The Fallible Study Bible

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Luke12:4–7

Fear God Alone

✦ Public-domain source — quoted & attributed⚙ AI synthesis — generated, verify

Luke 12:4–7 — Fear God Alone. Each verse below carries the full apparatus: the Berean Standard Bible, the vocalized original (tap any word), and a parsed breakdown of every term transcribed from the interlinear. Synthesized commentary, canonical threads, and the reading of Christ gather at the end, over the whole unit.

4

I tell you, My friends, do not be afraid of those who kill the body and after that can do no more.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Greek — tap a word ↓

de Legō hymin mou tois philois mē phobēthēte apo tōn apokteinontōn to sōma kai meta tauta mē echontōn poiēsai ti perissoteron

Word by word21 · parsed
δὲdeG1161
√ δέ — but, and, etcConjunction
ΛέγωLegōI tellG3004
√ λέγω — properly, to "lay" forth, iVerbPresent Indicative Active1st Person Singular
Present indicative, first person: the solemn authorial “I say,” which recurs in v. 5 twice. Jesus speaks in His own name, not “thus says the Lord.”
ὑμῖνhyminyouG4771
√ σύ — thouPersonal / Possessive PronounDative 2nd Person Plural
μουmouMyG1473
√ ἐγώ — I, mePersonal / Possessive PronounGenitive 1st Person Singular
τοῖςtoisG3588
√ ὁ — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)ArticleDative Masculine Plural
φίλοιςphiloisfriendsG5384
√ φίλος — actively, fond, iAdjectiveDative Masculine Plural
phílos: friend, one held dear The only place in the Synoptic form of this saying where the disciples are called “friends” (Matthew 10:28 lacks it). Ellicott notes the words as peculiar to Luke; JFB reads them as spoken from Jesus' sense that in the “killing of the body” He and they would be “affectingly one.” The Verifier links this lexeme (G5384, 27 vv) to John 15:14.
μὴmēvvvG3361
√ μή — (adverb) not, (conjunction) lestAdverb
φοβηθῆτεphobēthētedo not be afraidG5399
√ φοβέω — to frighten, iVerbAorist Subjunctive Passive2nd Person Plural
phobéō: to fear (aorist subjunctive passive) With mē, the aorist subjunctive is the standard Greek form of a prohibition against beginning an action: do not let this fear take hold at all. Its passive form is deponent in sense (“be afraid”). The same verb then returns three times in v. 5 and once more in v. 7, so that the unit is built on one word, redirected.
ἀπὸapoofG575
√ ἀπό — "off," iPreposition
apó: from Cambridge: the fear “from” them, i.e. of whatever issues from them; a construction found in the LXX and NT.
τῶνtōnthose whoG3588
√ ὁ — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)ArticleGenitive Masculine Plural
ἀποκτεινόντωνapokteinontōnkillG615
√ ἀποκτείνω — to kill outrightVerbPresent Participle ActiveGenitive Masculine Plural
apokteínō: to kill outright A plain verb for killing. Present participle: the persecutors are those who kill. Luke 11:49, a few verses earlier, already said of the prophets and apostles “some of whom they will kill” (cited by Pulpit), so the threat is not hypothetical.
τὸtotheG3588
√ ὁ — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)ArticleAccusative Neuter Singular
σῶμαsōmabodyG4983
√ σῶμα — the body (as a sound whole), used in a very wide application, literally or figurativelyNounAccusative Neuter Singular
sôma: the body The object of human power is precisely and only the body. The limit is anthropological as well as moral: Gill and Poole both draw from it that the soul lies outside the persecutor's reach.
καὶkaiandG2532
√ καί — and, also, even, so then, too, etcConjunction
μετὰmetaafterG3326
√ μετά — properly, denoting accompanimentPreposition
ταῦταtautathatG3778
√ οὗτος — the he (she or it), iDemonstrative PronounAccusative Neuter Plural
μὴmēvvvG3361
√ μή — (adverb) not, (conjunction) lestAdverb
ἐχόντωνechontōncanG2192
√ ἔχω — to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remoteVerbPresent Participle ActiveGenitive Masculine Plural
ποιῆσαιpoiēsaidoG4160
√ ποιέω — to make or do (in a very wide application, more or less direct)VerbAorist Infinitive Active
Aorist infinitive “to do,” dependent on “having”: they have nothing further they are able to do.
τιtinoG5100
√ τὶς — some or any person or objectInterrogative / Indefinite PronounAccusative Neuter Singular
περισσότερόνperissoteronmoreG4053
√ περισσός — superabundant (in quantity) or superior (in quality)AdjectiveAccusative Neuter SingularComparative
perissós: superabundant, more Comparative neuter. In v. 5 the contrast is not that God can do “more” of the same thing, but that He acts after death, where human power has already stopped.
5

