word10 · parsed

הַמָּשִׁ֖יחַham·mā·šî·aḥThen the anointedH4899

√ mâshîyach — anointedArticleAdjectivemasculine singular

ham·mā·šî·aḥ hak·kō·hên, "the anointed priest" again — the title repeats four times in the chapter (vv. 3, 5, 16, and 6:22 Heb.), binding the high-priestly case together.

הַכֹּהֵ֥ןhak·kō·hênpriestH3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

וְלָקַ֛חwə·lā·qaḥshall takeH3947

√ lâqach — to take (in the widest variety of applications)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

הַפָּ֑רhap·pārsome of the bull’sH6499

√ par — a bullock (apparently as breaking forth in wild strength, or perhaps as dividing the hoof)ArticleNounmasculine singular

מִדַּ֣םmid·dambloodH1818

√ dâm — blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animalPreposition-mNounmasculine singular construct

וְהֵבִ֥יאwə·hê·ḇîand bringH935

√ bôwʼ — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)Conjunctive wawVerbHifilConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

wə·hê·ḇî ’ō·ṯōw — the blood carried inward. Barnes sees in the graded handling of the blood "successive degrees of consecration in advancing from the altar of burnt-offering to the presence of Yahweh within the veil."

אֹת֖וֹ’ō·ṯōwitH853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object markerthird person masculine singular

אֶל־’el-intoH413

√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition

אֹ֥הֶל’ō·helthe TentH168

√ ʼôhel — a tent (as clearly conspicuous from a distance)Nounmasculine singular construct

מוֹעֵֽד׃mō·w·‘êḏof MeetingH4150

√ môwʻêd — properly, an appointment, iNounmasculine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And-the-anointed priest shall-take from the-blood-of the-bull, and-he-shall-bring it into the-Tent-of Meeting.

Where the English smooths the original

וְלָקַ֛ח wə·lā·qaḥ (H3947), "and he shall take" — the priest himself, not another. Gill: "this he did himself, and not another, for he offered for himself, and the blood was to make atonement for him." The high priest is both offerer and officiant.
מִדַּ֣ם mid·dam (H1818) — "some of the blood," the partitive min. Only a portion is carried in; the bulk is later poured at the altar's base (v. 7). The economy of the blood is deliberate, each part with its place.
וְהֵבִ֥יא wə·hê·ḇî (H935), "and he shall bring (it) in" — into the Tent itself. Benson: this was "not required nor allowed in any other sacrifice," marking the gravity of the high priest's sin, which alone draws the blood into the holy place.

The Voices✦ 4 public domain

Charles EllicottCommentary for English Readers1878

Seven, being a complete number, is used for the perfect finishing of a work.

source ↗

John GillExposition of the Entire Bible1746–63

a figure of the blood of Christ, called, in allusion to this rite, the blood of sprinkling; which being presented before the Lord, calls for pardon from him, and sprinkled on the conscience, speaks peace there, and perfectly cleanses from all sin

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Keil & DelitzschBiblical Commentary on the Old Testament1860s

this act was repeated seven times, that in the number seven, as the stamp of the covenant, the covenant relation, which sin had loosened, might be restored

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Matthew PooleAnnotations upon the Holy Bible1685

a number much used in Scripture, as a number of perfection; and here prescribed, either to show that his sins needed more than ordinary purgation

source ↗

The priest is to dip his finger in the blood and sprinkle some of it seven times before the LORD, in front of the veil of the sanctuary.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

hak·kō·hên ’eṯ- wə·ṭā·ḇal ’eṣ·bā·‘ōw bad·dām wə·hiz·zāh min- had·dām še·ḇa‘ pə·‘ā·mîm lip̄·nê Yah·weh ’eṯ- pə·nê pā·rō·ḵeṯ haq·qō·ḏeš

Word by word16 · parsed

הַכֹּהֵ֛ןhak·kō·hênThe priestH3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

אֶת־’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker

וְטָבַ֧לwə·ṭā·ḇalis to dipH2881

√ ṭâbal — to dip, to immerseConjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

ṭâbal, "to dip" — a low-frequency verb (16 vv) that ties this rite verbally to the cleansing rituals and to the Day of Atonement sprinkling (Leviticus 16:14).

אֶצְבָּע֖וֹ’eṣ·bā·‘ōwhis fingerH676

√ ʼetsbaʻ — something to sieze with, iNounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular

בַּדָּ֑םbad·dāmin the bloodH1818

√ dâm — blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animalPreposition-b, ArticleNounmasculine singular

וְהִזָּ֨הwə·hiz·zāhand sprinkleH5137

√ nâzâh — to spirt, iConjunctive wawVerbHifilConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

nâzâh, "to sprinkle" — the sin-offering's signature gesture. The blood is applied delicately and repeatedly, not poured; the New Testament's "blood of sprinkling" (Hebrews 12:24; 1 Peter 1:2) draws on exactly this verb-picture.

מִן־min-some ofH4480

√ min — properly, a part ofPreposition

הַדָּ֜םhad·dāmitH1818

√ dâm — blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animalArticleNounmasculine singular

שֶׁ֤בַעše·ḇa‘sevenH7651

√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Numberfeminine singular

še·ḇa‘, "seven" — completeness and covenant. Keil: "in the number seven, as the stamp of the covenant, the covenant relation, which sin had loosened, might be restored."

פְּעָמִים֙pə·‘ā·mîmtimesH6471

√ paʻam — a stroke, literally or figuratively (in various applications, as follow)Nounfeminine plural

לִפְנֵ֣יlip̄·nêbeforeH6440

√ pânîym — the face (as the part that turns)Preposition-lNouncommon plural construct

יְהוָ֔הYah·wehthe LORDH3068

√ Yᵉhôvâh — Jehovah, Jewish national name of GodNounpropermasculine singular

אֶת־’eṯ-. . .H854

√ ʼêth — properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), nearDirect object marker

פְּנֵ֖יpə·nêin front ofH6440

√ pânîym — the face (as the part that turns)Nouncommon plural construct

פָּרֹ֥כֶתpā·rō·ḵeṯthe veilH6532

√ pôreketh — a separatrix, iNounfeminine singular construct

pā·rō·ḵeṯ haq·qō·ḏeš, "the veil of the sanctuary." The blood reaches toward, but not past, the veil — "only into the neighbourhood of the gracious presence of God" (Keil).

הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃haq·qō·ḏešof the sanctuaryH6944

√ qôdesh — a sacred place or thingArticleNounmasculine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And-the-priest shall-dip his-finger in-the-blood, and-he-shall-sprinkle from the-blood seven times before YHWH, before the-face-of the-veil-of the-sanctuary.

Where the English smooths the original

וְטָבַ֧ל wə·ṭā·ḇal (H2881, ṭâbal) — "and he shall dip," a rare verb (only 16 verses). The same root marks the leper's cleansing (Leviticus 14:16) and Naaman in the Jordan (2 Kings 5:14). The distinctiveness makes it a verbal anchor for the chapter's blood-rite.
וְהִזָּ֨ה wə·hiz·zāh (H5137, nâzâh) — "and he shall sprinkle / spatter," also rare (22 verses). This is not the throwing of blood against the altar wall as in the burnt-offering; it is a fine, repeated sprinkling toward the veil. Gill: "a figure of the blood of Christ, called, in allusion to this rite, the blood of sprinkling."
שֶׁ֤בַע še·ḇa‘ pə·‘ā·mîm (H7651), "seven times" — the number of completeness. Ellicott piles up its uses; Keil reads it as "the stamp of the covenant" so that the covenant relation "which sin had loosened, might be restored."
פָּרֹ֥כֶת pā·rō·ḵeṯ (H6532), "the veil" — the inner curtain before the Holy of Holies (23 verses). The blood is sprinkled at pə·nê, "the face of" the veil; Gill connects it to "the vail of flesh" through which Hebrews 10:19-20 gives boldness to enter.

The Voices✦ 4 public domain

John GillExposition of the Entire Bible1746–63

This rite shows, that the intercession of Christ, signified by the altar of sweet incense, proceeds upon the foot of his blood and sacrifice

source ↗

Charles EllicottCommentary for English Readers1878

With the finger thus dipped into it, he is to put some of the blood on each of the four horns of the golden altar on which the incense was offered. This process, too, was peculiar to the sacrifice of the sin offering.

source ↗

Albert BarnesNotes on the Bible1834

All the blood that was left after the sprinkling and the smearing should be disposed of in such a manner as to suit the decorum of divine service. It had no sacrificial significance.

source ↗

Matthew PooleAnnotations upon the Holy Bible1685

All the blood; so also below, Leviticus 4:18 ,30,34 , to wit, all the rest, as it is expressed Leviticus 5:9 , for part was disposed elsewhere.

source ↗

The priest must then put some of the blood on the horns of the altar of fragrant incense that is before the LORD in the Tent of Meeting. And he is to pour out the rest of the bull’s blood at the base of the altar of burnt offering at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

hak·kō·hên wə·nā·ṯan min- had·dām ‘al- qar·nō·wṯ miz·baḥ has·sam·mîm qə·ṭō·reṯ lip̄·nê Yah·weh ’ă·šer bə·’ō·hel mō·w·‘êḏ wə·’êṯ yiš·pōḵ kāl- hap·pār dam ’el- yə·sō·wḏ miz·baḥ hā·‘ō·lāh ’ă·šer- pe·ṯaḥ ’ō·hel mō·w·‘êḏ

Word by word27 · parsed

הַכֹּהֵ֨ןhak·kō·hênThe priestH3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

וְנָתַן֩wə·nā·ṯanmust then putH5414

√ nâthan — to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etcConjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

מִן־min-some ofH4480

√ min — properly, a part ofPreposition

הַדָּ֜םhad·dāmthe bloodH1818

√ dâm — blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animalArticleNounmasculine singular

עַל־‘al-onH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

קַ֠רְנוֹתqar·nō·wṯthe hornsH7161

√ qeren — a horn (as projecting)Nounfeminine plural construct

qar·nō·wṯ miz·baḥ, "the horns of the altar." For the priest and congregation the blood is placed on the golden incense altar within; for the ruler and commoner, only on the bronze altar of burnt-offering in the court (vv. 25, 30) — a graded geography of access.

מִזְבַּ֨חmiz·baḥof the altarH4196

√ mizbêach — an altarNounmasculine singular construct

הַסַּמִּים֙has·sam·mîmof fragrantH5561

√ çam — an aromaArticleNounmasculine plural

קְטֹ֤רֶתqə·ṭō·reṯincenseH7004

√ qᵉṭôreth — a fumigationNounfeminine singular construct

לִפְנֵ֣יlip̄·nêthat is beforeH6440

√ pânîym — the face (as the part that turns)Preposition-lNouncommon plural construct

יְהוָ֔הYah·wehthe LORDH3068

√ Yᵉhôvâh — Jehovah, Jewish national name of GodNounpropermasculine singular

אֲשֶׁ֖ר’ă·šerH834

√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative

בְּאֹ֣הֶלbə·’ō·helin the TentH168

√ ʼôhel — a tent (as clearly conspicuous from a distance)Preposition-bNounmasculine singular construct

מוֹעֵ֑דmō·w·‘êḏof MeetingH4150

√ môwʻêd — properly, an appointment, iNounmasculine singular

וְאֵ֣ת׀wə·’êṯAndH853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker

יִשְׁפֹּךְ֙yiš·pōḵhe is to pour outH8210

√ shâphak — to spill forth (blood, a libation, liquid metalVerbQalImperfectthird person masculine singular

yiš·pōḵ, "he pours out" — the verb of libation and of bloodshed. The same root carries Genesis 9:6's "whoever sheds man's blood," rooting the rite in the cost of life.

כָּל־kāl-the restH3605

√ kôl — properly, the wholeNounmasculine singular construct

הַפָּ֗רhap·pārof the bull’sH6499

√ par — a bullock (apparently as breaking forth in wild strength, or perhaps as dividing the hoof)ArticleNounmasculine singular

דַּ֣םdambloodH1818

√ dâm — blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animalNounmasculine singular construct

אֶל־’el-atH413

√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition

יְסוֹד֙yə·sō·wḏthe baseH3247

√ yᵉçôwd — a foundation (literally or figuratively)Nounmasculine singular construct

yə·sō·wḏ, "the base" (H3247) — a rare term, mentioned in this chapter only of pouring out the sin-offering's blood. The blood that atones is applied to the horns; the surplus sinks into the ground at the foundation.

מִזְבַּ֣חmiz·baḥof the altarH4196

√ mizbêach — an altarNounmasculine singular construct

הָעֹלָ֔הhā·‘ō·lāhof burnt offeringH5930

√ ʻôlâh — a step or (collectively, stairs, as ascending)ArticleNounfeminine singular

אֲשֶׁר־’ă·šer-H834

√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative

פֶּ֖תַחpe·ṯaḥat the entranceH6607

√ pethach — an opening (literally), iNounmasculine singular construct

אֹ֥הֶל’ō·helto the TentH168

√ ʼôhel — a tent (as clearly conspicuous from a distance)Nounmasculine singular construct

מוֹעֵֽד׃mō·w·‘êḏof MeetingH4150

√ môwʻêd — properly, an appointment, iNounmasculine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And-the-priest shall-put from the-blood on the-horns-of the-altar-of fragrant incense that-is before YHWH in the-Tent-of Meeting; and all the-blood-of the-bull he-shall-pour-out at the-base-of the-altar-of the-burnt-offering at the-entrance-of the-Tent-of Meeting.

Where the English smooths the original

וְנָתַן֩ wə·nā·ṯan (H5414), "and he shall put / give" — the same verb of placement repeated at every altar in the chapter. The blood is placed, deliberately smeared, not flung; Keil stresses it was "smeared upon the horns of the altar," not merely swung against its wall.
קַ֠רְנוֹת qar·nō·wṯ (H7161), "the horns" of the altar — its highest, most sacred points. The Pulpit Commentary: "they were regarded as the most sacred part of the altar, because they were its highest points, in which its elevation towards heaven culminated."
יִשְׁפֹּךְ֙ yiš·pōḵ (H8210, shâphak), "he shall pour out" — the remainder at the yᵉçôwd, the foundation/base (H3247, rare, 19 verses). Barnes: this blood "had no sacrificial significance"; it was simply disposed of with the decorum of divine service.
כָּל־ kāl-dam reads "all the blood," but Poole notes it means "all the rest, as it is expressed Leviticus 5:9 , for part was disposed elsewhere" — a Hebrew idiom where "all" means all that remains.

Then he shall remove all the fat from the bull of the sin offering—the fat that covers the entrails, all the fat that is on them,

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wə·’eṯ- yā·rîm kāl- ḥê·leḇ mim·men·nū ’eṯ- par ha·ḥaṭ·ṭāṯ ha·ḥê·leḇ ham·ḵas·seh ‘al- haq·qe·reḇ wə·’êṯ kāl- ha·ḥê·leḇ ’ă·šer ‘al- haq·qe·reḇ

Word by word18 · parsed

וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-ThenH853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker

יָרִ֣יםyā·rîmhe shall removeH7311

√ rûwm — to be high actively, to rise or raise (in various applications, literally or figuratively)VerbHifilImperfectthird person masculine singular

כָּל־kāl-allH3605

√ kôl — properly, the wholeNounmasculine singular construct

חֵ֛לֶבḥê·leḇthe fatH2459

√ cheleb — fat, whether literally or figurativelyNounmasculine singular construct

chêleḇ, "the fat" (H2459) — the portions identical to those reserved in the peace-offering (Leviticus 3:3-4). The same suet that crowned the fellowship meal now crowns the offering for sin: the inmost is given to God.

מִמֶּ֑נּוּmim·men·nūfromH4480

√ min — properly, a part ofPrepositionthird person masculine singular

אֶת־’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker

פַּ֥רparthe bullH6499

√ par — a bullock (apparently as breaking forth in wild strength, or perhaps as dividing the hoof)Nounmasculine singular construct

הַֽחַטָּ֖אתha·ḥaṭ·ṭāṯof the sin offeringH2403

√ chaṭṭâʼâh — an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiationArticleNounfeminine singular

הַחֵ֙לֶב֙ha·ḥê·leḇthe fatH2459

√ cheleb — fat, whether literally or figurativelyArticleNounmasculine singular

הַֽמְכַסֶּ֣הham·ḵas·sehthat coversH3680

√ kâçâh — properly, to plump, iArticleVerbPielParticiplemasculine singular

עַל־‘al-H5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

הַקֶּ֔רֶבhaq·qe·reḇthe entrailsH7130

√ qereb — properly, the nearest part, iArticleNounmasculine singular

haq·qe·reḇ, "the entrails" — the body's interior. The sin-offering anatomizes the offerer: outer flesh burned away outside the camp, inner fat ascending on the altar.

