The Fallible Study Bible

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Nehemiah7:4–69

The List of Returning Exiles

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Nehemiah 7:4–69 — The List of Returning Exiles. Each verse below carries the full apparatus: the Berean Standard Bible, the vocalized original (tap any word), and a parsed breakdown of every term transcribed from the interlinear. Synthesized commentary, canonical threads, and the reading of Christ gather at the end, over the whole unit.

4

Now the city was large and spacious, but there were few people in it, and the houses had not yet been rebuilt.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wə·hā·‘îr ū·ḡə·ḏō·w·lāh ra·ḥă·ḇaṯ yā·ḏa·yim mə·‘aṭ wə·hā·‘ām bə·ṯō·w·ḵāh bāt·tîm wə·’ên bə·nū·yim

Word by word10 · parsed
וְהָעִ֞ירwə·hā·‘îrNow the cityH5892
√ ʻîyr — a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)Conjunctive waw, ArticleNounfeminine singular
וּגְדוֹלָ֔הū·ḡə·ḏō·w·lāhwas largeH1419
√ gâdôwl — great (in any sense)Conjunctive wawAdjectivefeminine singular
רַחֲבַ֤תra·ḥă·ḇaṯand spaciousH7342
√ râchâb — roomy, in any (or every) direction, literally or figurativelyAdjectivefeminine singular construct
יָדַ֙יִם֙yā·ḏa·yim. . .H3027
√ yâd — a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etcNounfd
yâd: a hand, the open one (indicating power, means, direction) Here the dual is spatial, not an image of strength: the width of the city is measured by the reach of two arms from its centre. That every commentator in the brief renders the phrase differently (broad every way, wide on both hands, broads on both sides) is itself the evidence that no single English word carries it.
מְעַ֖טmə·‘aṭbut there were fewH4592
√ mᵉʻaṭ — a little or few (often adverbial or comparAdjectivemasculine singular
mᵉʻaṭ: a little or few One quantity word set against two size words. The verse states a ratio, not a scene.
וְהָעָ֥םwə·hā·‘āmpeopleH5971
√ ʻam — a people (as a congregated unit)Conjunctive waw, ArticleNounmasculine singular
בְּתוֹכָ֑הּbə·ṯō·w·ḵāhin itH8432
√ tâvek — a bisection, iPreposition-bNounmasculine singular constructthird person feminine singular
בָּתִּ֖יםbāt·tîmand the housesH1004
√ bayith — a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etcNounmasculine plural
וְאֵ֥יןwə·’ênhad not yetH369
√ ʼayin — a non-entityConjunctive wawAdverb
ʼayin: a non-entity Hebrew supplies no verb here; it names an absence and lets the participle stand beside it.
בְּנוּיִֽם׃bə·nū·yimbeen rebuiltH1129
√ bânâh — to build (literally and figuratively)VerbQalQalPassParticiplemasculine plural
bânâh: to build (literally and figuratively) The same root raises houses and raises a house in the sense of a family line, which is exactly the double lack of this chapter: Jerusalem wants dwellings and it wants households. The next verse answers the second lack before anyone lays a stone for the first.
5

Then my God put it into my heart to assemble the nobles, the officials, and the people to be enrolled by genealogy. I found the genealogical register of those who had first returned, and I found the following written in it:

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

’ĕ·lō·hay way·yit·tên ’el- lib·bî wā·’eq·bə·ṣāh ’eṯ- ha·ḥō·rîm wə·’eṯ- has·sə·ḡā·nîm wə·’eṯ- hā·‘ām lə·hiṯ·ya·ḥêś wā·’em·ṣā hay·ya·ḥaś sê·p̄er hā·‘ō·w·lîm bā·ri·šō·w·nāh wā·’em·ṣā kā·ṯūḇ bōw