But I will show you whom you should fear: Fear the One who, after you have been killed, has authority to throw you into hell. Yes, I tell you, fear Him!

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Greek — tap a word ↓

de hypodeixō hymin tina phobēthēte phobēthēte ton meta to apokteinai echonta exousian embalein eis tēn geennan nai legō hymin phobēthēte touton

Word by word21 · parsed
δὲdeButG1161
√ δέ — but, and, etcConjunction
ὑποδείξωhypodeixōI will showG5263
√ ὑποδείκνυμι — to exhibit under the eyes, iVerbFuture Indicative Active1st Person Singular
hypodeíknymi: to exhibit under the eyes, to warn Future indicative. A relatively rare verb (6 vv per the Verifier); Luke uses it of John's “who warned you to flee” (Luke 3:7) and of Jesus “showing” what the wise builder is like (Luke 6:47). Here the thing shown is a Person to be feared.
ὑμῖνhyminyouG4771
√ σύ — thouPersonal / Possessive PronounDative 2nd Person Plural
τίναtinawhomG5101
√ τίς — an interrogative pronoun, who, which or what (in direct or indirect questions)Interrogative / Indefinite PronounAccusative Masculine Singular
Interrogative tina, “whom”: the question is personal, not abstract. Not what to fear but whom.
φοβηθῆτεphobēthēteyou should fearG5399
√ φοβέω — to frighten, iVerbAorist Subjunctive Passive2nd Person Plural
φοβήθητεphobēthēteFearG5399
√ φοβέω — to frighten, iVerbAorist Imperative Passive2nd Person Plural
phobéō: fear (aorist imperative) Now positive and commanding. JFB: “Only the one fear would effectually expel the other.” Gill specifies the fear as “not with a servile, but with a filial fear,” a distinction the verse itself does not make but which the following verses (God's tender care) make natural.
τὸνtonthe [One who]G3588
√ ὁ — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)ArticleAccusative Masculine Singular
μετὰmetaafterG3326
√ μετά — properly, denoting accompanimentPreposition
τὸto[you]G3588
√ ὁ — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)ArticleAccusative Neuter Singular
ἀποκτεῖναιapokteinaihave been killedG615
√ ἀποκτείνω — to kill outrightVerbAorist Infinitive Active
Aorist infinitive with article after meta: “after the killing.” Grammatically the subject of the killing is not expressed; Cambridge and Pulpit take the One who acts here to be God. JFB draws from it that God can also inflict death.
ἔχονταechontahasG2192
√ ἔχω — to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remoteVerbPresent Participle ActiveAccusative Masculine Singular
ἐξουσίανexousianauthorityG1849
√ ἐξουσία — privilege, iNounAccusative Feminine Singular
exousía: authority, right, privilege The word for delegated or rightful authority, used in Luke of Jesus' authority to forgive (5:24) and over spirits (4:36). Here it names God's jurisdiction past death; the persecutors of v. 4 are never said to have exousia, only ability.
ἐμβαλεῖνembaleinto throw [you]G1685
√ ἐμβάλλω — to throw on, iVerbAorist Infinitive Active
embállō: to throw in Aorist infinitive. Found only here in the NT: the verb is concrete and violent, a casting into.
εἰςeisintoG1519
√ εἰς — to or into (indicating the point reached or entered), of place, time, or (figuratively) purpose (result, etcPreposition
τὴνtēnG3588
√ ὁ — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)ArticleAccusative Feminine Singular
γέεννανgeennanhellG1067
√ γέεννα — valley of (the son of) HinnomNounAccusative Feminine Singular
géenna: valley of (the son of) Hinnom The Valley of Hinnom outside Jerusalem (Joshua 15:8; 2 Kings 23:10; Jeremiah 7:31), defiled by Moloch worship and then by Josiah. Cambridge and Pulpit trace how it became the figure for punishment after death; Jeremiah 7:32 already turns it into a valley of slaughter. Jesus uses it without softening.
ναίnaiYesG3483
√ ναί — yesParticle
naí: yes An emphatic affirmative that seals the warning; with the repeated legō hymin it is the strongest assertion in the unit.
λέγωlegōI tellG3004
√ λέγω — properly, to "lay" forth, iVerbPresent Indicative Active1st Person Singular
ὑμῖνhyminyouG4771
√ σύ — thouPersonal / Possessive PronounDative 2nd Person Plural
φοβήθητεphobēthētefearG5399
√ φοβέω — to frighten, iVerbAorist Imperative Passive2nd Person Plural
τοῦτονtoutonHimG3778
√ οὗτος — the he (she or it), iDemonstrative PronounAccusative Masculine Singular
hoûtos: this one Demonstrative accusative: “this One,” pointing with finality to the Judge just described. Cambridge argues firmly it is God, not the Devil.
6