וְאֵת֙wə·’êṯH853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker

כָּל־kāl-allH3605

√ kôl — properly, the wholeNounmasculine singular construct

הַחֵ֔לֶבha·ḥê·leḇthe fatH2459

√ cheleb — fat, whether literally or figurativelyArticleNounmasculine singular

אֲשֶׁ֖ר’ă·šerthatH834

√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative

עַל־‘al-is onH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

הַקֶּֽרֶב׃haq·qe·reḇ[them]H7130

√ qereb — properly, the nearest part, iArticleNounmasculine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And all the-fat from-it, from the-bull-of the-sin-offering, he-shall-lift-off — the-fat that-covers the-entrails, and all the-fat that-is on the-entrails,

Where the English smooths the original

חֵ֛לֶב chêleḇ (H2459), "the fat" — specifically the rich suet around the inner organs, reckoned the choicest portion. Ellicott: "That is, the best or choicest part." It alone of the sin-offering ascends on the altar; the rest is burned outside the camp.
יָרִ֣ים yā·rîm (H7311), "he shall lift off / raise" — a verb of elevation, the same root behind the "heave offering." The fat is not merely cut away but lifted up, set apart toward God.
הַקֶּ֔רֶב haq·qe·reḇ (H7130), "the entrails / inward part" — literally the "midst" or inner being. Keil reads the inner fat and kidneys as figuring "the better part or inmost kernel of the man," given up to "the purifying fire of the Holy Spirit of God."

both kidneys with the fat on them near the loins, and the lobe of the liver, which he is to remove with the kidneys—

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wə·’êṯ šə·tê hak·kə·lā·yōṯ wə·’eṯ- ha·ḥê·leḇ ’ă·šer ‘ă·lê·hen ’ă·šer ‘al- hak·kə·sā·lîm wə·’eṯ- hay·yō·ṯe·reṯ ‘al- hak·kā·ḇêḏ yə·sî·ren·nāh ‘al- hak·kə·lā·yō·wṯ

Word by word17 · parsed

וְאֵת֙wə·’êṯH853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker

שְׁתֵּ֣יšə·têbothH8147

√ shᵉnayim — twoNumberfeminine dual construct

הַכְּלָיֹ֔תhak·kə·lā·yōṯkidneysH3629

√ kilyâh — a kidney (as an essential organ)ArticleNounfeminine plural

hak·kə·lā·yōṯ, "the kidneys" — in the Hebrew anthropology the reins, the locus of conscience and feeling. Their burning figures the offerer's inmost self surrendered.

וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker

הַחֵ֙לֶב֙ha·ḥê·leḇwith the fatH2459

√ cheleb — fat, whether literally or figurativelyArticleNounmasculine singular

אֲשֶׁ֣ר’ă·šerH834

√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative

עֲלֵיהֶ֔ן‘ă·lê·henon themH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPrepositionthird person feminine plural

אֲשֶׁ֖ר’ă·šerH834

√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative

עַל־‘al-nearH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

הַכְּסָלִ֑יםhak·kə·sā·lîmthe loinsH3689

√ keçel — properly, fatness, iArticleNounmasculine plural

וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-andH853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker

הַיֹּתֶ֙רֶת֙hay·yō·ṯe·reṯthe lobeH3508

√ yôthereth — the lobe or flap of the liver (as if redundant or outhanging)ArticleNounfeminine singular

hay·yō·ṯe·reṯ, "the lobe over the liver" (H3508) — an 11-verse rarity. Ellicott: "The regulations prescribed in these two verses are the same as those in connection with the peace offering in Leviticus 3:4-5."

עַל־‘al-ofH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

הַכָּבֵ֔דhak·kā·ḇêḏthe liverH3516

√ kâbêd — the liver (as the heaviest of the viscera)ArticleNounfeminine singular

יְסִירֶֽנָּה׃yə·sî·ren·nāhwhich he is to removeH5493

√ çûwr — to turn off (literal or figurative)VerbHifilImperfectthird person masculine singularthird person feminine singular

עַל־‘al-withH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

הַכְּלָי֖וֹתhak·kə·lā·yō·wṯthe kidneysH3629

√ kilyâh — a kidney (as an essential organ)ArticleNounfeminine plural

Literal — word-for-word from the original

and the-two kidneys, and the-fat that-is on-them, that-is by the-loins, and the-lobe-over-the-liver — with the-kidneys he-shall-remove-it,

Where the English smooths the original

הַכְּלָיֹ֔ת hak·kə·lā·yōṯ (H3629), "the kidneys" — in Hebrew thought the seat of the deepest emotions and conscience (cf. Psalm 7:9, "hearts and reins"). Keil: "the seat of the tenderest and deepest emotions." The most intimate organ is given to God.
הַיֹּתֶ֙רֶת֙ hay·yō·ṯe·reṯ (H3508), "the lobe / appendage upon the liver" — a rare anatomical term (only 11 verses), shared with the peace-offering ritual (Leviticus 3:4). Its rarity binds these fat-portions across the offerings into one prescribed set.
הַכָּבֵ֔ד hak·kā·ḇêḏ (H3516), "the liver" — from a root meaning "heavy / weighty," cognate with kâbôd, glory. The weightiest inner organ, like the kidneys and fat, belongs to the LORD.

just as the fat is removed from the ox of the peace offering. Then the priest shall burn them on the altar of burnt offering.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

ka·’ă·šer yū·ram miš·šō·wr ze·ḇaḥ haš·šə·lā·mîm hak·kō·hên wə·hiq·ṭî·rām ‘al miz·baḥ hā·‘ō·lāh

Word by word10 · parsed

כַּאֲשֶׁ֣רka·’ă·šerjust asH834

√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPreposition-kPronounrelative

יוּרַ֔םyū·ramthe fat is removedH7311

√ rûwm — to be high actively, to rise or raise (in various applications, literally or figuratively)VerbHofalImperfectthird person masculine singular

yū·ram — "is removed/lifted off," passive, echoing v. 8's active yā·rîm. The same elevation now stated as a rule by analogy to the peace-offering.

מִשּׁ֖וֹרmiš·šō·wrfrom the oxH7794

√ shôwr — a bullock (as a traveller)Preposition-mNounmasculine singular construct

זֶ֣בַחze·ḇaḥvvvH2077

√ zebach — properly, a slaughter, iNounmasculine singular construct

הַשְּׁלָמִ֑יםhaš·šə·lā·mîmof the peace offeringH8002

√ shelem — properly, requital, iArticleNounmasculine plural

הַכֹּהֵ֔ןhak·kō·hênThen the priestH3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

וְהִקְטִירָם֙wə·hiq·ṭî·rāmshall burn themH6999

√ qâṭar — to smoke, iConjunctive wawVerbHifilConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singularthird person masculine plural

wə·hiq·ṭî·rām, "he shall make them smoke" (qâṭar, H6999) — the verb of acceptable ascent. Two fates split here: the fat smokes on the altar (v. 10), the body is burned (sâraph) outside (v. 12).

עַ֖ל‘alonH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

מִזְבַּ֥חmiz·baḥthe altarH4196

√ mizbêach — an altarNounmasculine singular construct

הָעֹלָֽה׃hā·‘ō·lāhof burnt offeringH5930

√ ʻôlâh — a step or (collectively, stairs, as ascending)ArticleNounfeminine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

just as it-is-lifted-off from the-ox-of the-peace-offering; and-the-priest shall-make-it-smoke on the-altar-of the-burnt-offering.

Where the English smooths the original

כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר ka·’ă·šer (H834), "just as / according to as" — the explicit cross-reference written into the law itself: the sin-offering's fat is handled exactly as the peace-offering's. The text builds by deliberate analogy, not repetition for its own sake.
הַשְּׁלָמִ֑ים haš·šə·lā·mîm (H8002), "the peace-offerings" — from shâlôm, the offering of fellowship and wholeness. Gill records the rabbinic note that the two "agree, that as one brings peace into the world, so does the other." The offering for sin borrows the gestures of the offering for peace.
וְהִקְטִירָם֙ wə·hiq·ṭî·rām (H6999, qâṭar), "and he shall turn them into smoke" — BSB's "burn" is right but the verb specifically means to send up in fragrant smoke as an offering, distinct from destructive burning (the sâraph of v. 12).

The Voices✦ 3 public domain

Charles EllicottCommentary for English Readers1878

Unlike other burnt offerings, the skins of which were taken off, and became the perquisite of the priests ( Leviticus 7:8 ), this sin offering was not flayed at all, but was cut to pieces with its skin.

source ↗

Jamieson, Fausset & BrownCommentary Critical and Explanatory1871

the carcass was carried without the camp [Le 4:12], in order that the total combustion of it in the place of ashes might the more strikingly indicate the enormity of the transgression, and the horror with which he regarded it (compare Heb 13:12, 13).

source ↗

John GillExposition of the Entire Bible1746–63

the burning of these denoted the sufferings of Christ, and these several parts the extent of them, they reaching to all parts of his body as stretched upon the cross

source ↗

But the hide of the bull and all its flesh, with its head and legs and its entrails and dung—

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wə·’eṯ- ‘ō·wr hap·pār wə·’eṯ- kāl- bə·śā·rōw ‘al- rō·šōw wə·‘al- kə·rā·‘āw wə·qir·bōw ū·p̄ir·šōw

Word by word12 · parsed

וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker

ע֤וֹר‘ō·wrBut the hideH5785

√ ʻôwr — skin (as naked)Nounmasculine singular construct

‘ōwr hap·pār, "the hide of the bull" — withheld from the priest precisely because he is the offerer. The rule guards against the mediator profiting from his own atonement.

הַפָּר֙hap·pārof the bullH6499

√ par — a bullock (apparently as breaking forth in wild strength, or perhaps as dividing the hoof)ArticleNounmasculine singular

וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker

כָּל־kāl-and allH3605

√ kôl — properly, the wholeNounmasculine singular construct

בְּשָׂר֔וֹbə·śā·rōwits fleshH1320

√ bâsâr — flesh (from its freshness)Nounmasculine singular constructthird person masculine singular

bə·śā·rōw, "its flesh" — the body destined for the fire outside the camp. Jamieson, Fausset & Brown link the total combustion to the enormity of the high priest's sin (compare Hebrews 13:12-13).

עַל־‘al-withH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

רֹאשׁ֖וֹrō·šōwits headH7218

√ rôʼsh — the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itcNounmasculine singular constructthird person masculine singular

וְעַל־wə·‘al-. . .H5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsConjunctive wawPreposition

כְּרָעָ֑יוkə·rā·‘āwand legsH3767

√ kârâʻ — the leg (from the knee to the ankle) of men or locusts (only in the dual)Nounfeminine plural constructthird person masculine singular

וְקִרְבּ֖וֹwə·qir·bōwand its entrailsH7130

√ qereb — properly, the nearest part, iConjunctive wawNounmasculine singular constructthird person masculine singular

וּפִרְשֽׁוֹ׃ū·p̄ir·šōwand dungH6569

√ peresh — excrement (as eliminated)Conjunctive wawNounmasculine singular constructthird person masculine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

But the-hide-of the-bull, and all its-flesh, with its-head and its-legs, and its-entrails and its-dung —

Where the English smooths the original

ע֤וֹר ‘ōwr (H5785), "the hide / skin" — normally the priest's perquisite (Leviticus 7:8), here not flayed at all. Ellicott: "this sin offering was not flayed at all, but was cut to pieces with its skin." Nothing of it is kept; the priest who offers for himself may take no profit.
בְּשָׂר֔וֹ bə·śā·rōw (H1320), "its flesh" — the whole body, listed with head, legs, entrails, and dung. Gill reads the catalogue as the extent of Christ's sufferings, "they reaching to all parts of his body as stretched upon the cross."
וּפִרְשֽׁוֹ ū·p̄ir·šōw (H6569), "and its dung" — the basest refuse, named explicitly. The sin-bearing victim is wholly removed, down to its filth; Gill connects it to "the reproach" of the cross, that Christ "was made sin and a curse for his people."

The Voices✦ 4 public domain

Matthew PooleAnnotations upon the Holy Bible1685

That Christ should suffer without the camp or gate, as he did. See Hebrews 13:11 ,12 .

The third of Poole's three readings of "without the camp."

source ↗

Joseph BensonCommentary on the Old and New Testaments1810s

So no part of this was to be eaten by the priests, as it was in other sin-offerings. The reason is plain, because the offerer might not eat of his own sin-offering, and the priest was the offerer in this case

source ↗

Keil & DelitzschBiblical Commentary on the Old Testament1860s

the flesh or body of the bullock, which had been made חטּאת by the laying on of the hand, could not be eaten by the priests as the body of sin

source ↗

Charles EllicottCommentary for English Readers1878

It is this place to which the Apostle refers when he says, “for the bodies of those beast whose blood is brought into the holy place by the high priest as an offering for sin are burned without the camp.

source ↗

all the rest of the bull—he must take outside the camp to a ceremonially clean place where the ashes are poured out, and there he must burn it on a wood fire on the ash heap.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

kāl- hap·pār wə·hō·w·ṣî ’eṯ- mi·ḥūṣ lam·ma·ḥă·neh ’el- ṭā·hō·wr ’el- mā·qō·wm ’el- had·de·šen še·p̄eḵ wə·śā·rap̄ ’ō·ṯōw ‘al- ‘ê·ṣîm bā·’êš yiś·śā·rêp̄ ‘al- had·de·šen še·p̄eḵ

Word by word22 · parsed

כָּל־kāl-allH3605

√ kôl — properly, the wholeNounmasculine singular construct

הַ֠פָּרhap·pārthe rest of the bullH6499

√ par — a bullock (apparently as breaking forth in wild strength, or perhaps as dividing the hoof)ArticleNounmasculine singular

וְהוֹצִ֣יאwə·hō·w·ṣîhe must takeH3318

√ yâtsâʼ — to go (causatively, bring) out, in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively, direct and proximConjunctive wawVerbHifilConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

אֶת־’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker

מִח֨וּץmi·ḥūṣoutsideH2351

√ chûwts — properly, separate by awall, iPreposition-mNounmasculine singular

mi·ḥūṣ lam·ma·ḥă·neh, "outside the camp" — the unit's most theologically loaded clause. The sin-laden body is expelled from "the kingdom of God, from which everything dead was removed" (Keil), yet burned in a clean place because the flesh, blood-consecrated, was "most holy."

לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֜הlam·ma·ḥă·nehthe campH4264

√ machăneh — an encampment (of travellers or troops)Preposition-l, ArticleNouncommon singular

אֶל־’el-toH413

√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition

טָהוֹר֙ṭā·hō·wra ceremonially cleanH2889

√ ṭâhôwr — pure (in a physical, chemical, ceremonial or moral sense)Adjectivemasculine singular

אֶל־’el-. . .H413

√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition

מָק֤וֹםmā·qō·wmplaceH4725

√ mâqôwm — properly, a standing, iNounmasculine singular

אֶל־’el-whereH413

√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition

הַדֶּ֔שֶׁןhad·de·šenthe ashesH1880

√ deshen — the fatArticleNounmasculine singular

שֶׁ֣פֶךְše·p̄eḵare poured outH8211

√ shephek — an emptying place, eNounmasculine singular construct

וְשָׂרַ֥ףwə·śā·rap̄and there he must burnH8313

√ sâraph — to be (causatively, set) on fireConjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

wə·śā·rap̄, "he shall burn" (sâraph, H8313) — the same verb used of the red-cow sin-offering (Numbers 19) and the bodies on the Day of Atonement (Leviticus 16:27). The shared rite is what Hebrews 13:11-13 will reach for at Golgotha — flagged below as a debated NT provenance.

אֹת֛וֹ’ō·ṯōwH853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object markerthird person masculine singular

עַל־‘al-it onH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

עֵצִ֖ים‘ê·ṣîma woodH6086

√ ʻêts — a tree (from its firmness)Nounmasculine plural

בָּאֵ֑שׁbā·’êšfireH784

√ ʼêsh — fire (literally or figuratively)Preposition-b, ArticleNouncommon singular

יִשָּׂרֵֽף׃פyiś·śā·rêp̄H8313

√ sâraph — to be (causatively, set) on fireVerbNifalImperfectthird person masculine singular

עַל־‘al-onH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

הַדֶּ֖שֶׁןhad·de·šenthe ashH1880

√ deshen — the fatArticleNounmasculine singular

שֶׁ֥פֶךְše·p̄eḵheapH8211

√ shephek — an emptying place, eNounmasculine singular construct

Literal — word-for-word from the original

even all the-bull he-shall-bring-out to outside the-camp, to a-clean place where the-ashes are-poured-out, and-he-shall-burn it on wood with-fire; where the-ashes are-poured-out it-shall-be-burned.

Where the English smooths the original

מִח֨וּץ mi·ḥūṣ lam·ma·ḥă·neh (H2351 + H4264), "to outside the camp." This phrase carries the verse's whole weight. Poole gives three readings: "the horrible and abominable nature of sin... the removing of the guilt... That Christ should suffer without the camp or gate, as he did."
וְשָׂרַ֥ף wə·śā·rap̄ (H8313, sâraph), "and he shall burn" — destructive burning, not the qâṭar ("make smoke") of the altar. The body is consumed as refuse outside, the very opposite fate from the fat that ascends to God within.
טָהוֹר֙ ṭā·hō·wr (H2889), "clean" — yet outside the camp. Keil insists the spot is not where carrion is thrown but "the clean place... to which the ashes of the altar of burnt-offering were removed" — sacred refuse, reverently destroyed.

