33
Then they said to Him, “John’s disciples and those of the Pharisees frequently fast and pray, but Yours keep on eating and drinking.”
Berean Standard Bible · CC0
Greek — tap a word ↓
de Hoi eipan pros auton Iōannou Hoi mathētai homoiōs kai hoi tōn Pharisaiōn pykna nēsteuousin kai poiountai deēseis de hoi soi esthiousin kai pinousin
Word by word24 · parsed
√ δέ — but, and, etcConjunction
√ ὁ — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)ArticleNominative Masculine Plural
√ ἔπω — to speak or say (by word or writing)VerbAorist Indicative Active3rd Person Plural
√ πρός — a preposition of directionPreposition
√ αὐτός — the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the third person , and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other personsPersonal / Possessive PronounAccusative Masculine 3rd Person Singular
√ Ἰωάννης — Joannes (iNounGenitive Masculine Singular
√ ὁ — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)ArticleNominative Masculine Plural
√ μαθητής — a learner, iNounNominative Masculine Plural
√ ὁμοίως — similarlyAdverb
homoiōs: similarly, likewise The hinge that yokes two parties who otherwise had little in common. Luke leaves the questioners unnamed; Mark 2:18 names John's disciples and the Pharisees together, and this adverb is where Luke's sentence silently joins them.
√ καί — and, also, even, so then, too, etcConjunction
√ ὁ — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)ArticleNominative Masculine Plural
√ ὁ — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)ArticleGenitive Masculine Plural
√ Φαρισαῖος — a separatist, iNounGenitive Masculine Plural
√ πυκνός — clasped (thick), iAdjectiveAccusative Neuter Plural
pyknos: thick, close-packed, hence frequent A genuinely rare word, standing in three New Testament verses only (here, Acts 24:26 of Felix sending often for Paul, 1 Timothy 5:23 of Timothy's frequent infirmities). Its density is the point of the complaint: not that fasting happens but that it happens thickly, at set and countable intervals. Cambridge notes the Pharisaic boast of Luke 18:12 behind it.
√ νηστεύω — to abstain from food (religiously)VerbPresent Indicative Active3rd Person Plural
nēsteuō: to abstain from food religiously Present indicative active, habitual. The Law appointed one fast in the year, the Day of Atonement (Leviticus 16:29 to 31; Leviticus 23:27 to 32); Pulpit records that four annual fasts were added after the Exile and that the prophets gave them no sanction (Zechariah 7:1 to 12; Zechariah 8:19), and that in our Lord's day rigid Jews fasted twice a week. The verb here therefore names an observance grown far past its one commanded instance.
√ καί — and, also, even, so then, too, etcConjunction
√ ποιέω — to make or do (in a very wide application, more or less direct)VerbPresent Indicative Middle3rd Person Plural
poieō: to make, to do Present indicative middle. With δεήσεις it forms a periphrasis, they-make-petitions-for-themselves, the idiom Luke also uses at Luke 18:1 and Philippians 1:4 of praying. The middle voice is quietly telling: the prayers are reflexively theirs, something performed and possessed, which is the very thing the complaint is proud of.
√ δέησις — a petitionNounAccusative Feminine Plural
deēsis: a petition, a supplication out of need Not the general word for prayer (proseuchē) but the narrower word for a request born of lack. Cambridge, the evangelist of prayer, preserves this word alone among the Gospels and thinks the accent falls on much speaking rather than on prayer as such. The irony is exact: petitions of need are being urged against the one company that presently has no lack, because the Bridegroom is at table with them.
√ δέ — but, and, etcConjunction
√ ὁ — the (sometimes to be supplied, at others omitted, in English idiom)ArticleNominative Masculine Plural
√ σός — thinePersonal / Possessive PronounNominative Masculine 2nd Person Plural
sos: thine The pronoun that turns a survey of religious custom into an accusation. Geneva reads the whole complaint as hypocrites and ignorant men making a matter of holiness out of unimportant things; the ownership marked by this single word is what makes the charge stick to Jesus rather than to His disciples.
√ ἐσθίω — used only in certain tenses, the rest being supplied by G5315 (φάγω)VerbPresent Indicative Active3rd Person Plural
esthiō: to eat Paired with pinō (G4095), eating and drinking is the standing biblical shorthand for festal ordinary life, and in this Gospel it is the charge that follows Jesus from Levi's banquet (Luke 5:29) to Luke 7:34, where He is called a glutton and a drunkard. Benson hears the sting: thine eat and drink freely, though thou professest a high degree of righteousness.
√ καί — and, also, even, so then, too, etcConjunction
√ πίνω — to imbibe (literally or figuratively)VerbPresent Indicative Active3rd Person Plural