Are not five sparrows sold for two pennies? Yet not one of them is forgotten by God.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Greek — tap a word ↓

Ouchi pente strouthia pōlountai dyo assariōn kai ouk hen ex autōn estin epilelēsmenon enōpion tou Theou

Word by word16 · parsed
ΟὐχὶOuchi{Are} notG3780
√ οὐχί — not indeedIntPrtcl
ouchí: not indeed Interrogative particle expecting assent: “Is it not so?”
πέντεpentefiveG4002
√ πέντε — "five"AdjectiveNominative Neuter Plural
pénte: five Matthew 10:29 has two for one coin. Ellicott, JFB and Cambridge all read the difference as the market practice of throwing in a fifth bird for two coins: the odd sparrow had no price at all.
στρουθίαstrouthiasparrowsG4765
√ στρουθίον — a little sparrowNounNominative Neuter Plural
strouthíon: a little sparrow A rare word (4 vv in the Verifier's count), diminutive in form, found in the NT only in this saying and its Matthean parallel. The smallest saleable bird.
πωλοῦνταιpōlountaisoldG4453
√ πωλέω — to barter (as a pedlar), iVerbPresent Indicative Middle or Passive3rd Person Plural
δύοdyofor twoG1417
√ δύο — "two"AdjectiveGenitive Neuter Plural
ἀσσαρίωνassariōnpenniesG787
√ ἀσσάριον — an assarius or as, a Roman coinNounGenitive Neuter Plural
assárion: an as, a Roman coin Cambridge notes the sparrows were sold strung together or on skewers; the coin's name dates the image to a Roman-administered market.
καὶkaiYetG2532
√ καί — and, also, even, so then, too, etcConjunction
οὐκouknotG3756
√ οὐ — the absolute negative (compare G3361 (μή)) adverbAdverb
ἓνhenoneG1520
√ εἷς — oneAdjectiveNominative Neuter Singular
heîs: one Neuter singular, emphatic by placement: “not one.” The care is distributive, bird by bird.
ἐξexofG1537
√ ἐκ — literal or figurativePreposition
αὐτῶνautōnthemG846
√ αὐτός — the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the third person , and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other personsPersonal / Possessive PronounGenitive Neuter 3rd Person Plural
ἔστινestinisG1510
√ εἰμί — I exist (used only when emphatic)VerbPresent Indicative Active3rd Person Singular
ἐπιλελησμένονepilelēsmenonforgottenG1950
√ ἐπιλανθάνομαι — to lose out of mindVerbPerfect Participle Middle or PassiveNominative Neuter Singular
epilanthánomai: to lose out of mind Perfect middle or passive participle. A rare verb (8 vv); Hebrews 6:10 uses it of God who is not unjust “to forget” the work of His people. The verb names memory, not merely knowledge: what God holds in mind, He holds in care.
ἐνώπιονenōpionbyG1799
√ ἐνώπιον — in the face of (literally or figuratively)Preposition
enṓpion: in the face of A phrase Luke uses often for God's presence (compare 1:19, “I stand in the presence of God”). Even the unpriced bird stands before Him.
τοῦtouG3588
√ ὁ — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)ArticleGenitive Masculine Singular
ΘεοῦTheouGodG2316
√ θεός — figuratively, a magistrateNounGenitive Masculine Singular
theós: God Articular: “the God.” Where Matthew says “your Father,” Luke names God directly, and v. 7 then turns the care toward “your” head.
7