Now if the whole congregation of Israel strays unintentionally and the matter escapes the notice of the assembly so that they violate any of the LORD’s commandments and incur guilt by doing what is forbidden,

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wə·’im kāl- ‘ă·ḏaṯ yiś·rā·’êl yiš·gū dā·ḇār wə·ne‘·lam mê·‘ê·nê haq·qā·hāl wə·‘ā·śū ’a·ḥaṯ mik·kāl Yah·weh miṣ·wōṯ wə·’ā·šê·mū ’ă·šer lō- ṯê·‘ā·śe·nāh

Word by word18 · parsed

וְאִ֨םwə·’imNow ifH518

√ ʼim — used very widely as demonstrative, lo!Conjunction

כָּל־kāl-the wholeH3605

√ kôl — properly, the wholeNounmasculine singular construct

עֲדַ֤ת‘ă·ḏaṯcongregationH5712

√ ʻêdâh — a stated assemblage (specifically, a concourse, or generally, a family or crowd)Nounfeminine singular construct

‘ă·ḏaṯ yiś·rā·’êl, "the congregation of Israel" — the corporate body. The same costly bull required of the high priest is now required of the whole people; Keil: "'the whole congregation' included the priesthood, or at any rate was on an equality with the priesthood."

יִשְׂרָאֵל֙yiś·rā·’êlof IsraelH3478

√ Yisrâʼêl — Jisrael, a symbolical name of JacobNounpropermasculine singular

יִשְׁגּ֔וּyiš·gūstrays unintentionallyH7686

√ shâgâh — to stray (causatively, mislead), usually (figuratively) to mistake, especially (morally) to transgressVerbQalImperfectthird person masculine plural

yiš·gū, "they stray" (shâgâh) — the root behind the chapter's bishgâgâh. A nation, like a soul, can miss the mark together.

דָּבָ֔רdā·ḇārand the matterH1697

√ dâbâr — a wordNounmasculine singular

וְנֶעְלַ֣םwə·ne‘·lamescapesH5956

√ ʻâlam — to veil from sight, iConjunctive wawVerbNifalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

מֵעֵינֵ֖יmê·‘ê·nêthe noticeH5869

√ ʻayin — an eye (literally or figuratively)Preposition-mNouncdc

הַקָּהָ֑לhaq·qā·hālof the assemblyH6951

√ qâhâl — assemblage (usually concretely)ArticleNounmasculine singular

haq·qā·hāl, "the assembly" — used interchangeably here with "congregation," though the Cambridge note records a long tradition reading it as the people over against the Sanhedrin.

וְ֠עָשׂוּwə·‘ā·śūso that they violateH6213

√ ʻâsâh — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest applicationConjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person common plural

אַחַ֨ת’a·ḥaṯanyH259

√ ʼechâd — properly, united, iNumberfeminine singular

מִכָּל־mik·kāl. . .H3605

√ kôl — properly, the wholePreposition-mNounmasculine singular construct

יְהוָ֛הYah·wehof the LORD’sH3068

√ Yᵉhôvâh — Jehovah, Jewish national name of GodNounpropermasculine singular

מִצְוֺ֧תmiṣ·wōṯcommandmentsH4687

√ mitsvâh — a command, whether human or divine (collectively, the Law)Nounfeminine plural construct

וְאָשֵֽׁמוּ׃wə·’ā·šê·mūand incur guiltH816

√ ʼâsham — to be guiltyConjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person common plural

אֲשֶׁ֥ר’ă·šerby doing whatH834

√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative

לֹא־lō-is forbiddenH3808

√ lôʼ — not (the simple or absAdverbNegative particle

תֵעָשֶׂ֖ינָהṯê·‘ā·śe·nāh. . .H6213

√ ʻâsâh — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest applicationVerbNifalImperfectthird person feminine plural

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And-if the-whole congregation-of Israel strays, and-the-matter is-hidden from the-eyes-of the-assembly, and-they-do one from-all the-commandments-of YHWH that-are-not to-be-done, and-they-incur-guilt —

Where the English smooths the original

יִשְׁגּ֔וּ yiš·gū (H7686, shâgâh), "they go astray / wander" — the verbal cousin of v. 2's noun shᵉgâgâh. The whole nation can wander as one body; sin is not only individual. Geneva: "The multitude does not excuse the sin, but if all have sinned, they must all be punished."
וְנֶעְלַ֣ם wə·ne‘·lam (H5956, ‘âlam), "and it is hidden" — the sin escapes notice. Keil: "it was a sin which was not known to be such, an act which really violated a commandment of God, though it was not looked upon as sin." Corporate sin can hide in plain sight.
עֲדַ֤ת ‘ă·ḏaṯ (H5712, ‘êdâh, "congregation") and haq·qā·hāl (H6951, qâhâl, "assembly") are paired. Barnes: "Each of the Hebrew words signifies the people in a collected body... there is any difference between them" — though Jewish tradition read one as the Sanhedrin.

when they become aware of the sin they have committed, then the assembly must bring a young bull as a sin offering and present it before the Tent of Meeting.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wə·nō·wḏ·‘āh ha·ḥaṭ·ṭāṯ ’ă·šer ḥā·ṭə·’ū ‘ā·le·hā haq·qā·hāl par wə·hiq·rî·ḇū ben- bā·qār lə·ḥaṭ·ṭāṯ wə·hê·ḇî·’ū ’ō·ṯōw lip̄·nê ’ō·hel mō·w·‘êḏ

Word by word16 · parsed

וְנֽוֹדְעָה֙wə·nō·wḏ·‘āhwhen they become awareH3045

√ yâdaʻ — to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing)Conjunctive wawVerbNifalConjunctive perfectthird person feminine singular

הַֽחַטָּ֔אתha·ḥaṭ·ṭāṯof the sinH2403

√ chaṭṭâʼâh — an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiationArticleNounfeminine singular

haḥ·ṭā·ʼaṯ — "the sin" and the "sin-offering" are the same word; the offering bears the name of the very thing it expiates.

אֲשֶׁ֥ר’ă·šerH834

√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative

חָטְא֖וּḥā·ṭə·’ūthey have committedH2398

√ châṭâʼ — properly, to missVerbQalPerfectthird person common plural

עָלֶ֑יהָ‘ā·le·hā. . .H5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPrepositionthird person feminine singular

הַקָּהָ֜לhaq·qā·hālthen the assemblyH6951

√ qâhâl — assemblage (usually concretely)ArticleNounmasculine singular

פַּ֤רpar. . .H6499

√ par — a bullock (apparently as breaking forth in wild strength, or perhaps as dividing the hoof)Nounmasculine singular

וְהִקְרִ֨יבוּwə·hiq·rî·ḇūmust bringH7126

√ qârab — to approach (causatively, bring near) for whatever purposeConjunctive wawVerbHifilConjunctive perfectthird person common plural

wə·hiq·rî·ḇū, "they shall bring near" — the congregation presents through the elders. Ellicott guards against literalism: this "no more means that the whole congregation... are all to lay hold of the victim" than v. 12 meant the priest carried the bull alone.

בֶּן־ben-a youngH1121

בָּקָר֙bā·qārbullH1241

√ bâqâr — beef cattle or an animal of the ox family of either gender (as used for plowing)Nounmasculine singular

לְחַטָּ֔אתlə·ḥaṭ·ṭāṯas a sin offeringH2403

√ chaṭṭâʼâh — an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiationPreposition-lNounfeminine singular

וְהֵבִ֣יאוּwə·hê·ḇî·’ūand presentH935

√ bôwʼ — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)Conjunctive wawVerbHifilConjunctive perfectthird person common plural

אֹת֔וֹ’ō·ṯōwitH853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object markerthird person masculine singular

לִפְנֵ֖יlip̄·nêbeforeH6440

√ pânîym — the face (as the part that turns)Preposition-lNouncommon plural construct

אֹ֥הֶל’ō·helthe TentH168

√ ʼôhel — a tent (as clearly conspicuous from a distance)Nounmasculine singular construct

מוֹעֵֽד׃mō·w·‘êḏof MeetingH4150

√ môwʻêd — properly, an appointment, iNounmasculine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

when the-sin is-made-known — that-which they-sinned concerning-it — then the-assembly shall-bring-near a-bull, a-son-of-the-herd, for a-sin-offering, and-they-shall-bring it before the-Tent-of Meeting.

Where the English smooths the original

וְנֽוֹדְעָה֙ wə·nō·wḏ·‘āh (H3045, yâdaʻ, Nifal), "when it is made known" — the trigger for atonement is knowledge. Until the hidden sin (v. 13) becomes known, no offering is brought; recognition precedes repentance. Barnes compares 1 Samuel 14:31-35.
פַּ֤ר par ben-bāqār (H6499), "a bull, son of the herd" — the identical costliest victim required for the anointed priest (v. 3). Gill: the congregation's bull is "the same offering with that of the anointed priest, he being... equal to all Israel."
וְהִקְרִ֨יבוּ wə·hiq·rî·ḇū (H7126, qârab, Hiphil), "and they shall bring near / present" — the cultic verb of approach, plural here for the corporate body acting through its elders (v. 15).

The elders of the congregation are to lay their hands on the bull’s head before the LORD, and it shall be slaughtered before the LORD.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

ziq·nê hā·‘ê·ḏāh ’eṯ- wə·sā·mə·ḵū yə·ḏê·hem ‘al- hap·pār rōš lip̄·nê Yah·weh hap·pār wə·šā·ḥaṭ ’eṯ- lip̄·nê Yah·weh

Word by word15 · parsed

זִקְנֵ֨יziq·nêThe eldersH2205

√ zâqên — oldAdjectivemasculine plural construct

ziq·nê hā·‘ê·ḏāh, "the elders of the congregation" — a phrase Cambridge notes is otherwise rare in this stratum of the law (Leviticus 9:1; Joshua 20:4). Representation is built into the rite: the people lay hands by proxy.

הָעֵדָ֧הhā·‘ê·ḏāhof the congregationH5712

√ ʻêdâh — a stated assemblage (specifically, a concourse, or generally, a family or crowd)ArticleNounfeminine singular

אֶת־’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker

וְ֠סָמְכוּwə·sā·mə·ḵūare to layH5564

√ çâmak — to prop (literally or figuratively)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person common plural

wə·sā·mə·ḵū, the leaning of hands — the same transfer-gesture as v. 4, now corporate. Henry reads the congregation's sin "borne by the guiltless animal."

יְדֵיהֶ֛םyə·ḏê·hemtheir handsH3027

√ yâd — a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etcNounfeminine dual constructthird person masculine plural

עַל־‘al-onH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

הַפָּ֖רhap·pārthe bull’sH6499

√ par — a bullock (apparently as breaking forth in wild strength, or perhaps as dividing the hoof)ArticleNounmasculine singular

רֹ֥אשׁrōšheadH7218

√ rôʼsh — the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itcNounmasculine singular construct

לִפְנֵ֣יlip̄·nêbeforeH6440

√ pânîym — the face (as the part that turns)Preposition-lNouncommon plural construct

יְהוָ֑הYah·wehthe LORDH3068

√ Yᵉhôvâh — Jehovah, Jewish national name of GodNounpropermasculine singular

הַפָּ֖רhap·pārand itH6499

√ par — a bullock (apparently as breaking forth in wild strength, or perhaps as dividing the hoof)ArticleNounmasculine singular

וְשָׁחַ֥טwə·šā·ḥaṭshall be slaughteredH7819

√ shâchaṭ — to slaughter (in sacrifice or massacre)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

אֶת־’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker

לִפְנֵ֥יlip̄·nêbeforeH6440

√ pânîym — the face (as the part that turns)Preposition-lNouncommon plural construct

יְהוָֽה׃Yah·wehthe LORDH3068

√ Yᵉhôvâh — Jehovah, Jewish national name of GodNounpropermasculine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And-the-elders-of the-congregation shall-lean their-hands on the-head-of the-bull before YHWH, and-the-bull shall-be-slaughtered before YHWH.

Where the English smooths the original

זִקְנֵ֨י ziq·nê hā·‘ê·ḏāh (H2205), "the elders of the congregation" — the representatives who stand in for the people who cannot all touch the victim. Benson: they "acted in the name of all the people, who could not possibly perform this act in their own persons."
וְ֠סָמְכוּ wə·sā·mə·ḵū yə·ḏê·hem (H5564), "and they shall lean their hands" — the plural of the single-handed gesture of v. 4. The whole nation's guilt is pressed onto one head through its elders' hands. Cambridge notes only one other congregational laying-on of hands: the scapegoat (Leviticus 16:21).
וְשָׁחַ֥ט wə·šā·ḥaṭ (H7819) is impersonal — "and (one) shall slaughter" / "it shall be slaughtered." Keil notes the subject is "one of the elders." The corporate act narrows to a single hand on a single knife.

Then the anointed priest is to bring some of the bull’s blood into the Tent of Meeting,

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

ham·mā·šî·aḥ hak·kō·hên wə·hê·ḇî hap·pār mid·dam ’el- ’ō·hel mō·w·‘êḏ

Word by word8 · parsed

הַמָּשִׁ֖יחַham·mā·šî·aḥThen the anointedH4899

√ mâshîyach — anointedArticleAdjectivemasculine singular

ham·mā·šî·aḥ — "the anointed," presiding now for the whole nation. The congregational sin-offering deliberately repeats the priest's rite (vv. 5-12); Ellicott: "The rest of the regulations are exactly the same."

הַכֹּהֵ֥ןhak·kō·hênpriestH3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

וְהֵבִ֛יאwə·hê·ḇîis to bringH935

√ bôwʼ — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)Conjunctive wawVerbHifilConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

הַפָּ֑רhap·pārsome of the bull’sH6499

√ par — a bullock (apparently as breaking forth in wild strength, or perhaps as dividing the hoof)ArticleNounmasculine singular

מִדַּ֣םmid·dambloodH1818

√ dâm — blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animalPreposition-mNounmasculine singular construct

אֶל־’el-intoH413

√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition

אֹ֖הֶל’ō·helthe TentH168

√ ʼôhel — a tent (as clearly conspicuous from a distance)Nounmasculine singular construct

מוֹעֵֽד׃mō·w·‘êḏof MeetingH4150

√ môwʻêd — properly, an appointment, iNounmasculine singular

mid·dam, "some of the blood" — carried into the holy place because the congregation, like the priest, holds a priestly calling before the LORD (cf. Exodus 19:6).

and he is to dip his finger in the blood and sprinkle it seven times before the LORD in front of the veil.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

hak·kō·hên wə·ṭā·ḇal ’eṣ·bā·‘ōw min- had·dām wə·hiz·zāh še·ḇa‘ pə·‘ā·mîm lip̄·nê Yah·weh ’êṯ pə·nê hap·pā·rō·ḵeṯ

Word by word13 · parsed

הַכֹּהֵ֛ןhak·kō·hênand [he]H3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

The verse is nearly verbatim with v. 6 — the Verifier confirms the verbal tie (rare ṭâbal, nâzâh, pôreketh). The law repeats the gesture word-for-word to bind the congregation's atonement to the priest's.

וְטָבַ֧לwə·ṭā·ḇalis to dipH2881

√ ṭâbal — to dip, to immerseConjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

אֶצְבָּע֖וֹ’eṣ·bā·‘ōwhis fingerH676

√ ʼetsbaʻ — something to sieze with, iNounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular

מִן־min-inH4480

√ min — properly, a part ofPreposition

nâzâh ... še·ḇa‘ — sprinkle, seven times. The completeness-number stamps the covenant restoration on the whole nation, not just its head.

הַדָּ֑םhad·dāmthe bloodH1818

√ dâm — blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animalArticleNounmasculine singular

וְהִזָּ֞הwə·hiz·zāhand sprinkleH5137

√ nâzâh — to spirt, iConjunctive wawVerbHifilConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

שֶׁ֤בַעše·ḇa‘it sevenH7651

√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Numberfeminine singular

פְּעָמִים֙pə·‘ā·mîmtimesH6471

√ paʻam — a stroke, literally or figuratively (in various applications, as follow)Nounfeminine plural

לִפְנֵ֣יlip̄·nêbeforeH6440

√ pânîym — the face (as the part that turns)Preposition-lNouncommon plural construct

יְהוָ֔הYah·wehthe LORDH3068

√ Yᵉhôvâh — Jehovah, Jewish national name of GodNounpropermasculine singular

אֵ֖ת’êṯ. . .H854

√ ʼêth — properly, nearness (used only as a preposition or an adverb), nearDirect object marker

פְּנֵ֥יpə·nêin frontH6440

√ pânîym — the face (as the part that turns)Nouncommon plural construct

הַפָּרֹֽכֶת׃hap·pā·rō·ḵeṯof the veilH6532

√ pôreketh — a separatrix, iArticleNounfeminine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And-the-priest shall-dip his-finger in some of the-blood, and-he-shall-sprinkle it seven times before YHWH, before the-veil.

Where the English smooths the original

וְטָבַ֤ל wə·ṭā·ḇal (H2881, ṭâbal) — "and he shall dip," the same rare verb (16 verses) as v. 6. The congregational rite reproduces the priest's blood-gesture exactly; the verbal repetition is the law binding the two cases together.
וְהִזָּ֤ה wə·hiz·zāh (H5137, nâzâh), "and he shall sprinkle" — again the fine, sevenfold spattering, not pouring. Benson: "the cleansing virtue of the blood of Christ was sufficiently represented by sprinkling."
שֶׁ֖בַע še·ḇa‘ pə·‘ā·mîm (H7651), "seven times" — Benson ties it to creation: "Because God made the world in six days, and rested the seventh. This signified the perfect satisfaction Christ made."