And even the very hairs of your head are all numbered. So do not be afraid; you are worth more than many sparrows.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Greek — tap a word ↓

alla hai kai triches tēs hymōn kephalēs pasai ērithmēntai mē phobeisthe diapherete pollōn strouthiōn

Word by word14 · parsed
ἀλλὰalla[And even]G235
√ ἀλλά — properly, other things, iConjunction
allá: but Escalating “but even”: the argument climbs down to the smallest thing to climb up to the person.
αἱhaitheG3588
√ ὁ — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)ArticleNominative Feminine Plural
καὶkaiveryG2532
√ καί — and, also, even, so then, too, etcConjunction
τρίχεςtricheshairsG2359
√ θρίξ — of uncertain derivationNounNominative Feminine Plural
thríx: hair Fourteen verses in the Verifier's count. Luke returns to it at 21:18 (“not a hair of your head will perish”) and Acts 27:34; Cambridge adds the OT idiom of 1 Samuel 14:45 and 1 Kings 1:52, where “not one hair shall fall” means complete preservation.
τῆςtēsofG3588
√ ὁ — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)ArticleGenitive Feminine Singular
ὑμῶνhymōnyourG4771
√ σύ — thouPersonal / Possessive PronounGenitive 2nd Person Plural
κεφαλῆςkephalēsheadG2776
√ κεφαλή — the head (as the part most readily taken hold of), literally or figurativelyNounGenitive Feminine Singular
kephalḗ: head “Your” head: the possessive is plural, so every disciple's head is meant individually.
πᾶσαιpasaivvvG3956
√ πᾶς — all, any, every, the wholeAdjectiveNominative Feminine Plural
pâs: all “All” of them, without exception: the count is complete.
ἠρίθμηνταιērithmēntaiare all numberedG705
√ ἀριθμέω — to enumerate or countVerbPerfect Indicative Middle or Passive3rd Person Plural
arithméō: to enumerate, count Perfect passive indicative: the divine passive, God being the implied counter. One of the rarest verbs in the unit (3 vv). Gill connects it to the palmoni, “the wonderful numberer,” of the margin of Daniel 8:13; that is Gill's devotional association, not a lexical link.
μὴmēvvvG3361
√ μή — (adverb) not, (conjunction) lestAdverb
φοβεῖσθεphobeisthe[So] do not be afraidG5399
√ φοβέω — to frighten, iVerbPresent Imperative Middle or Passive2nd Person Plural
phobéō: fear (present imperative) The fourth and fifth uses of the root in the unit close the argument. Having commanded the one right fear in v. 5, Jesus now forbids the continuing anxious fear: the fear of God and the freedom from fear stand together.
διαφέρετεdiaphereteyou are worth moreG1308
√ διαφέρω — to bear through, iVerbPresent Indicative Active2nd Person Plural
diaphérō: to bear through, to differ, to excel Present indicative: not a command but a statement of fact. The disciples' worth is not earned in the moment of trial; it already stands.
πολλῶνpollōnthan manyG4183
√ πολύς — (singular) much (in any respect) or (plural) manyAdjectiveGenitive Neuter Plural
polýs: many JFB: “not ‘than millions of sparrows’; the charm and power of our Lord's teaching is very much in this simplicity.” The understatement is deliberate.
στρουθίωνstrouthiōnsparrowsG4765
√ στρουθίον — a little sparrowNounGenitive Neuter Plural

The verse-by-verse work is done. What follows gathers the whole unit. All three layers below are machine-generated (⚙). Weigh them; they have no authority.

⚙

Grand Commentary — the unit, read whole

synthesis · verify

AI synthesis — woven from the public-domain voices above and the original text; generated and fallible.

i. Friends, and the ceiling on human power — Luke 12:4

Jesus has just warned against the Pharisees' leaven (12:1). Now He turns to those He calls τοῖς φίλοις μου, “My friends,” a word Ellicott notes as peculiar to Luke's form of the saying and which Cambridge hears “the more naturally and pathetically because Jesus had just been in the thick of enemies.” The command μὴ φοβηθῆτε ἀπό forbids a fear that issues from the killers (Cambridge on the construction). The argument is a ceiling: they kill the body, and after that they have nothing περισσότερόν, “more,” to do. Poole states the logic as an argument from “the impotency, or limited power, of the most malicious enemies”; Gill adds that “the soul is out of their reach.” JFB reads the word “friends” as spoken by One who knew He would share their death.

ii. The one fear that expels the other — Luke 12:5

Jesus does not simply abolish fear; He ὑποδείξω, “will show” them its true object. The verb φοβέω sounds three times in one sentence, and JFB exclaims at it: “Only the one fear would effectually expel the other.” The One to be feared has ἐξουσία, rightful authority, which the killers of v. 4 are never granted, and He has it after death, to throw into γέεννα. Cambridge and Pulpit both insist “Gehenna” should not be blurred with Hades, and both reject an old reading that the One is Satan: Cambridge argues “we are bidden to defy and resist the Devil, but never to fear him.” Gill adds that the fear meant is “filial,” not servile; that is his theological gloss, which the next two verses make natural.

iii. The odd sparrow and the counted hair — Luke 12:6 to 7

Having named the Judge, Jesus shows the Judge's face. Five στρουθία sell for two ἀσσάρια; Matthew has two for one. Ellicott, JFB and Cambridge all read the gap as market practice: the fifth bird was thrown in free, so “even that unvalued odd one was not ‘forgotten before God’” (Cambridge). The perfect ἐπιλελησμένον denies any standing state of being forgotten; the perfect ἠρίθμηνται declares the hairs already counted. Poole distinguishes God's general providence over sparrows from His “more special providence” toward His disciples; Benson turns it into the instruction to “trust in as well as fear him.” The unit closes with a present imperative, μὴ φοβεῖσθε, and an understatement JFB prizes: “than many sparrows,” not millions.

Read under Sola Scriptura — this tool’s own fallible reading (⚙)

⚙ Read on its own terms, the passage does not set fear against faith; it sets one fear against another and then sets the right fear inside a relationship of care. The same verb, φοβέω, is first forbidden (v. 4), then commanded three times (v. 5), then forbidden again (v. 7). What changes is the object. The killers have ability but no exousia beyond the body; God has authority past death and memory of every unpriced bird. The disciple who fears God rightly is therefore the one person who need not go on being afraid. This reading is the tool's synthesis, offered to be tested against Scripture; it rests on the repetition of the verb and the shift of aspect, which are textual, and on the inference that the Judge of v. 5 and the Rememberer of v. 6 are the same God, which Cambridge and Pulpit affirm and the article in v. 6 supports.

The fear of God is the one fear that frees a friend of Christ from every other.

⚙

Canonical Threads — out to the whole of Scripture

cross-refs · verify

AI-generated connections. Each carries a verification badge with a recorded basis; contested links are flagged.

The Matthean parallel: sparrows, coins and counted hairs verbal / quotation: confirmed

Luke 12:4 to 7 runs parallel to Matthew 10:28 to 31, with Luke's distinct touches: “My friends,” five sparrows for two coins rather than two for one, and “forgotten before God” rather than “fall to the ground without your Father.” Ellicott takes these differences as “proofs, again, of the independence of the two Gospels.” The Verifier records rare shared vocabulary: στρουθίον occurs in only 4 verses and ἀριθμέω in only 3, both concentrated in this saying. This is a synoptic parallel of the same saying, not a quotation of one Gospel by the other.