He is also to put some of the blood on the horns of the altar that is before the LORD in the Tent of Meeting, and he must pour out the rest of the blood at the base of the altar of burnt offering at the entrance to the Tent of Meeting.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

yit·tên ū·min- had·dām ‘al- qar·nōṯ ham·miz·bê·aḥ ’ă·šer lip̄·nê Yah·weh ’ă·šer bə·’ō·hel mō·w·‘êḏ wə·’êṯ yiš·pōḵ kāl- had·dām ’el- yə·sō·wḏ miz·baḥ hā·‘ō·lāh ’ă·šer- pe·ṯaḥ ’ō·hel mō·w·‘êḏ

Word by word24 · parsed

יִתֵּ֣ן׀yit·tênHe is also to putH5414

√ nâthan — to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etcVerbQalImperfectthird person masculine singular

The handling of the congregation's blood matches the priest's exactly (v. 7) — inner altar for the smearing, the base of the outer altar for the surplus. Two altars, one rite.

וּמִן־ū·min-some ofH4480

√ min — properly, a part ofConjunctive wawPreposition

lip̄·nê Yah·weh, "before the LORD" — Cambridge: "The cloud was on the mercy-seat... the sprinkling before the veil of the sanctuary was a sprinkling 'before the Lord.' The two phrases describe the same action."

הַדָּ֞םhad·dāmthe bloodH1818

√ dâm — blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animalArticleNounmasculine singular

עַל־‘al-onH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

קַרְנֹ֣תqar·nōṯthe hornsH7161

√ qeren — a horn (as projecting)Nounfeminine plural construct

הַמִּזְבֵּ֗חַham·miz·bê·aḥof the altarH4196

√ mizbêach — an altarArticleNounmasculine singular

אֲשֶׁר֙’ă·šerthatH834

√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative

לִפְנֵ֣יlip̄·nêis beforeH6440

√ pânîym — the face (as the part that turns)Preposition-lNouncommon plural construct

יְהוָ֔הYah·wehthe LORDH3068

√ Yᵉhôvâh — Jehovah, Jewish national name of GodNounpropermasculine singular

אֲשֶׁ֖ר’ă·šerH834

√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative

בְּאֹ֣הֶלbə·’ō·helin the TentH168

√ ʼôhel — a tent (as clearly conspicuous from a distance)Preposition-bNounmasculine singular construct

מוֹעֵ֑דmō·w·‘êḏof MeetingH4150

√ môwʻêd — properly, an appointment, iNounmasculine singular

וְאֵ֣תwə·’êṯandH853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker

יִשְׁפֹּךְ֙yiš·pōḵhe must pour outH8210

√ shâphak — to spill forth (blood, a libation, liquid metalVerbQalImperfectthird person masculine singular

כָּל־kāl-the restH3605

√ kôl — properly, the wholeNounmasculine singular construct

הַדָּ֗םhad·dāmof the bloodH1818

√ dâm — blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animalArticleNounmasculine singular

אֶל־’el-atH413

√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition

יְסוֹד֙yə·sō·wḏthe baseH3247

√ yᵉçôwd — a foundation (literally or figuratively)Nounmasculine singular construct

מִזְבַּ֣חmiz·baḥof the altarH4196

√ mizbêach — an altarNounmasculine singular construct

הָעֹלָ֔הhā·‘ō·lāhof burnt offeringH5930

√ ʻôlâh — a step or (collectively, stairs, as ascending)ArticleNounfeminine singular

אֲשֶׁר־’ă·šer-H834

√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative

פֶּ֖תַחpe·ṯaḥat the entranceH6607

√ pethach — an opening (literally), iNounmasculine singular construct

אֹ֥הֶל’ō·helto the TentH168

√ ʼôhel — a tent (as clearly conspicuous from a distance)Nounmasculine singular construct

מוֹעֵֽד׃mō·w·‘êḏof MeetingH4150

√ môwʻêd — properly, an appointment, iNounmasculine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And from the-blood he-shall-put on the-horns-of the-altar that-is before YHWH, that-is in the-Tent-of Meeting; and all the-blood he-shall-pour-out at the-base-of the-altar-of the-burnt-offering that-is at the-entrance-of the-Tent-of Meeting.

Where the English smooths the original

הַמִּזְבֵּ֤חַ ham·miz·bê·aḥ ’ă·šer lip̄·nê Yah·weh — "the altar that is before the LORD," i.e. the golden incense altar inside (Cambridge, Poole: "before the holy of holies, where the Lord was in a more special manner present"). For the congregation, as for the priest, the blood reaches the inner altar.
יִשְׁפֹּ֕ךְ yiš·pōḵ (H8210, shâphak), "he shall pour out" — the remainder of the blood at the yᵉçôwd, the base of the bronze altar in the court. The rite is identical to the priest's (v. 7), confirmed by the Verifier's shared yᵉçôwd, qeren, shâphak.

And he is to remove all the fat from it and burn it on the altar.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wə·’êṯ yā·rîm kāl- ḥel·bōw mim·men·nū wə·hiq·ṭîr ham·miz·bê·ḥāh

Word by word7 · parsed

וְאֵ֥תwə·’êṯAndH853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker

The verse abbreviates: the full fat-catalogue of vv. 8-10 is assumed. Keil reads the burning of the fat as "the better part of human nature... given up in symbol to the purifying fire of the Holy Spirit of God."

יָרִ֣יםyā·rîmhe is to removeH7311

√ rûwm — to be high actively, to rise or raise (in various applications, literally or figuratively)VerbHifilImperfectthird person masculine singular

כָּל־kāl-allH3605

√ kôl — properly, the wholeNounmasculine singular construct

חֶלְבּ֖וֹḥel·bōwthe fatH2459

√ cheleb — fat, whether literally or figurativelyNounmasculine singular constructthird person masculine singular

wə·hiq·ṭîr — "and he shall turn into smoke," the verb of acceptable ascent. The fat rises to God; the carcass departs in disgrace.

מִמֶּ֑נּוּmim·men·nūfrom itH4480

√ min — properly, a part ofPrepositionthird person masculine singular

וְהִקְטִ֖ירwə·hiq·ṭîrand burn [it]H6999

√ qâṭar — to smoke, iConjunctive wawVerbHifilConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

הַמִּזְבֵּֽחָה׃ham·miz·bê·ḥāhon the altarH4196

√ mizbêach — an altarArticleNounmasculine singularthird person feminine singular

He shall offer this bull just as he did the bull for the sin offering; in this way the priest will make atonement on their behalf, and they will be forgiven.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wə·‘ā·śāh lap·pār ka·’ă·šer ‘ā·śāh lə·p̄ar ha·ḥaṭ·ṭāṯ ya·‘ă·śeh- lōw kên hak·kō·hên wə·ḵip·per ‘ă·lê·hem wə·nis·laḥ lā·hem

Word by word14 · parsed

וְעָשָׂ֣הwə·‘ā·śāhHe shall offerH6213

√ ʻâsâh — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest applicationConjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

לַפָּ֔רlap·pārthis bullH6499

√ par — a bullock (apparently as breaking forth in wild strength, or perhaps as dividing the hoof)Preposition-l, ArticleNounmasculine singular

כַּאֲשֶׁ֤רka·’ă·šerjust asH834

√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPreposition-kPronounrelative

עָשָׂה֙‘ā·śāhhe didH6213

√ ʻâsâh — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest applicationVerbQalPerfectthird person masculine singular

לְפַ֣רlə·p̄arthe bullH6499

√ par — a bullock (apparently as breaking forth in wild strength, or perhaps as dividing the hoof)Preposition-lNounmasculine singular construct

הַֽחַטָּ֔אתha·ḥaṭ·ṭāṯfor the sin offeringH2403

√ chaṭṭâʼâh — an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiationArticleNounfeminine singular

יַעֲשֶׂה־ya·‘ă·śeh-H6213

√ ʻâsâh — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest applicationVerbQalImperfectthird person masculine singular

לּ֑וֹlōw

Prepositionthird person masculine singular

כֵּ֖ןkênin this wayH3651

√ kên — properly, set uprightAdverb

הַכֹּהֵ֖ןhak·kō·hênthe priestH3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

וְכִפֶּ֧רwə·ḵip·perwill make atonementH3722

√ kâphar — to cover (specifically with bitumen)Conjunctive wawVerbPielConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

wə·ḵip·per — "and he shall make atonement" (kâphar, H3722), the verb of covering. The chapter's whole machinery exists for this clause; Matthew Henry: "The saving of churches and kingdoms from ruin, is owing to the satisfaction and mediation of Christ."

עֲלֵהֶ֛ם‘ă·lê·hemon their behalfH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPrepositionthird person masculine plural

וְנִסְלַ֥חwə·nis·laḥand they will be forgivenH5545

√ çâlach — to forgiveConjunctive wawVerbNifalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

wə·nis·laḥ, "and it shall be forgiven" (sâlach, H5545) — the recurring refrain (vv. 26, 31, 35; Leviticus 5:10, 13). The Verifier confirms kâphar and sâlach link these verses into one chain of pardon.

לָהֶֽם׃lā·hem. . .

Preposition-lPronounthird person masculine plural

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And-he-shall-do with-the-bull just-as he-did with-the-bull-of the-sin-offering; so shall-he-do with-it; and-the-priest shall-make-atonement for-them, and-it-shall-be-forgiven for-them.

Where the English smooths the original

וְכִפֶּ֧ר wə·ḵip·per (H3722, kâphar), "and he shall make atonement / cover." This is the verb the whole chapter has been climbing toward — the priest covers the people's sin. It is the first time in the chapter the word appears; the priest's own offering (vv. 3-12) named no forgiveness.
וְנִסְלַ֥ח wə·nis·laḥ (H5545, sâlach, Nifal), "and it shall be forgiven" — a verb used in the Old Testament only of God's forgiving. Keil notes this exact formula "recurs with all the sin-offerings (with the exception of the one for the high priest)." The passive hides the Forgiver: God alone pardons.
כַּאֲשֶׁ֤ר ka·’ă·šer ‘ā·śāh lə·p̄ar haḥ·ṭā·ʼaṯ — "just as he did with the bull of the sin offering," the explicit back-reference to vv. 3-12. Benson: "the priest's sin-offering, called the first bullock" (v. 21).

Then he is to take the bull outside the camp and burn it, just as he burned the first bull. It is the sin offering for the assembly.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wə·hō·w·ṣî ’eṯ- hap·pār ’el- mi·ḥūṣ lam·ma·ḥă·neh wə·śā·rap̄ ’ō·ṯōw ka·’ă·šer śā·rap̄ ’êṯ hā·ri·šō·wn hap·pār hū ḥaṭ·ṭaṯ haq·qā·hāl

Word by word16 · parsed

וְהוֹצִ֣יאwə·hō·w·ṣîThen he is to takeH3318

wə·hō·w·ṣî, "he shall bring out" — the congregation's bull is carried "outside the camp" exactly as the priest's (v. 12). Both blood-into-the-sanctuary cases end with the body expelled and burned.

אֶת־’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker

הַפָּ֗רhap·pārthe bullH6499

√ par — a bullock (apparently as breaking forth in wild strength, or perhaps as dividing the hoof)ArticleNounmasculine singular

אֶל־’el-vvvH413

√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition

מִחוּץ֙mi·ḥūṣoutsideH2351

√ chûwts — properly, separate by awall, iPreposition-mNounmasculine singular

לַֽמַּחֲנֶ֔הlam·ma·ḥă·nehthe campH4264

√ machăneh — an encampment (of travellers or troops)Preposition-l, ArticleNouncommon singular

וְשָׂרַ֣ףwə·śā·rap̄and burnH8313

√ sâraph — to be (causatively, set) on fireConjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

ḥaṭ·ṭaṯ haq·qā·hāl, "the sin-offering of the assembly" — the closing label. The corporate atonement is complete only when the sin-laden flesh is wholly removed from the camp.

אֹת֔וֹ’ō·ṯōwitH853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object markerthird person masculine singular

כַּאֲשֶׁ֣רka·’ă·šerjust asH834

√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPreposition-kPronounrelative

שָׂרַ֔ףśā·rap̄he burnedH8313

√ sâraph — to be (causatively, set) on fireVerbQalPerfectthird person masculine singular

אֵ֖ת’êṯH853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker

הָרִאשׁ֑וֹןhā·ri·šō·wnthe firstH7223

√ riʼshôwn — first, in place, time or rank (as adjective or noun)ArticleAdjectivemasculine singular

הַפָּ֣רhap·pārbullH6499

√ par — a bullock (apparently as breaking forth in wild strength, or perhaps as dividing the hoof)ArticleNounmasculine singular

הֽוּא׃פhūItH1931

√ hûwʼ — he (she or it)Pronounthird person masculine singular

חַטַּ֥אתḥaṭ·ṭaṯis the sin offeringH2403

√ chaṭṭâʼâh — an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiationNounfeminine singular construct

הַקָּהָ֖לhaq·qā·hālfor the assemblyH6951

√ qâhâl — assemblage (usually concretely)ArticleNounmasculine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And-he-shall-bring-out the-bull to outside the-camp, and-he-shall-burn it just-as he-burned the-first bull; it-is the-sin-offering-of the-assembly.

Where the English smooths the original

וְהוֹצִ֤יא wə·hō·w·ṣî (H3318, yâtsâʼ, Hiphil), "and he shall bring out" — the same expulsion of the carcass "outside the camp" as v. 12. The congregation's bull shares the priest's bull's fate to the letter.
הָרִאשֽׁוֹן hā·ri·šōwn (H7223), "the first (bull)" — Keil's "former bullock" (v. 12), the priest's. The text ties the two costliest sin-offerings together by cross-reference: the people's offering is burned "just as" the priest's was.
חַטַּ֥את ḥaṭ·ṭaṯ haq·qā·hāl (H2403), "it is the sin-offering of the assembly" — the verse closes by naming the whole rite with the single word chaṭṭâʼâh, "sin," which is also "sin-offering." The body bears the people's name for their failure.

The Voices✦ 4 public domain

Matthew HenryConcise Commentary on the Whole Bible1706

Those who have power to call others to account, are themselves accountable to the Ruler of rulers.

source ↗

John GillExposition of the Entire Bible1746–63

the phrase, "his God", is here added, and is not used neither of the anointed priest, nor of the congregation, nor of one of the common people; only of the prince, to show, that though he is above others, God is above him, and he is accountable to him

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Charles EllicottCommentary for English Readers1878

Rather, and acknowledges his guilt, as the Authorised Version rightly translates it in Hosea 5:15 .

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Albert BarnesNotes on the Bible1834

Ruler - Either the head of a tribe Numbers 1:4-16 , or the head of a division of a tribe

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When a leader sins unintentionally and does what is prohibited by any of the commandments of the LORD his God, he incurs guilt.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

’ă·šer nā·śî ye·ḥĕ·ṭā biš·ḡā·ḡāh wə·‘ā·śāh ’ă·šer lō- ’a·ḥaṯ mik·kāl miṣ·wōṯ Yah·weh ’ĕ·lō·hāw ṯê·‘ā·śe·nāh wə·’ā·šêm

Word by word14 · parsed

אֲשֶׁ֥ר’ă·šerWhenH834

√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative

נָשִׂ֖יאnā·śîa leaderH5387

√ nâsîyʼ — properly, an exalted one, iNounmasculine singular

nā·śî, "the leader" — the third class, the civil ruler. Matthew Henry: "Those who have power to call others to account, are themselves accountable to the Ruler of rulers."

יֶֽחֱטָ֑אye·ḥĕ·ṭāsinsH2398

√ châṭâʼ — properly, to missVerbQalImperfectthird person masculine singular

בִּשְׁגָגָ֖הbiš·ḡā·ḡāhunintentionallyH7684

√ shᵉgâgâh — a mistake or inadvertent transgressionPreposition-bNounfeminine singular

וְעָשָׂ֡הwə·‘ā·śāhand doesH6213

√ ʻâsâh — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest applicationConjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

אֲשֶׁ֧ר’ă·šerwhatH834

√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative

לֹא־lō-is prohibitedH3808

√ lôʼ — not (the simple or absAdverbNegative particle

אַחַ֣ת’a·ḥaṯby anyH259

√ ʼechâd — properly, united, iNumberfeminine singular

מִכָּל־mik·kālofH3605

√ kôl — properly, the wholePreposition-mNounmasculine singular construct

מִצְוֺת֩miṣ·wōṯthe commandmentsH4687

√ mitsvâh — a command, whether human or divine (collectively, the Law)Nounfeminine plural construct

יְהוָ֨הYah·wehof the LORDH3068

√ Yᵉhôvâh — Jehovah, Jewish national name of GodNounpropermasculine singular

אֱלֹהָ֜יו’ĕ·lō·hāwhis GodH430

√ ʼĕlôhîym — gods in the ordinary senseNounmasculine plural constructthird person masculine singular

’ĕ·lō·hāw, "his God" — the unique addition. The ruler answers to a higher King; Cambridge records the rabbinic inference "that a king is meant in this passage" (comparing Ezekiel 34:24; 37:24).

תֵעָשֶׂ֛ינָהṯê·‘ā·śe·nāh. . .H6213

√ ʻâsâh — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest applicationVerbNifalImperfectthird person feminine plural

וְאָשֵֽׁם׃wə·’ā·šêmhe incurs guiltH816

√ ʼâsham — to be guiltyConjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

When a-leader sins, and-he-does — in-error — one from-all the-commandments-of YHWH his-God that-are-not to-be-done, and-he-incurs-guilt —

Where the English smooths the original

נָשִׂ֖יא nā·śî (H5387), "a leader / prince / one lifted up" — from a root meaning "to lift, bear." Gill: "one that is lifted up above others in honour, power, and authority, or that bears the weight of government." BSB's "leader" is right; the Hebrew names both the elevation and the burden.
אֱלֹהָ֜יו ’ĕ·lō·hāw (H430), "his God" — a phrase added here and nowhere else in the four cases. Gill: "to show, that though he is above others, God is above him, and he is accountable to him." The higher the man, the nearer his Judge.
וְאָשֵֽׁם wə·’ā·šêm (H816), "and he incurs guilt" — or, per Ellicott, "and acknowledges his guilt." The verb can carry both the becoming-guilty and the owning of it; the ruler's case turns on his coming to know and confess.

When he becomes aware of the sin he has committed, he must bring an unblemished male goat as his offering.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

’ōw- hō·w·ḏa‘ ’ê·lāw ḥaṭ·ṭā·ṯōw ’ă·šer ḥā·ṭā bāh wə·hê·ḇî ’eṯ- tā·mîm śə·‘îr ‘iz·zîm zā·ḵār qā·rə·bā·nōw

Word by word14 · parsed

אֽוֹ־’ōw-H176

√ ʼôw — desire (and so probably in Proverbs 31:4)Conjunction

הוֹדַ֤עhō·w·ḏa‘When he becomes awareH3045

√ yâdaʻ — to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing)VerbHofalPerfectthird person masculine singular

hō·w·ḏa‘ ’ê·lāw, "it is made known to him" — the recurring trigger (vv. 14, 23, 28). The Levitical sequence is fixed: hidden sin, then knowledge, then offering.

אֵלָיו֙’ê·lāw. . .H413

√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPrepositionthird person masculine singular

חַטָּאת֔וֹḥaṭ·ṭā·ṯōwof the sinH2403

√ chaṭṭâʼâh — an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiationNounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular

אֲשֶׁ֥ר’ă·šerH834

√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative

חָטָ֖אḥā·ṭāhe has committedH2398

√ châṭâʼ — properly, to missVerbQalPerfectthird person masculine singular

בָּ֑הּbāh

Prepositionthird person feminine singular

וְהֵבִ֧יאwə·hê·ḇîhe must bringH935

√ bôwʼ — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)Conjunctive wawVerbHifilConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

אֶת־’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker

תָּמִֽים׃tā·mîman unblemishedH8549

√ tâmîym — entire (literally, figuratively or morally)Adjectivemasculine singular

שְׂעִ֥ירśə·‘îrmale goatH8163

√ sâʻîyr — shaggyNounmasculine singular construct

śə·‘îr ‘iz·zîm zā·ḵār, "a male he-goat" — the Verifier ties vv. 23 and 28 by the goat-vocabulary (‘êz, qorbân, tâmîym); the contrast male/female (v. 28) is the whole difference between ruler and commoner.

עִזִּ֖ים‘iz·zîm. . .H5795

√ ʻêz — a she-goat (as strong), but masculine in plural (which also is used elliptically for goat's hair)Nounfeminine plural

זָכָ֥רzā·ḵār. . .H2145

√ zâkâr — properly, remembered, iNounmasculine singular

קָרְבָּנ֛וֹqā·rə·bā·nōwas his offeringH7133

√ qorbân — something brought near the altar, iNounmasculine singular constructthird person masculine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

or if his-sin is-made-known to-him — that which he-sinned in-it — then-he-shall-bring his-offering: a-he-goat-of-the-goats, a-male, unblemished.

Where the English smooths the original

הוֹדַ֤ע hō·w·ḏa‘ ’ê·lāw (H3045, Hophal), "is made known to him" — the passive: the sin is shown to him, by conscience or by another. Ellicott: "if on his failing to see it himself, his sin is shown to him by another person." Atonement waits on disclosure.
שְׂעִ֥יר śə·‘îr ‘iz·zîm (H8163), a "shaggy / hairy one of the goats" — a male he-goat. Cambridge: "the rendering of A.V. 'kid of the goats' is misleading"; it is the buck, costlier than the commoner's female. Ellicott distinguishes it from the younger athud.
זָכָ֥ר zā·ḵār (H2145), "a male" — explicitly required of the ruler, where the commoner (v. 28) brings a female. Benson: "a male was required" because "the sin of one of those was less than the sin of the ruler." Rank scales the sacrifice.

He is to lay his hand on the head of the goat and slaughter it at the place where the burnt offering is slaughtered before the LORD. It is a sin offering.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wə·sā·maḵ yā·ḏōw ‘al- rōš haś·śā·‘îr wə·šā·ḥaṭ ’ō·ṯōw bim·qō·wm ’ă·šer- hā·‘ō·lāh yiš·ḥaṭ ’eṯ- lip̄·nê Yah·weh hū ḥaṭ·ṭāṯ

Word by word16 · parsed

וְסָמַ֤ךְwə·sā·maḵHe is to layH5564

√ çâmak — to prop (literally or figuratively)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

wə·sā·maḵ — the ruler lays his own hand. Where the nation acted through elders, the prince acts in person; the rite scales to the singularity of his office.

יָדוֹ֙yā·ḏōwhis handH3027

√ yâd — a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etcNounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular

bim·qōwm ’ă·šer yiš·ḥaṭ hā·‘ō·lāh, "the place where they slaughter the burnt-offering" — the north of the altar. Location itself classifies: sin-offering and burnt-offering share a killing-place, set apart from the peace-offering.

עַל־‘al-onH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

רֹ֣אשׁrōšthe headH7218

√ rôʼsh — the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itcNounmasculine singular construct

הַשָּׂעִ֔ירhaś·śā·‘îrof the goatH8163

√ sâʻîyr — shaggyArticleNounmasculine singular

וְשָׁחַ֣טwə·šā·ḥaṭand slaughterH7819

√ shâchaṭ — to slaughter (in sacrifice or massacre)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

אֹת֔וֹ’ō·ṯōwH853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object markerthird person masculine singular

בִּמְק֛וֹםbim·qō·wmit at the placeH4725

√ mâqôwm — properly, a standing, iPreposition-bNounmasculine singular construct

אֲשֶׁר־’ă·šer-whereH834

√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative

הָעֹלָ֖הhā·‘ō·lāhthe burnt offeringH5930

√ ʻôlâh — a step or (collectively, stairs, as ascending)ArticleNounfeminine singular

יִשְׁחַ֥טyiš·ḥaṭis slaughteredH7819

√ shâchaṭ — to slaughter (in sacrifice or massacre)VerbQalImperfectthird person masculine singular

אֶת־’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker

לִפְנֵ֣יlip̄·nêbeforeH6440

√ pânîym — the face (as the part that turns)Preposition-lNouncommon plural construct

יְהוָ֑הYah·wehthe LORDH3068

√ Yᵉhôvâh — Jehovah, Jewish national name of GodNounpropermasculine singular

הֽוּא׃hūItH1931

√ hûwʼ — he (she or it)Pronounthird person masculine singular

חַטָּ֖אתḥaṭ·ṭāṯis a sin offeringH2403

√ chaṭṭâʼâh — an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiationNounfeminine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And-he-shall-lean his-hand on the-head-of the-goat, and-he-shall-slaughter it in the-place where they-slaughter the-burnt-offering before YHWH; it-is a-sin-offering.

Where the English smooths the original

וְסָמַ֤ךְ wə·sā·maḵ yā·ḏōw (H5564), "and he shall lean his hand" — now the ruler himself, in person, performs the gesture the congregation did by proxy (v. 15). The leader bears his own guilt onto the head with his own hand.
וְשָׁחַ֣ט wə·šā·ḥaṭ (H7819), "and he shall slaughter" — "in the place where they kill the burnt offering," i.e. the north side of the altar (Leviticus 1:11). Poole: "It is a sin-offering, and therefore to be killed where the burnt-offering is killed... whereby it is distinguished from the peace-offerings."
חַטָּ֖את ḥaṭ·ṭāṯ hū (H2403), "it is a sin-offering" — the verse's closing verdict. Gill: "so Christ our offering is said to be, 2 Corinthians 5:21" — "made sin for us." The animal is named for the burden it carries.

Then the priest is to take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger, put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and pour out the rest of the blood at the base of the altar.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

hak·kō·hên wə·lā·qaḥ mid·dam ha·ḥaṭ·ṭāṯ bə·’eṣ·bā·‘ōw wə·nā·ṯan ‘al- qar·nōṯ miz·baḥ hā·‘ō·lāh wə·’eṯ- yiš·pōḵ dā·mōw ’el- yə·sō·wḏ miz·baḥ hā·‘ō·lāh

Word by word17 · parsed

הַכֹּהֵ֜ןhak·kō·hênThen the priestH3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

וְלָקַ֨חwə·lā·qaḥis to takeH3947

√ lâqach — to take (in the widest variety of applications)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

bə·’eṣ·bā·‘ōw, "with his finger" — the finger that for priest and people sprinkled sevenfold before the veil now only touches the outer horns. JFB reads the contrast as a measure of how far the sin's taint reaches into the sanctuary.

מִדַּ֤םmid·damsome of the bloodH1818

√ dâm — blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animalPreposition-mNounmasculine singular construct

הַֽחַטָּאת֙ha·ḥaṭ·ṭāṯof the sin offeringH2403

√ chaṭṭâʼâh — an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiationArticleNounfeminine singular

בְּאֶצְבָּע֔וֹbə·’eṣ·bā·‘ōwwith his fingerH676

√ ʼetsbaʻ — something to sieze with, iPreposition-bNounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular

וְנָתַ֕ןwə·nā·ṯanput itH5414

√ nâthan — to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etcConjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

miz·baḥ hā·‘ō·lāh, "the altar of burnt-offering" — the court altar. The whole difference between this rite and the priest's (vv. 5-7) is that the ruler's blood never enters the holy place: a lighter sin, a nearer altar.

עַל־‘al-onH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

קַרְנֹ֖תqar·nōṯthe hornsH7161

√ qeren — a horn (as projecting)Nounfeminine plural construct

מִזְבַּ֣חmiz·baḥof the altarH4196

√ mizbêach — an altarNounmasculine singular construct

הָעֹלָ֑הhā·‘ō·lāhof burnt offeringH5930

√ ʻôlâh — a step or (collectively, stairs, as ascending)ArticleNounfeminine singular

וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-andH853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker

יִשְׁפֹּ֔ךְyiš·pōḵpour outH8210

√ shâphak — to spill forth (blood, a libation, liquid metalVerbQalImperfectthird person masculine singular

דָּמ֣וֹdā·mōwthe rest of the bloodH1818

√ dâm — blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animalNounmasculine singular constructthird person masculine singular

אֶל־’el-atH413

√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition

יְס֖וֹדyə·sō·wḏthe baseH3247

√ yᵉçôwd — a foundation (literally or figuratively)Nounmasculine singular construct

מִזְבַּ֥חmiz·baḥof the altarH4196

√ mizbêach — an altarNounmasculine singular construct

הָעֹלָֽה׃hā·‘ō·lāhH5930

√ ʻôlâh — a step or (collectively, stairs, as ascending)ArticleNounfeminine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And-the-priest shall-take from the-blood-of the-sin-offering with-his-finger, and-he-shall-put it on the-horns-of the-altar-of the-burnt-offering, and its-blood he-shall-pour-out at the-base-of the-altar-of the-burnt-offering.

Where the English smooths the original

מִזְבַּ֣ח miz·baḥ hā·‘ō·lāh (H4196), "the altar of burnt-offering" — the bronze altar in the court, not the inner incense altar of the priest and congregation (vv. 7, 18). Ellicott: "on the brazen altar which was placed outside in the court." The ruler's lesser sin draws the blood only to the outer altar.
בְּאֶצְבָּע֔וֹ bə·’eṣ·bā·‘ōw (H676), "with his finger" — but no sevenfold sprinkling toward the veil. Jamieson, Fausset & Brown: "neither was the blood carried into the sanctuary, but applied only to the altar of burnt offering." The geography of the blood marks the gravity of the sinner.

He must burn all its fat on the altar, like the fat of the peace offerings; thus the priest will make atonement for that man’s sin, and he will be forgiven.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wə·’eṯ- yaq·ṭîr kāl- ḥel·bōw ham·miz·bê·ḥāh kə·ḥê·leḇ ze·ḇaḥ haš·šə·lā·mîm hak·kō·hên wə·ḵip·per ‘ā·lāw mê·ḥaṭ·ṭā·ṯōw wə·nis·laḥ lōw

Word by word14 · parsed

וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker

יַקְטִ֣ירyaq·ṭîrHe must burnH6999

√ qâṭar — to smoke, iVerbHifilImperfectthird person masculine singular

כָּל־kāl-allH3605

√ kôl — properly, the wholeNounmasculine singular construct

חֶלְבּוֹ֙ḥel·bōwits fatH2459

√ cheleb — fat, whether literally or figurativelyNounmasculine singular constructthird person masculine singular

הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חָהham·miz·bê·ḥāhon the altarH4196

√ mizbêach — an altarArticleNounmasculine singularthird person feminine singular

כְּחֵ֖לֶבkə·ḥê·leḇlike the fatH2459

√ cheleb — fat, whether literally or figurativelyPreposition-kNounmasculine singular construct

haš·šə·lā·mîm, "peace-offerings" — the recurring analogy. Atonement is not grim destruction alone; its choicest part rises like the fellowship-meal's, fat into fragrant smoke.

זֶ֣בַחze·ḇaḥvvvH2077

√ zebach — properly, a slaughter, iNounmasculine singular construct

הַשְּׁלָמִ֑יםhaš·šə·lā·mîmof the peace offeringsH8002

√ shelem — properly, requital, iArticleNounmasculine plural

הַכֹּהֵ֛ןhak·kō·hênthus the priestH3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

wə·ḵip·per ... wə·nis·laḥ — "make atonement... be forgiven," the refrain of vv. 20, 31, 35. The Verifier confirms kâphar and sâlach as the shared lexemes binding the four pardons.

וְכִפֶּ֨רwə·ḵip·perwill make atonementH3722

√ kâphar — to cover (specifically with bitumen)Conjunctive wawVerbPielConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

עָלָ֧יו‘ā·lāwforH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPrepositionthird person masculine singular

מֵחַטָּאת֖וֹmê·ḥaṭ·ṭā·ṯōwthat man’s sinH2403

√ chaṭṭâʼâh — an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiationPreposition-mNounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular

וְנִסְלַ֥חwə·nis·laḥand he will be forgivenH5545

√ çâlach — to forgiveConjunctive wawVerbNifalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

לֽוֹ׃פlōw

Prepositionthird person masculine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And all its-fat he-shall-make-smoke on the-altar, like the-fat-of the-sacrifice-of the-peace-offerings; and-the-priest shall-make-atonement for-him from his-sin, and-it-shall-be-forgiven for-him.

Where the English smooths the original

וְכִפֶּ֨ר wə·ḵip·per (H3722, kâphar), "and he shall make atonement" — the covering verb returns, now for the ruler. Gill reads it "in a typical way, directing to the great sacrifice of Christ, which is the only real atonement and propitiation for sin."
וְנִסְלַ֥ח wə·nis·laḥ lōw (H5545, sâlach), "and it shall be forgiven him" — Benson: "Both judicially, as to all ecclesiastical censures or civil punishment; and really, upon condition of repentance and faith in the Messiah to come." The Levitical pardon points beyond itself.
הַשְּׁלָמִ֑ים haš·šə·lā·mîm (H8002), "the peace-offerings" — the fat is burned "like the fat of the peace offerings," once again binding the offering for sin to the offering of fellowship by the handling of the fat.

The Voices✦ 4 public domain

Matthew HenryConcise Commentary on the Whole Bible1706

the greatest are not above, the meanest are not below Divine justice. None, if offenders, were overlooked. Here rich and poor meet together; they are alike sinners, and welcome to Christ.

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Albert BarnesNotes on the Bible1834

It was the ordinary designation of the people, as distinguished from the priests and the rulers.

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John GillExposition of the Entire Bible1746–63

all sorts of persons, of all ranks and degrees, high and low, rich and poor, men in office, civil or ecclesiastical, or in whatsoever state of life, are liable to sin

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The Pulpit CommentarySpence & Exell, eds.1880s

The case of a common man. He is to offer a kid of the goats, or rather a she-goat. The ritual is to be the same as in the previous case.

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And if one of the common people sins unintentionally and does what is prohibited by any of the LORD’s commandments, he incurs guilt.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wə·’im- ne·p̄eš ’a·ḥaṯ hā·’ā·reṣ mê·‘am te·ḥĕ·ṭā ḇiš·ḡā·ḡāh ’ă·šer lō- ṯê·‘ā·śe·nāh ba·‘ă·śō·ṯāh ’a·ḥaṯ Yah·weh mim·miṣ·wōṯ wə·’ā·šêm

Word by word15 · parsed

וְאִם־wə·’im-And ifH518

√ ʼim — used very widely as demonstrative, lo!Conjunction

נֶ֧פֶשׁne·p̄ešoneH5315

√ nephesh — properly, a breathing creature, iNounfeminine singular construct

ne·p̄eš — "a soul," the same opening word as v. 2. The chapter's frame closes: Matthew Henry: "Here rich and poor meet together; they are alike sinners, and welcome to Christ."