Matthew 10:28 · Matthew 10:29 · Matthew 10:30 · Matthew 10:31

basis: Verifier: Matthew 10:29 shares G4765 στρουθίον (in 4 vv); Matthew 10:30 shares G705 ἀριθμέω (in 3 vv) and G2359 θρίξ (in 14 vv); Matthew 10:31 shares G4765 and G5399; Matthew 10:28 shares only common G5399, G615, G4983. Synoptic parallel tradition, not a citation.

Numbered and numberless: the counted hair and the uncountable multitude structural / thematic: confirmed

The perfect passive ἠρίθμηνται (“have been numbered”) shares its rare verb with Revelation 7:9, where John sees a great multitude “which no one could number,” standing ἐνώπιον the throne. ⚙ The pairing is suggestive: what God counts down to the hair, no human can count at all; and the persecuted friends of Luke 12 are, in Revelation 7:14, those who came out of great tribulation. The link is a shared rare lexeme within a related motif, not a quotation, and the motif connection is the tool's observation.

Revelation 7:9

basis: Verifier: shared G705 ἀριθμέω (in 3 vv) and G1799 ἐνώπιον (in 86 vv); rare lexeme but no citation, so tiered structural

God who does not forget structural / thematic: confirmed

ἐπιλανθάνομαι, “to forget,” occurs in only 8 verses. In Hebrews 6:10 the writer reassures a pressured church that “God is not unjust; He will not forget your work.” Luke 12:6 says the same of a sparrow. Together they make God's memory a ground of courage under pressure. The shared verb is rare, but the contexts are independent; tiered structural.

Hebrews 6:10

basis: Verifier: shared G1950 ἐπιλανθάνομαι (in 8 vv); same verb with God as the one who does not forget, no quotation

Not a hair of your head: Luke's own echo structural / thematic: confirmed

Luke returns to the hair image twice: “not a hair of your head will perish” (Luke 21:18), again in a persecution setting, and Paul's “not one of you will lose a hair from his head” (Acts 27:34). Cambridge collects these and the OT idiom of 1 Samuel 14:45. ⚙ Luke 21:16 to 18 holds together the same paradox as Luke 12: “some of you they will put to death,” yet not a hair perishes. Preservation is not exemption from death.

Luke 21:18 · Acts 27:34

basis: Verifier pair check: shared G2359 θρίξ (in 14 vv) and G2776 κεφαλή (in 67 vv) with both Luke 21:18 and Acts 27:34; same idiom, no quotation

Gehenna: the Valley of Hinnom structural / thematic: confirmed

Cambridge and Pulpit both explain γέεννα as a transliteration of Hebrew gê hinnōm, the valley named at Joshua 15:8, defiled by Moloch rites, desecrated by Josiah (2 Kings 23:10), and condemned by Jeremiah, who foretells it will be called the “Valley of Slaughter” (Jeremiah 7:31 to 32). Jesus takes a place of covenant judgment in Israel's history as the figure for judgment after death. Cross-Testament link, Greek to Hebrew, so no shared Strong's number is possible; the basis is the commentators' recorded etymology.

Joshua 15:8 · 2 Kings 23:10 · Jeremiah 7:31

basis: Cross-Testament (Greek G1067 to a Hebrew place name): no shared Strong's possible; basis is the transliteration recorded by Cambridge and Pulpit, a structural link, not verbal

Who are you to fear man who dies? structural / thematic: confirmed

Cambridge points to Isaiah 51:12 to 13 and Jeremiah 1:8 for “similar thoughts.” In Isaiah, the LORD rebukes a people who fear “man who dies” and forget “the LORD your Maker.” ⚙ Luke 12:4 to 7 has the same shape: mortal oppressors set against the Maker, and forgetting set against remembering. Thematic only; cross-Testament, so not verbal.

Isaiah 51:12 · Jeremiah 1:8

basis: Cross-Testament motif cited by Cambridge (fear of mortal man vs the Maker); Greek to Hebrew, no shared Strong's possible, so structural

⚙Christ in the Unittypology · verify

AI-generated reading; weigh it against the text.