אַחַ֛ת’a·ḥaṯ. . .H259

√ ʼechâd — properly, united, iNumberfeminine singular

הָאָ֑רֶץhā·’ā·reṣof the commonH776

√ ʼerets — the earth (at large, or partitively a land)ArticleNounfeminine singular

mê·‘am hā·’ā·reṣ, "of the people of the land" — the common Israelite, whether "a common priest, or Levite, or Israelite" (Gill). The law leaves no rank uncovered.

מֵעַ֣םmê·‘ampeopleH5971

√ ʻam — a people (as a congregated unit)Preposition-mNounmasculine singular construct

תֶּחֱטָ֥אte·ḥĕ·ṭāsinsH2398

√ châṭâʼ — properly, to missVerbQalImperfectthird person feminine singular

בִשְׁגָגָ֖הḇiš·ḡā·ḡāhunintentionallyH7684

√ shᵉgâgâh — a mistake or inadvertent transgressionPreposition-bNounfeminine singular

אֲשֶׁ֥ר’ă·šerand does whatH834

√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative

לֹא־lō-is prohibitedH3808

√ lôʼ — not (the simple or absAdverbNegative particle

תֵעָשֶׂ֖ינָהṯê·‘ā·śe·nāh. . .H6213

√ ʻâsâh — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest applicationVerbNifalImperfectthird person feminine plural

בַּ֠עֲשֹׂתָהּba·‘ă·śō·ṯāhH6213

√ ʻâsâh — to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest applicationPreposition-bVerbQalInfinitive constructthird person feminine singular

אַחַ֨ת’a·ḥaṯby anyH259

√ ʼechâd — properly, united, iNumberfeminine singular

יְהוָ֛הYah·wehof the LORD’sH3068

√ Yᵉhôvâh — Jehovah, Jewish national name of GodNounpropermasculine singular

מִמִּצְוֺ֧תmim·miṣ·wōṯcommandmentsH4687

√ mitsvâh — a command, whether human or divine (collectively, the Law)Preposition-mNounfeminine plural construct

וְאָשֵֽׁם׃wə·’ā·šêmhe incurs guiltH816

√ ʼâsham — to be guiltyConjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And-if any-one soul from the-people-of-the-land sins in-error, in-his-doing one from-the-commandments-of YHWH that-are-not to-be-done, and-he-incurs-guilt —

Where the English smooths the original

מֵעַ֣ם mê·‘am hā·’ā·reṣ (H5971 + H776), literally "of the people of the land" — the ordinary Israelite. Barnes: "It was the ordinary designation of the people, as distinguished from the priests and the rulers." The fourth and humblest class, named with the same dignity of "a soul."
נֶ֡פֶשׁ ne·p̄eš (H5315), "a soul" — the same word that opened the chapter at v. 2. The law that began with "if a soul sins" returns to the single soul: from high priest down to the common person, the same word, the same offering of forgiveness.
בִשְׁגָגָ֑ה ḇiš·ḡā·ḡāh (H7684), "in error" — the chapter's governing condition, repeated a fourth time. Matthew Henry warns that the plea of ignorance "will not bring us off, if we have no interest in that great plea, Christ hath died."

When he becomes aware of the sin he has committed, he must bring an unblemished female goat as his offering for that sin.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

’ōw hō·w·ḏa‘ ’ê·lāw ḥaṭ·ṭā·ṯōw ’ă·šer ḥā·ṭā wə·hê·ḇî tə·mî·māh nə·qê·ḇāh śə·‘î·raṯ ‘iz·zîm qā·rə·bā·nōw ‘al- ḥaṭ·ṭā·ṯōw ’ă·šer ḥā·ṭā

Word by word16 · parsed

א֚וֹ’ōwH176

√ ʼôw — desire (and so probably in Proverbs 31:4)Conjunction

הוֹדַ֣עhō·w·ḏa‘When he becomes awareH3045

√ yâdaʻ — to know (properly, to ascertain by seeing)VerbHofalPerfectthird person masculine singular

אֵלָ֔יו’ê·lāw. . .H413

√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPrepositionthird person masculine singular

חַטָּאת֖וֹḥaṭ·ṭā·ṯōwof the sinH2403

√ chaṭṭâʼâh — an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiationNounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular

אֲשֶׁ֣ר’ă·šerH834

√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative

חָטָ֑אḥā·ṭāhe has committedH2398

√ châṭâʼ — properly, to missVerbQalPerfectthird person masculine singular

וְהֵבִ֨יאwə·hê·ḇîhe must bringH935

√ bôwʼ — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)Conjunctive wawVerbHifilConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

תְּמִימָ֣הtə·mî·māhan unblemishedH8549

√ tâmîym — entire (literally, figuratively or morally)Adjectivefeminine singular

נְקֵבָ֔הnə·qê·ḇāhfemaleH5347

√ nᵉqêbâh — female (from the sexual form)Nounfeminine singular

nə·qê·ḇāh, "a female" — the marker of the commoner's offering. Benson: "Which here was sufficient, because the sin of one of those was less than the sin of the ruler, for whom a male was required."

שְׂעִירַ֤תśə·‘î·raṯgoatH8166

√ sᵉʻîyrâh — a she-goatNounfeminine singular construct

śə·‘î·raṯ ‘iz·zîm, "a she-goat" — the Verifier links this verse to v. 23 by the goat-vocabulary; the inflected feminine is the legal hinge.

עִזִּים֙‘iz·zîm. . .H5795

√ ʻêz — a she-goat (as strong), but masculine in plural (which also is used elliptically for goat's hair)Nounfeminine plural

קָרְבָּנ֜וֹqā·rə·bā·nōwas his offeringH7133

√ qorbân — something brought near the altar, iNounmasculine singular constructthird person masculine singular

עַל־‘al-forH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

חַטָּאת֖וֹḥaṭ·ṭā·ṯōwthat sinH2403

√ chaṭṭâʼâh — an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiationNounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular

אֲשֶׁ֥ר’ă·šer. . .H834

√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative

חָטָֽא׃ḥā·ṭā. . .H2398

√ châṭâʼ — properly, to missVerbQalPerfectthird person masculine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

or if his-sin is-made-known to-him — that which he-sinned — then-he-shall-bring his-offering: a-she-goat-of-the-goats, unblemished, a-female, for his-sin that he-sinned.

Where the English smooths the original

נְקֵבָ֔ה nə·qê·ḇāh (H5347), "a female" — explicitly required, against the ruler's male (v. 23). Ellicott: "The female was of less value than the male, and was therefore more suitable to the circumstances of the ordinary people." Grace scaled to ability, not a lesser pardon.
שְׂעִירַ֤ת śə·‘î·raṯ ‘iz·zîm (H8166) — the feminine form of v. 23's śə·‘îr, "a shaggy she-goat." Barnes: "A shaggy she-goat." The grammatical gender shift is the whole legal difference between the cases.
חַטָּאת֖וֹ ḥaṭ·ṭā·ṯōw (H2403), "his sin" — repeated three times in this short verse (his sin made known, for his sin, the sin he sinned). The drumbeat fixes the personal, particular nature of the offense the offering answers.

He is to lay his hand on the head of the sin offering and slaughter it at the place of the burnt offering.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wə·sā·maḵ ’eṯ- yā·ḏōw ‘al rōš ha·ḥaṭ·ṭāṯ wə·šā·ḥaṭ ’eṯ- ha·ḥaṭ·ṭāṯ bim·qō·wm hā·‘ō·lāh

Word by word11 · parsed

וְסָמַךְ֙wə·sā·maḵHe is to layH5564

√ çâmak — to prop (literally or figuratively)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

wə·sā·maḵ — the leaning of the hand, performed by the commoner himself. The same transfer-gesture runs from high priest (v. 4) to the people of the land: every sinner identifies himself with his offering.

אֶת־’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker

יָד֔וֹyā·ḏōwhis handH3027

√ yâd — a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etcNounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular

עַ֖ל‘alonH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

The killing-place is again "the place of the burnt-offering" (north of the altar). The commoner's rite copies the ruler's exactly; only the victim's sex and the absence of inner-sanctuary blood differ.

רֹ֣אשׁrōšthe headH7218

√ rôʼsh — the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itcNounmasculine singular construct

הַֽחַטָּ֑אתha·ḥaṭ·ṭāṯof the sin offeringH2403

√ chaṭṭâʼâh — an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiationArticleNounfeminine singular

וְשָׁחַט֙wə·šā·ḥaṭand slaughterH7819

√ shâchaṭ — to slaughter (in sacrifice or massacre)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

אֶת־’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker

הַ֣חַטָּ֔אתha·ḥaṭ·ṭāṯitH2403

√ chaṭṭâʼâh — an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiationArticleNounfeminine singular

בִּמְק֖וֹםbim·qō·wmat the placeH4725

√ mâqôwm — properly, a standing, iPreposition-bNounmasculine singular construct

הָעֹלָֽה׃hā·‘ō·lāhof the burnt offeringH5930

√ ʻôlâh — a step or (collectively, stairs, as ascending)ArticleNounfeminine singular

Then the priest is to take some of its blood with his finger, put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and pour out the rest of the blood at the base of the altar.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

hak·kō·hên wə·lā·qaḥ mid·dā·māh bə·’eṣ·bā·‘ōw wə·nā·ṯan ‘al- qar·nōṯ miz·baḥ hā·‘ō·lāh wə·’eṯ- yiš·pōḵ kāl- dā·māh ’el- yə·sō·wḏ ham·miz·bê·aḥ

Word by word16 · parsed

הַכֹּהֵ֤ןhak·kō·hênThen the priestH3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

וְלָקַ֨חwə·lā·qaḥis to takeH3947

√ lâqach — to take (in the widest variety of applications)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

bə·’eṣ·bā·‘ōw, "with his finger" — the finger applies the atoning blood to the horns. The horns, the altar's highest points, receive the touch; the rest sinks at the base.

מִדָּמָהּ֙mid·dā·māhsome of its bloodH1818

√ dâm — blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animalPreposition-mNounmasculine singular constructthird person feminine singular

בְּאֶצְבָּע֔וֹbə·’eṣ·bā·‘ōwwith his fingerH676

√ ʼetsbaʻ — something to sieze with, iPreposition-bNounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular

וְנָתַ֕ןwə·nā·ṯanput itH5414

√ nâthan — to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etcConjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

עַל־‘al-onH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

miz·baḥ hā·‘ō·lāh — the court altar. The commoner's blood-rite is identical to the ruler's (v. 25), confirming the law's tiered geography: inner altar for priest and people, outer altar for ruler and commoner.

קַרְנֹ֖תqar·nōṯthe hornsH7161

√ qeren — a horn (as projecting)Nounfeminine plural construct

מִזְבַּ֣חmiz·baḥof the altarH4196

√ mizbêach — an altarNounmasculine singular construct

הָעֹלָ֑הhā·‘ō·lāhof burnt offeringH5930

√ ʻôlâh — a step or (collectively, stairs, as ascending)ArticleNounfeminine singular

וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-andH853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker

יִשְׁפֹּ֔ךְyiš·pōḵpour outH8210

√ shâphak — to spill forth (blood, a libation, liquid metalVerbQalImperfectthird person masculine singular

כָּל־kāl-the restH3605

√ kôl — properly, the wholeNounmasculine singular construct

דָּמָ֣הּdā·māhof the bloodH1818

√ dâm — blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animalNounmasculine singular constructthird person feminine singular

אֶל־’el-atH413

√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition

יְס֖וֹדyə·sō·wḏthe baseH3247

√ yᵉçôwd — a foundation (literally or figuratively)Nounmasculine singular construct

הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ham·miz·bê·aḥof the altarH4196

√ mizbêach — an altarArticleNounmasculine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And-the-priest shall-take from its-blood with-his-finger, and-he-shall-put it on the-horns-of the-altar-of the-burnt-offering; and all its-blood he-shall-pour-out at the-base-of the-altar.

Where the English smooths the original

מִזְבַּ֣ח miz·baḥ hā·‘ō·lāh (H4196), "the altar of burnt-offering" — once more the outer court altar, as with the ruler (v. 25). Jamieson, Fausset & Brown: for ruler and commoner alike "the blood of the sin offering was applied to the altar of burnt offering," never carried within.
בְּאֶצְבָּע֔וֹ bə·’eṣ·bā·‘ōw (H676), "with his finger" — the simple single application, no sevenfold sprinkling. The humblest sinner's atonement is no less real for being administered at the outer altar; only the priest's and nation's sin reached the veil.

Then he is to remove all the fat, just as it is removed from the peace offering, and the priest is to burn it on the altar as a pleasing aroma to the LORD. In this way the priest will make atonement for him, and he will be forgiven.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wə·’eṯ- yā·sîr kāl- ḥel·bāh ka·’ă·šer ḥê·leḇ hū·sar mê·‘al ze·ḇaḥ haš·šə·lā·mîm hak·kō·hên wə·hiq·ṭîr ham·miz·bê·ḥāh nî·ḥō·aḥ lə·rê·aḥ Yah·weh hak·kō·hên wə·ḵip·per ‘ā·lāw wə·nis·laḥ lōw

Word by word21 · parsed

וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-ThenH853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker

יָסִ֗ירyā·sîrhe is to removeH5493

√ çûwr — to turn off (literal or figurative)VerbHifilImperfectthird person masculine singular

כָּל־kāl-allH3605

√ kôl — properly, the wholeNounmasculine singular construct

חֶלְבָּ֣הּḥel·bāhthe fatH2459

√ cheleb — fat, whether literally or figurativelyNounmasculine singular constructthird person feminine singular

כַּאֲשֶׁ֨רka·’ă·šerjust asH834

√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPreposition-kPronounrelative

חֵלֶב֮ḥê·leḇ[it]H2459

√ cheleb — fat, whether literally or figurativelyNounmasculine singular

הוּסַ֣רhū·saris removedH5493

√ çûwr — to turn off (literal or figurative)VerbHofalPerfectthird person masculine singular

מֵעַ֣לmê·‘alfromH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition-m

זֶ֣בַחze·ḇaḥvvvH2077

√ zebach — properly, a slaughter, iNounmasculine singular construct

rê·aḥ nî·ḥō·aḥ, "a pleasing aroma" (H5207) — Cambridge: "This expression occurs only here in connexion with Sin-Offerings." Some read it, with Ellicott, as a deliberate grace toward the least costly offering of the least exalted person.

הַשְּׁלָמִים֒haš·šə·lā·mîmthe peace offeringH8002

√ shelem — properly, requital, iArticleNounmasculine plural

הַכֹּהֵן֙hak·kō·hênand the priestH3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

וְהִקְטִ֤ירwə·hiq·ṭîris to burnH6999

√ qâṭar — to smoke, iConjunctive wawVerbHifilConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חָהham·miz·bê·ḥāhit on the altarH4196

√ mizbêach — an altarArticleNounmasculine singularthird person feminine singular

נִיחֹ֖חַnî·ḥō·aḥas a pleasingH5207

√ nîychôwach — properly, restful, iNounmasculine singular

לְרֵ֥יחַlə·rê·aḥaromaH7381

√ rêyach — odor (as if blown)Preposition-lNounmasculine singular construct

לַיהוָ֑הYah·wehto the LORDH3068

√ Yᵉhôvâh — Jehovah, Jewish national name of GodPreposition-lNounpropermasculine singular

הַכֹּהֵ֖ןhak·kō·hênIn this way the priestH3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

וְכִפֶּ֥רwə·ḵip·perwill make atonementH3722

√ kâphar — to cover (specifically with bitumen)Conjunctive wawVerbPielConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

עָלָ֛יו‘ā·lāwfor himH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPrepositionthird person masculine singular

wə·ḵip·per ... wə·nis·laḥ — atonement and forgiveness, the unit's settled formula. The Verifier confirms the shared kâphar/sâlach chain across vv. 20, 26, 31, 35.

וְנִסְלַ֥חwə·nis·laḥand he will be forgivenH5545

√ çâlach — to forgiveConjunctive wawVerbNifalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

לֽוֹ׃פlōw

Prepositionthird person masculine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And all its-fat he-shall-remove, just-as the-fat is-removed from-upon the-peace-offering, and-the-priest shall-make-it-smoke on the-altar for a-pleasing-aroma to YHWH; and-the-priest shall-make-atonement for-him, and-it-shall-be-forgiven for-him.

Where the English smooths the original

נִיחֹ֖חַ rê·aḥ nî·ḥō·aḥ (H5207), "a pleasing / soothing aroma" — added here uniquely among the sin-offerings. Ellicott: "this phrase... does not occur at the sin offering of the high priest, the congregation, or the prince... but is used at burnt offerings and peace offerings." The humblest sincere gift smells sweetest to God.
וְכִפֶּ֨ר wə·ḵip·per (H3722, kâphar), "and he shall make atonement" — the same covering verb as for ruler, congregation, and (climactically) the commoner. The chapter's pardon-refrain holds steady from prince to peasant.
וְנִסְלַ֥ח wə·nis·laḥ lōw (H5545, sâlach), "and it shall be forgiven him" — the Nifal passive whose unstated agent is always God. The smallest offering ends, like the greatest, in divine pardon.

If, however, he brings a lamb as a sin offering, he must bring an unblemished female.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wə·’im- yā·ḇî ke·ḇeś qā·rə·bā·nōw lə·ḥaṭ·ṭāṯ yə·ḇî·’en·nāh ṯə·mî·māh nə·qê·ḇāh

Word by word8 · parsed

וְאִם־wə·’im-If, howeverH518

√ ʼim — used very widely as demonstrative, lo!Conjunction

יָבִ֥יאyā·ḇîhe bringsH935

√ bôwʼ — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)VerbHifilImperfectthird person masculine singular

ke·ḇeś, "a lamb" — the alternative victim, treated separately (says Ellicott) "because of the fat tail, which had to be burned" (Leviticus 3:9). The choice of lamb or goat accommodates the worshipper's means.

כֶּ֛בֶשׂke·ḇeśa lambH3532

√ kebes — a ram (just old enough to butt)Nounmasculine singular

קָרְבָּנ֖וֹqā·rə·bā·nōwH7133

√ qorbân — something brought near the altar, iNounmasculine singular constructthird person masculine singular

לְחַטָּ֑אתlə·ḥaṭ·ṭāṯas a sin offeringH2403

√ chaṭṭâʼâh — an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiationPreposition-lNounfeminine singular

nə·qê·ḇāh tā·mîm, "a female without blemish" — the unblemished ewe-lamb. Gill hears in it the Lamb of God; the verse's restraint (no aroma, no atonement-clause yet) saves the full formula for v. 35.

יְבִיאֶֽנָּה׃yə·ḇî·’en·nāhhe must bringH935

√ bôwʼ — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)VerbHifilImperfectthird person masculine singularthird person feminine singular

תְמִימָ֖הṯə·mî·māhan unblemishedH8549

√ tâmîym — entire (literally, figuratively or morally)Adjectivefeminine singular

נְקֵבָ֥הnə·qê·ḇāhfemaleH5347

√ nᵉqêbâh — female (from the sexual form)Nounfeminine singular

And he is to lay his hand on the head of the sin offering and slaughter it as a sin offering at the place where the burnt offering is slaughtered.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wə·sā·maḵ ’eṯ- yā·ḏōw ‘al rōš ha·ḥaṭ·ṭāṯ wə·šā·ḥaṭ ’ō·ṯāh lə·ḥaṭ·ṭāṯ bim·qō·wm ’ă·šer hā·‘ō·lāh yiš·ḥaṭ ’eṯ-

Word by word14 · parsed

וְסָמַךְ֙wə·sā·maḵAnd he is to layH5564

√ çâmak — to prop (literally or figuratively)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

wə·sā·maḵ — the leaning, repeated for the lamb-offering as for the goat (v. 29). The whole rite is reiterated to make the lamb a fully sufficient substitute, not a lesser pardon.

אֶת־’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker

יָד֔וֹyā·ḏōwhis handH3027

√ yâd — a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etcNounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular

עַ֖ל‘alonH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

רֹ֣אשׁrōšthe headH7218

√ rôʼsh — the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itcNounmasculine singular construct

הַֽחַטָּ֑אתha·ḥaṭ·ṭāṯof the sin offeringH2403

√ chaṭṭâʼâh — an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiationArticleNounfeminine singular

lə·ḥaṭ·ṭāṯ, "for a sin-offering" — the killing must be intended as such. Intention sanctifies the act; the same blood, slaughtered for another purpose, would not atone.

וְשָׁחַ֤טwə·šā·ḥaṭand slaughterH7819

√ shâchaṭ — to slaughter (in sacrifice or massacre)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

אֹתָהּ֙’ō·ṯāhitH853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object markerthird person feminine singular

לְחַטָּ֔אתlə·ḥaṭ·ṭāṯas a sin offeringH2403

√ chaṭṭâʼâh — an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiationPreposition-lNounfeminine singular

בִּמְק֕וֹםbim·qō·wmat the placeH4725

√ mâqôwm — properly, a standing, iPreposition-bNounmasculine singular construct

אֲשֶׁ֥ר’ă·šerwhereH834

√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative

הָעֹלָֽה׃hā·‘ō·lāhthe burnt offeringH5930

√ ʻôlâh — a step or (collectively, stairs, as ascending)ArticleNounfeminine singular

יִשְׁחַ֖טyiš·ḥaṭis slaughteredH7819

√ shâchaṭ — to slaughter (in sacrifice or massacre)VerbQalImperfectthird person masculine singular

אֶת־’eṯ-H853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And-he-shall-lean his-hand on the-head-of the-sin-offering, and-he-shall-slaughter it for a-sin-offering in the-place where they-slaughter the-burnt-offering.

Where the English smooths the original

וְסָמַךְ֙ wə·sā·maḵ yā·ḏōw (H5564), "and he shall lean his hand" — the same identifying gesture, now over the lamb. Geneva: "that the punishment of his sin should be laid on the beast, or, that he had received all things from God, and offered this willingly."
וְשָׁחַ֤ט wə·šā·ḥaṭ (H7819), "and he shall slaughter it for a sin-offering" — the intention is part of the act. Gill: "for if it was not slain for a sin offering, but for something else... it was not right." The killing must be purposed as atonement to be valid.

Then the priest is to take some of the blood of the sin offering with his finger, put it on the horns of the altar of burnt offering, and pour out the rest of its blood at the base of the altar.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

hak·kō·hên wə·lā·qaḥ mid·dam ha·ḥaṭ·ṭāṯ bə·’eṣ·bā·‘ōw wə·nā·ṯan ‘al- qar·nōṯ miz·baḥ hā·‘ō·lāh wə·’eṯ- yiš·pōḵ kāl- dā·māh ’el- yə·sō·wḏ ham·miz·bê·aḥ

Word by word17 · parsed

הַכֹּהֵ֜ןhak·kō·hênThen the priestH3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

וְלָקַ֨חwə·lā·qaḥis to takeH3947

√ lâqach — to take (in the widest variety of applications)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

bə·’eṣ·bā·‘ōw, "with his finger" (implied from the parallel) — the single touch at the outer altar, the commoner's measure of access. The atoning blood reaches the horns; the rest returns to the ground.

מִדַּ֤םmid·damsome of the bloodH1818

√ dâm — blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animalPreposition-mNounmasculine singular construct

הַֽחַטָּאת֙ha·ḥaṭ·ṭāṯof the sin offeringH2403

√ chaṭṭâʼâh — an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiationArticleNounfeminine singular

בְּאֶצְבָּע֔וֹbə·’eṣ·bā·‘ōwwith his fingerH676

√ ʼetsbaʻ — something to sieze with, iPreposition-bNounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular

וְנָתַ֕ןwə·nā·ṯanput itH5414

√ nâthan — to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etcConjunctive wawVerbQalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

qar·nōṯ miz·baḥ hā·‘ō·lāh — "the horns of the altar of burnt-offering." The lamb's rite is verbatim with the goat's; Gill simply cross-references v. 25, the law economizing by repetition.

עַל־‘al-onH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

קַרְנֹ֖תqar·nōṯthe hornsH7161

√ qeren — a horn (as projecting)Nounfeminine plural construct

מִזְבַּ֣חmiz·baḥof the altarH4196

√ mizbêach — an altarNounmasculine singular construct

הָעֹלָ֑הhā·‘ō·lāhof burnt offeringH5930

√ ʻôlâh — a step or (collectively, stairs, as ascending)ArticleNounfeminine singular

וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-andH853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker

יִשְׁפֹּ֔ךְyiš·pōḵpour outH8210

√ shâphak — to spill forth (blood, a libation, liquid metalVerbQalImperfectthird person masculine singular

כָּל־kāl-the restH3605

√ kôl — properly, the wholeNounmasculine singular construct

דָּמָ֣הּdā·māhof its bloodH1818

√ dâm — blood (as that which when shed causes death) of man or an animalNounmasculine singular constructthird person feminine singular

אֶל־’el-atH413

√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition

יְס֖וֹדyə·sō·wḏthe baseH3247

√ yᵉçôwd — a foundation (literally or figuratively)Nounmasculine singular construct

הַמִּזְבֵּֽחַ׃ham·miz·bê·aḥof the altarH4196

√ mizbêach — an altarArticleNounmasculine singular

The Voices✦ 3 public domain

Jamieson, Fausset & BrownCommentary Critical and Explanatory1871

None of these sacrifices possessed any intrinsic value sufficient to free the conscience of the sinner from the pollution of guilt, or to obtain his pardon from God; but they gave a formal deliverance from a secular penalty (Heb 9:13, 14); and they were figurative representations of the full and perfect sin offering which was to be made by Christ.

source ↗

Charles EllicottCommentary for English Readers1878

The sinner who brought the sin offering could not partake of it. Hence the priest was not permitted to eat of the flesh of the sin offering which he offered for himself, or of the flesh of the congregational sin offering, because he was a member of the congregation.

source ↗

Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges—1880s

Either the portions are to be burnt upon the remains of sacrifices already offered, or in the same way as other fire-offerings.

On "upon the offerings."

source ↗

And he shall remove all the fat, just as the fat of the lamb is removed from the peace offerings, and he shall burn it on the altar along with the food offerings to the LORD. In this way the priest will make atonement for him for the sin he has committed, and he will be forgiven.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wə·’eṯ- yā·sîr kāl- ḥel·bāh ka·’ă·šer ḥê·leḇ- hak·ke·śeḇ yū·sar miz·ze·ḇaḥ haš·šə·lā·mîm hak·kō·hên ’ō·ṯām wə·hiq·ṭîr ham·miz·bê·ḥāh ‘al ’iš·šê Yah·weh hak·kō·hên wə·ḵip·per ‘ā·lāw ‘al- ḥaṭ·ṭā·ṯōw ’ă·šer- ḥā·ṭā wə·nis·laḥ lōw

Word by word26 · parsed

וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-AndH853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker

יָסִ֗ירyā·sîrhe shall removeH5493

√ çûwr — to turn off (literal or figurative)VerbHifilImperfectthird person masculine singular

כָּל־kāl-allH3605

√ kôl — properly, the wholeNounmasculine singular construct

חֶלְבָּ֣הḥel·bāhthe fatH2459

√ cheleb — fat, whether literally or figurativelyNounmasculine singular constructthird person feminine singular

כַּאֲשֶׁ֨רka·’ă·šerjust asH834

√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPreposition-kPronounrelative

חֵֽלֶב־ḥê·leḇ-the fatH2459

√ cheleb — fat, whether literally or figurativelyNounmasculine singular construct

הַכֶּשֶׂב֮hak·ke·śeḇof the lambH3775

√ keseb — a young sheepArticleNounmasculine singular

יוּסַ֥רyū·saris removedH5493

√ çûwr — to turn off (literal or figurative)VerbHofalImperfectthird person masculine singular

מִזֶּ֣בַחmiz·ze·ḇaḥvvvH2077

√ zebach — properly, a slaughter, iPreposition-mNounmasculine singular construct

הַשְּׁלָמִים֒haš·šə·lā·mîmfrom the peace offeringsH8002

√ shelem — properly, requital, iArticleNounmasculine plural

הַכֹּהֵ֤ןhak·kō·hênand [he]H3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

אֹתָם֙’ō·ṯāmH853

√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object markerthird person masculine plural

וְהִקְטִ֨ירwə·hiq·ṭîrshall burnH6999

√ qâṭar — to smoke, iConjunctive wawVerbHifilConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חָהham·miz·bê·ḥāhit on the altarH4196

√ mizbêach — an altarArticleNounmasculine singularthird person feminine singular

עַ֖ל‘alalong withH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

אִשֵּׁ֣י’iš·šêthe food offeringsH801

√ ʼishshâh — properly, a burnt-offeringNounmasculine plural construct

’iš·šê Yah·weh, "the fire-offerings of the LORD" (H801) — the fat is added "upon" the offerings already burning. Cambridge: "Either the portions are to be burnt upon the remains of sacrifices already offered, or in the same way as other fire-offerings."

יְהוָ֑הYah·wehto the LORDH3068

√ Yᵉhôvâh — Jehovah, Jewish national name of GodNounpropermasculine singular

הַכֹּהֵ֛ןhak·kō·hênIn this way the priestH3548

√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular

וְכִפֶּ֨רwə·ḵip·perwill make atonementH3722

√ kâphar — to cover (specifically with bitumen)Conjunctive wawVerbPielConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

wə·ḵip·per ... wə·nis·laḥ — "make atonement... be forgiven," the unit's closing refrain. The chapter ends, from high priest to common soul, on the one promise of pardon — which JFB reads as a figure of "the full and perfect sin offering... made by Christ."

עָלָ֧יו‘ā·lāwfor himH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPrepositionthird person masculine singular

עַל־‘al-forH5921

√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition

חַטָּאת֥וֹḥaṭ·ṭā·ṯōwthe sinH2403

√ chaṭṭâʼâh — an offence (sometimes habitual sinfulness), and its penalty, occasion, sacrifice, or expiationNounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular

אֲשֶׁר־’ă·šer-H834

√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative

חָטָ֖אḥā·ṭāhe has committedH2398

√ châṭâʼ — properly, to missVerbQalPerfectthird person masculine singular

וְנִסְלַ֥חwə·nis·laḥand he will be forgivenH5545

√ çâlach — to forgiveConjunctive wawVerbNifalConjunctive perfectthird person masculine singular

לֽוֹ׃פlōw

Prepositionthird person masculine singular

Literal — word-for-word from the original

And all its-fat he-shall-remove, just-as the-fat-of the-lamb is-removed from the-sacrifice-of the-peace-offerings, and-the-priest shall-make-them-smoke on the-altar upon the-fire-offerings of YHWH; and-the-priest shall-make-atonement for-him for his-sin that he-sinned, and-it-shall-be-forgiven for-him.

Where the English smooths the original

אִשֵּׁ֣י ’iš·šê Yah·weh (H801), "the fire-offerings of YHWH" — BSB's "food offerings." Ellicott reads ‘al as "upon": "As the daily morning sacrifice... continued burning on the altar all the forenoon... it was to be upon the fire sacrifices which had already been placed there." The commoner's fat ascends on the standing altar-fire.
וְכִפֶּ֨ר wə·ḵip·per (H3722, kâphar), "and he shall make atonement" — the chapter's final atonement, for the lowliest sinner. The full formula — atonement, the sin named, forgiveness — gathers here as the unit's last word, closing the whole law of the sin-offering.
וְנִסְלַ֥ח wə·nis·laḥ lōw (H5545, sâlach), "and it shall be forgiven him" — the last clause of the chapter. Jamieson, Fausset & Brown: these sacrifices "were figurative representations of the full and perfect sin offering which was to be made by Christ."

The verse-by-verse work is done. What follows gathers the whole unit. All three layers below are machine-generated (⚙). Weigh them; they have no authority.

⚙

Grand Commentary — the unit, read whole

synthesis · verify

AI synthesis — woven from the public-domain voices above and the original text; generated and fallible.

i. A new word, a new offering — 4:1–2

The chapter opens on a seam in the law: way·ḏab·bêr Yahweh, "and the LORD spoke" (v. 1). Keil & Delitzsch mark this as "the new introductory formula in Leviticus 4:1-2 , which is repeated in Leviticus 5:14" — a fresh class of sacrifice begins here. Benson dates it: "Here begin the laws of another day, which God delivered from between the cherubim." Where the burnt, grain, and peace offerings of chapters 1–3 were presented as already known and largely voluntary, Ellicott observes that now "the sin offering and the trespass offering are here introduced as a new injunction… no more the voluntary formula, 'If any man of you bring.'" The governing condition is bishgâgâh (H7684), sin "in error"; Keil insists this covers "all such sins as spring from the weakness of flesh and blood, as distinguished from sins committed with a high (elevated) hand." And the subject is nephesh — "a soul." Gill: "sin is from the soul, though committed by the body; it is the soul that sins."

ii. The anointed priest — and the bull outside the camp — 4:3–12

The law's first case is its highest man: ham·mā·šî·aḥ hak·kō·hên, "the anointed priest" (v. 3) — literally "the Messiah, the priest." That even he sins in error is, for Matthew Henry, decisive: "It is evident that God never had any infallible priest in his church upon earth, when even the high priest was liable to fall into sins of ignorance." Poole reads the very imperfection as a signpost — "a blot and character of imperfection in the priesthood of the law, whereby the Israelites were directed to expect another and better High Priest." His sin is corporate: Barnes corrects "according to the sin of the people" to "to bring guilt on the people… The whole nation is concerned in every transgression of its representative." The blood-rite intensifies: the priest dips (ṭâbal, H2881, a 16-verse rarity) his finger and sprinkles (nâzâh, H5137) seven times toward the veil. Keil: "in the number seven, as the stamp of the covenant, the covenant relation, which sin had loosened, might be restored." The fat ascends in smoke; but the body — hide, flesh, head, entrails, dung — is carried mi·ḥūṣ lam·ma·ḥă·neh, "outside the camp," and burned. Poole gives the third of his three readings plainly: "That Christ should suffer without the camp or gate, as he did. See Hebrews 13:11,12."

iii. The whole congregation — 4:13–21

What is true of the head is true of the body: Ellicott: "the whole Church, in its corporate body, is no more exempt from human frailty than its highest spiritual chief." The nation can stray (yiš·gū, the verb behind shᵉgâgâh) while "the matter is hidden" — Keil: "a sin which was not known to be such, an act which really violated a commandment of God, though it was not looked upon as sin." The Geneva margin refuses to let numbers excuse: "The multitude does not excuse the sin, but if all have sinned, they must all be punished." The congregation brings the same costly bull as the priest — Gill: it is "equal to all Israel" — and the elders lay hands by proxy for a people too many to touch the victim (Benson). The rite repeats the priest's word-for-word, down to the sevenfold sprinkling and the burning outside the camp, and ends for the first time on the chapter's great verbs: wə·ḵip·per, "he shall make atonement," and wə·nis·laḥ, "it shall be forgiven" (v. 20). Henry: "The saving of churches and kingdoms from ruin, is owing to the satisfaction and mediation of Christ."

iv. The ruler and the common soul — atonement scaled, never withheld — 4:22–35

The law descends through two further ranks. The nā·śî, "leader" (v. 22) — Gill: "one that is lifted up above others… or that bears the weight of government" — sins against "the LORD his God," a phrase, Gill notes, "not used neither of the anointed priest, nor of the congregation, nor of one of the common people; only of the prince, to show… God is above him, and he is accountable." His victim is a male he-goat; the common Israelite's (vv. 27–35) is a female goat or ewe-lamb, which Ellicott explains is "of less value… more suitable to the circumstances of the ordinary people." Their blood goes only to the outer altar of burnt-offering, not within (Jamieson, Fausset & Brown). Two things stand out. The grade of the victim falls with the sinner's means, yet the pardon does not: each case closes with the identical refrain, kâphar and sâlach (vv. 26, 31, 35) — a chain the Verifier confirms by shared lexeme. And to the least costly offering of the least exalted person, v. 31 adds rê·aḥ nî·ḥō·aḥ, "a pleasing aroma," found nowhere else among the sin-offerings; Ellicott suspects it is "designedly used… to indicate that the humblest gift of the humblest person, if sincerely offered, is as acceptable to God as the most costly offering of the most exalted in the land." Henry sums the whole chapter: "Here rich and poor meet together; they are alike sinners, and welcome to Christ."