Friends for whom the Friend lays down His life ancient/widely-held

Cambridge and Ellicott both connect “My friends” to John 15:14 to 15, where Jesus says He no longer calls the disciples servants but friends, just after saying that no one has greater love than to lay down his life for his friends (John 15:13). Gill says they are those “for whom he after laid down his life.” JFB hears in the word Jesus' awareness that in the “killing of the body” He and they would be one. The One who tells them not to fear the killers is Himself about to be killed by them, and His resurrection is the proof that the killers have “nothing more” they can do. The friend-and-death reading is widely held among the voices here.

John 15:13 · John 15:14 · John 15:15

The Son who feared the Father unto death novel

⚙ Jesus not only teaches the right fear; He lives it. Hebrews 5:7 says He was heard “because of His reverence” (a fear-word in Greek, eulabeia, not phobos), and Luke 23:46 has Him commit His spirit into the Father's hands as His body is killed. The Christ of the cross is the clearest instance of one who feared God and not those who kill the body, and who was not forgotten before God. This is the tool's typological synthesis; JFB's note on v. 4 points in this direction, but the full reading is not stated by the commentators in the brief.

Hebrews 5:7 · Luke 23:46

The authority to judge given to the Son novel

Cambridge and Pulpit identify the One with ἐξουσία to cast into Gehenna as God, and the text bears that out. ⚙ The wider canon adds that the Father has given the Son “authority to execute judgment” (John 5:27, also exousia), and Luke 12:8 to 9, the very next verses, make Jesus' own acknowledgment “before the angels of God” the decisive verdict. The fear commanded in v. 5 is therefore not detached from Christ: the friend of v. 4 is also the one before whom all will be judged. This connection is the tool's canonical inference, not the commentators' reading of v. 5.

John 5:27 · Luke 12:8

Apparatus & Provenance

The biblical text is the Berean Standard Bible (BSB), public domain (CC0). Hebrew/Greek text, transliteration, morphology and Strong’s are transcribed from the Berean interlinear (CC0) + Strong’s lexicons (PD); the literal renderings, divergence notes, word notes and all synthesis are this tool’s own work (⚙) — fallible; verify them.

Named voices, quoted verbatim from public-domain works:

  • Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges, — (1880s)
  • Charles Ellicott, Commentary for English Readers (1878)
  • Geneva Study Bible, Marginal Notes (1599)
  • Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory (1871)
  • John Gill, Exposition of the Entire Bible (1746–63)
  • Joseph Benson, Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1810s)
  • Matthew Henry, Concise Commentary on the Whole Bible (1706)
  • Matthew Poole, Annotations upon the Holy Bible (1685)
  • The Pulpit Commentary, Spence & Exell, eds. (1880s)

Text: the Greek follows the Berean interlinear; no significant variant affecting meaning is noted in the brief. Parse note: the aorist subjunctive in v. 4 and present imperative in v. 7 are both from the brief; the “stop being afraid” nuance of the present imperative is a common grammatical reading, not a certainty. Sources: Barnes's entries supplied for vv. 4 to 7 are his note on v. 3 (housetop proclamation) repeated, so he is not cited in this unit. Henry's note is one block for 12:1 to 12, repeated under each verse. Poole's v. 5 and v. 7 entries are cross-references to his v. 4 and v. 6 notes. Coin values (assarion) are approximate; Benson's “three half-pence sterling” reflects his era. Gill's link of “numbered” to the palmoni of Daniel 8:13 rests on a marginal reading and is devotional, not lexical. The Verifier's pair checks for Luke 21:18, Acts 27:34 and John 15:14 were run for this unit; cross-Testament threads (Hinnom, Isaiah 51) rest on commentators' citations, not computed lexemes.

✦ = human, public-domain source, quoted and named. ⚙ = machine synthesis, to be verified. Flagged cross-references are left visible on purpose — the verifier working in the open. “Search the Scriptures daily, whether those things were so.” (Acts 17:11)