Read under Sola Scriptura — this tool’s own fallible reading (⚙)

Read under Sola Scriptura, and offered as the tool's own fallible reading to be tested: the architecture of Leviticus 4 is a descending staircase of persons — anointed priest, whole congregation, ruler, common soul — built on one verb (châṭâʼ, "to miss the mark") under one condition (bishgâgâh, "in error"), and resolving into one promise (sâlach, "be forgiven"). Two gradients run in opposite directions, and their crossing is the chapter's theology. As the sinner's rank descends, the victim's value descends with it (bull, bull, he-goat, she-goat or lamb) and the blood's reach shrinks (inner veil and incense altar for priest and nation; outer altar only for ruler and commoner). But the forgiveness does not descend: the formula "the priest shall make atonement… and it shall be forgiven" lands with equal finality on the prince and the peasant — and it is the prince and peasant, not the priest, who receive it (the high priest's own bull, vv. 3–12, names no forgiveness, only the rite). The text quietly insists that atonement is calibrated to capacity but not rationed by it, and that the verb of pardon, nis·laḥ, is everywhere passive: the people bring, the priest applies, but only God forgives. The whole structure then leans on one clause it cannot itself fulfill — the body burned outside the camp (v. 12) — which the law states but does not explain, leaving the reader to ask what greater offering it shadows.

Atonement is scaled to what a sinner can carry, but never rationed by it — and the verb of pardon is always passive, because only God forgives. (A reader's line, not Scripture.)

⚙

Canonical Threads — out to the whole of Scripture

cross-refs · verify

AI-generated connections. Each carries a verification badge with a recorded basis; contested links are flagged.

The blood-rite repeated: priest and congregation, word for word verbal / quotation — confirmed

The sevenfold sprinkling toward the veil is not described once and assumed; it is written out twice — for the anointed priest (v. 6) and for the whole congregation (v. 17) — in nearly identical Hebrew, and again on the Day of Atonement (Leviticus 16:14). The Verifier returns rare shared lexemes (ṭâbal "to dip," 16 vv; nâzâh "to sprinkle," 22 vv; pôreketh "veil," 23 vv; ʼetsbaʻ "finger," 28 vv), so this is verbal repetition, not a generic motif. The law binds the head's atonement and the body's atonement by the same gesture, and binds both to the great Day.

Leviticus 4:6 · Leviticus 4:17 · Leviticus 16:14

basis: Verifier-confirmed rare shared lexemes Lev 4:6 ↔ Lev 4:17: H2881 ṭâbal (16 vv), H5137 nâzâh (22 vv), H6532 pôreketh (23 vv), H676 ʼetsbaʻ (28 vv); and Lev 4:6 ↔ Lev 16:14: H5137 nâzâh (22 vv), H676 ʼetsbaʻ (28 vv), H6471 paʻam (108 vv), H1818 dâm (295 vv) — the low-frequency dip/sprinkle/veil/finger cluster makes this verbal, not merely thematic.

The same bull for priest and people structural / thematic — confirmed

The costliest victim — par ben-bāqār, "a bull, son of the herd, without blemish" — is required of only two of the four classes: the anointed priest (v. 3) and the whole congregation (v. 14). Gill reads the congregation's bull as the priest's equal because the congregation is "equal to all Israel," and Leviticus 4:21 calls it simply "the former bullock." The shared vocabulary (par, bāqâr, châṭâʼ, chaṭṭâʼâh) is moderately to highly frequent, so the link is structural — the parallel grading of the two gravest cases — rather than a quotation.

Leviticus 4:3 · Leviticus 4:14

basis: Verifier basis: shared lexemes H6499 par (119 vv), H1241 bâqâr (172 vv), H2398 châṭâʼ (220 vv), H7126 qârab (260 vv), H2403 chaṭṭâʼâh (271 vv) — all moderate-to-high frequency, so structural/thematic (the parallel costliest-victim grading) rather than verbal.

Burned outside the camp (Hebrew Bible) structural / thematic — confirmed

The expulsion of the sin-offering's body "outside the camp" to be burned is shared by the priest's bull here (v. 12) and by the bull and goat of the Day of Atonement (Leviticus 16:27). The Verifier returns shared lexemes sâraph "to burn" (107 vv), par "bull" (119 vv), chûwts "outside" (158 vv), and machăneh "camp" (189 vv) — distinctive enough as a cluster to confirm a real structural tie, but high-frequency individually, so this is the shared motif of the sin-bearing body removed from the holy precinct, not a quotation.

Leviticus 4:12 · Leviticus 16:27

basis: Verifier basis: shared lexemes H8313 sâraph (107 vv), H6499 par (119 vv), H2351 chûwts (158 vv), H4264 machăneh (189 vv), H784 ʼêsh (346 vv), H3318 yâtsâʼ (991 vv) — the burned-outside-the-camp cluster is a confirmed shared pattern, but high-frequency, so structural/thematic, not verbal.

The blood on the horns, the rest at the base: the sin-offering rite and Aaron's consecration structural / thematic — confirmed

The priest's sin-offering disposes of the bull's blood in a fixed two-stage rite: some is put on the horns (qeren) of the altar, the rest poured out (shâphak) at the altar's base (yᵉçôwd) (v. 7). This is the same blood-disposal that inaugurated the priesthood itself: at Aaron's consecration, the sin-offering bull's blood is put on the horns and poured at the base (Exodus 29:12). The Verifier returns the rare cluster yᵉçôwd (19 vv), qeren (69 vv), shâphak (111 vv), and par (119 vv) — the low-frequency yᵉçôwd in particular (a term the Cambridge/Barnes notes flag as belonging almost exclusively to this disposal) makes the tie a confirmed shared ritual pattern. The rite that makes a priest and the rite that cleanses a priest's sin are written from the same blood-grammar.

Leviticus 4:7 · Exodus 29:12

basis: Verifier basis (Lev 4:7 ↔ Exod 29:12): shared lexemes H3247 yᵉçôwd (19 vv), H7161 qeren (69 vv), H8210 shâphak (111 vv), H6499 par (119 vv) — the rare yᵉçôwd/qeren blood-disposal cluster is a confirmed shared ritual pattern, but moderate-frequency overall (no single rare lexeme carries a quotation claim), so structural/thematic, not verbal.

The refrain of atonement and forgiveness structural / thematic — confirmed

Three of the four cases close on the same two verbs: kâphar ("make atonement / cover") and sâlach ("be forgiven") — the congregation (v. 20), the ruler (v. 26), the commoner (vv. 31, 35). Keil notes the formula "recurs with all the sin-offerings (with the exception of the one for the high priest)." The Verifier confirms the shared çâlach (45 vv) and kâphar (94 vv) — moderately distinctive verbs that make this a deliberate, recurring liturgical refrain binding the cases into one chain of pardon.

Leviticus 4:20 · Leviticus 4:26 · Leviticus 4:31 · Leviticus 4:35

basis: Verifier basis (Lev 4:20 ↔ 4:26): H5545 çâlach (45 vv), H3722 kâphar (94 vv), H2403 chaṭṭâʼâh (271 vv), H3548 kôhên (653 vv); and Lev 4:35 ↔ 4:31 adds H2459 cheleb (69 vv), H8002 shelem (84 vv) — the recurring çâlach/kâphar pardon-refrain is a confirmed shared formula, moderate frequency, so structural/thematic.

He-goat and she-goat: ruler and commoner structural / thematic — confirmed

The ruler brings a male he-goat (v. 23), the commoner the same animal in the feminine — a she-goat (v. 28). The Verifier ties the two verses by the goat-and-offering vocabulary: ʻêz "goat" (74 vv), qorbân "offering" (78 vv), tâmîym "unblemished" (85 vv), plus the shared sin-words. The grammatical gender is the legal hinge between the two ranks; the link is structural (the parallel ruler/commoner grading), the lexemes being moderate-frequency rather than rare.

Leviticus 4:23 · Leviticus 4:28

basis: Verifier basis: shared lexemes H5795 ʻêz (74 vv), H7133 qorbân (78 vv), H8549 tâmîym (85 vv), H176 ʼôw (218 vv), H2398 châṭâʼ (220 vv), H2403 chaṭṭâʼâh (271 vv), H3045 yâdaʻ (874 vv) — the male/female-goat parallel for ruler vs. commoner is a confirmed structural grading, moderate frequency, not a quotation.

The congregation's sin-offering and Numbers 15 flagged — verify source

Numbers 15:22–26 also legislates a sin-offering for the whole congregation's inadvertent sin, but prescribes a different ritual (a bull as burnt-offering with a he-goat for the sin-offering). Cambridge judges "The most probable explanation of the divergence is that the laws are from different sources," while Jewish tradition reconciled them by reading Leviticus 4's "congregation" as the Sanhedrin. The Verifier finds only high-frequency shared words (ʻêdâh "congregation," 140 vv; ʼechâd, ʻayin, ʼim), so the connection is a shared theme of corporate atonement, openly contested as to its relation — flagged for the reader to weigh.

Leviticus 4:13 · Numbers 15:24 · Numbers 15:25

basis: Verifier (Lev 4:13 ↔ Num 15:24): only high-frequency shared lexemes H5712 ʻêdâh (140 vv), H259 ʼechâd (739 vv), H5869 ʻayin (827 vv), H518 ʼim (931 vv). The relation between the two congregational sin-offering laws is contested (Cambridge: 'different sources'; Jewish tradition: 'congregation' = Sanhedrin), so flagged — the link is thematic and disputed, not an established verbal tie.

⚙Christ in the Unittypology · verify

AI-generated reading; weigh it against the text.

The better High Priest, who needed no sin-offering of his own widely-held

The law's first case exposes its own provisionality: even the anointed priest sins in error and must offer a bull for himself (vv. 3–12). The public-domain voices read this almost in unison toward Christ. Poole: the priesthood's imperfection "directed [the Israelites] to expect another and better High Priest, even one who is holy, harmless, and separate from sinners" (Hebrews 7:26). Ellicott quotes the same apostolic contrast: "the law made those high priests who had infirmity… but our high priest, Christ Jesus, was holy, harmless, undefiled." The Levitical priest is defined by his anointing (māšîaḥ) yet fails; the true Anointed offers no sacrifice for his own sin, having none.

Leviticus 4:3 · Hebrews 7:26 · Hebrews 7:27

Suffering outside the gate: the body burned outside the camp widely-held

The body of the priest's sin-offering — and of the congregation's — is carried outside the camp and burned (vv. 11–12, 21). The writer of Hebrews makes this the very figure of the cross: "Although the high priest brings the blood of animals into the Holy Place as a sacrifice for sin, the bodies are burned outside the camp. And so Jesus also suffered outside the city gate, to sanctify the people by His own blood" (Hebrews 13:11–12, BSB). Poole, Ellicott, Gill, and Matthew Henry all draw the line explicitly — Henry: "The apostle applies the carrying this sacrifice without the camp to Christ, Heb 13:11-13." The reading is ancient and widely held; the underlying verbal claim, however, rests on the New Testament writer's own typology rather than a shared Hebrew lexeme (see the thread and apparatus), so it is offered as figural, not as a word-for-word quotation.

Leviticus 4:12 · Leviticus 4:21 · Hebrews 13:11 · Hebrews 13:12

The sin-offering called "sin": made sin for us widely-held

The Hebrew names the sacrifice with the very word for the offense: chaṭṭâʼâh is both "sin" and "sin-offering," so that the law can say the priest brings "a sin" and slaughters "the sin" (vv. 3, 24, 29). On the ruler's goat, named flatly "it is a sin offering," Gill hears the apostle: "so Christ our offering is said to be, 2 Corinthians 5:21" — the offering called by the name of the very sin it bears. The unblemished victim (tāmîm) he reads as "a type of the sacrifice of Christ offered up without spot to God," the burned body as the figure of one who, "dying the death of the cross, and was made sin and a curse for his people" (v. 11), and the female lamb of v. 32 as "Christ the Lamb of God, without spot and without blemish" (1 Peter 1:19). The figure is widely attested in the tradition, though it remains a typological reading offered to be tested, not a claim the text makes of itself.

Leviticus 4:3 · Leviticus 4:24 · Leviticus 4:32 · 2 Corinthians 5:21

Apparatus & Provenance

The biblical text is the Berean Standard Bible (BSB), public domain (CC0). Hebrew/Greek text, transliteration, morphology and Strong’s are transcribed from the Berean interlinear (CC0) + Strong’s lexicons (PD); the literal renderings, divergence notes, word notes and all synthesis are this tool’s own work (⚙) — fallible; verify them.

Named voices, quoted verbatim from public-domain works:

Albert Barnes, Notes on the Bible (1834)
Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges, — (1880s)
Charles Ellicott, Commentary for English Readers (1878)
Geneva Study Bible, Marginal Notes (1599)
Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory (1871)
John Gill, Exposition of the Entire Bible (1746–63)
Joseph Benson, Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1810s)
Keil & Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament (1860s)
Matthew Henry, Concise Commentary on the Whole Bible (1706)
Matthew Poole, Annotations upon the Holy Bible (1685)
The Pulpit Commentary, Spence & Exell, eds. (1880s)

On the Hebrews 13:11–12 link (the body burned outside the camp). Running the Verifier on Leviticus 4:12 ↔ Hebrews 13:11 returns no shared original-language lexeme — and it cannot, since this is a Greek↔Hebrew (cross-Testament) pair where shared Strong's numbers are structurally impossible. The connection is real and ancient (the Hebrews writer explicitly cites the rite), but it is the New Testament author's typological reading of the Levitical law, not a verbal quotation provable from a common word. We have therefore tiered the Christ-reading as figural/widely-held, and the cross-reference must be argued from Hebrews itself, not asserted as a lexical match.

On 'outside the camp' within the Hebrew Bible. The genuine verbal substrate for this motif lies inside the Old Testament — Leviticus 4:12 ↔ 16:27 share sâraph, par, chûwts, machăneh — which is what we badged structural/thematic. Hebrews builds on that Hebrew pattern; the apparatus keeps the two claims distinct.

On the divergence with Numbers 15. Leviticus 4:13–21 and Numbers 15:22–26 give two non-identical sin-offering laws for the congregation. We flagged this thread because the relationship is openly contested in the public-domain sources themselves (Cambridge: "different sources"; Jewish tradition: the Leviticus "congregation" = the Sanhedrin). We have not adjudicated it; we have recorded the dispute.

On the voices. Every quotation is a contiguous, verbatim substring of the public-domain commentary supplied for its verse; ends are trimmed to a pointed excerpt but no words are altered, reordered, or stitched. Where a commentator (Matthew Henry, Jamieson-Fausset-Brown, Keil) wrote one continuous note spanning several verses, we drew the excerpt from that note and flagged the span in the editorial_note. Authors are diversified across the unit (Benson, Henry, Barnes, JFB, Gill, Geneva, Cambridge, Keil & Delitzsch, Ellicott, Poole, Pulpit) so that no single voice dominates. The parses, glosses, and Strong's numbers are taken as sourced (Berean/Strong's) and are not contradicted here.

On this layer's authority. The ⚙ synthesis — literal renderings, divergence notes, threads, the grand commentary, and especially the Sola reading and its pullquote — is fallible machine work, marked as such, and to be weighed against Scripture. Only the BSB text is the Word; the ✦ voices are quoted human commentary; this layer is neither.

✦ = human, public-domain source, quoted and named. ⚙ = machine synthesis, to be verified. Flagged cross-references are left visible on purpose — the verifier working in the open. “Search the Scriptures daily, whether those things were so.” (Acts 17:11)