Word by word20 · parsed
אֱלֹהַי֙’ĕ·lō·hayThen my GodH430
√ ʼĕlôhîym — gods in the ordinary senseNounmasculine plural constructfirst person common singular
וַיִּתֵּ֤ןway·yit·tênput itH5414
√ nâthan — to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etcConjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
nâthan: to give, with the greatest latitude (put, make) The governor's census, the most administrative act in the book, is reported with the verb of gift. Benson draws the rule from it: whatever good motion is put into our minds, we must acknowledge it to come from God. JFB and Poole both note that the plan was in itself merely prudential, which is exactly why the attribution is worth making.
אֶל־’el-intoH413
√ ʼêl — near, with or amongPreposition
לִבִּ֔יlib·bîmy heartH3820
√ lêb — the heartNounmasculine singular constructfirst person common singular
lêb: the heart In Hebrew the seat of deliberation more than of feeling. What God gives here is a plan, not a mood.
וָאֶקְבְּצָ֞הwā·’eq·bə·ṣāhto assembleH6908
√ qâbats — to grasp, iConjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectfirst person common singularthird person feminine singular
אֶת־’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Direct object marker
הַחֹרִ֧יםha·ḥō·rîmthe noblesH2715
√ chôr — properly, white or pure (from the cleansing or shining power of fireArticleNounmasculine plural
וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker
הַסְּגָנִ֛יםhas·sə·ḡā·nîmthe officialsH5461
√ çâgân — a prefect of a provinceArticleNounmasculine plural
וְאֶת־wə·’eṯ-H853
√ ʼêth — properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)Conjunctive wawDirect object marker
הָעָ֖םhā·‘āmand the peopleH5971
√ ʻam — a people (as a congregated unit)ArticleNounmasculine singular
לְהִתְיַחֵ֑שׂlə·hiṯ·ya·ḥêśto be enrolled by genealogyH3187
√ yâchas — to enroll by pedigreePreposition-lVerbHitpaelInfinitive construct
yâchas: to enrol by pedigree (Hitpael) A rare verb, and the hinge of the whole unit. Everything from verse 8 to verse 65 is this infinitive being carried out, and verse 64 is what happens when the Hitpael fails: those who cannot enrol themselves are put out. K&D refers the form to 1 Chronicles 5:17.
וָֽאֶמְצָ֗אwā·’em·ṣāI foundH4672
√ mâtsâʼ — properly, to come forth to, iConjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectfirst person common singular
הַיַּ֙חַשׂ֙hay·ya·ḥaśthe genealogicalH3188
√ yachas — a pedigree or family list (as growing spontaneously)ArticleNounmasculine singular
סֵ֤פֶרsê·p̄erregisterH5612
√ çêpher — properly, writing (the art or a document)Nounmasculine singular construct
çêpher: writing (the art or a document) Nehemiah does not compile; he finds. The register he inserts is an older document than the wall he has just finished, and the book is treated as evidence rather than as literature.
הָעוֹלִ֣יםhā·‘ō·w·lîmof those who had first returnedH5927
√ ʻâlâh — to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount)ArticleVerbQalParticiplemasculine plural
ʻâlâh: to ascend, to mount The standing word for the return from Babylon, used of pilgrimage and of going up to the altar. The exiles are described by direction, not by origin.
בָּרִאשׁוֹנָ֔הbā·ri·šō·w·nāh. . .H7223
√ riʼshôwn — first, in place, time or rank (as adjective or noun)Preposition-b, ArticleAdjectivefeminine singular
וָאֶמְצָ֖אwā·’em·ṣāand I foundH4672
√ mâtsâʼ — properly, to come forth to, iConjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectfirst person common singular
כָּת֥וּבkā·ṯūḇthe following writtenH3789
√ kâthab — to grave, by implication, to write (describe, inscribe, prescribe, subscribe)VerbQalQalPassParticiplemasculine singular
kâthab: to grave, to write, inscribe A Qal passive participle: the following list is quoted, not composed. K&D reads the clause as the formula that introduces the document.
בּֽוֹ׃פbōwin it
Prepositionthird person masculine singular
6

These are the people of the province who came up from the captivity of the exiles carried away to Babylon by Nebuchadnezzar its king. They returned to Jerusalem and Judah, each to his own town,

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

’êl·leh bə·nê ham·mə·ḏî·nāh hā·‘ō·lîm miš·šə·ḇî hag·gō·w·lāh ’ă·šer heḡ·lāh bā·ḇel nə·ḇū·ḵaḏ·neṣ·ṣar me·leḵ way·yā·šū·ḇū lî·rū·šā·lim wə·lî·hū·ḏāh ’îš lə·‘î·rōw

Word by word16 · parsed
אֵ֣לֶּה׀’êl·lehTheseH428
√ ʼêl-leh — these or thosePronouncommon plural
בְּנֵ֣יbə·nêare the peopleH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
הַמְּדִינָ֗הham·mə·ḏî·nāhof the provinceH4082
√ mᵉdîynâh — properly, a judgeship, iArticleNounfeminine singular
mᵉdîynâh: properly a judgeship, a province The returning community is introduced under a Persian administrative term. The book will spend sixty verses recovering the older Israelite categories (family, town, priest, Levite) underneath it.
הָעֹלִים֙hā·‘ō·lîmwho came upH5927
√ ʻâlâh — to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount)ArticleVerbQalParticiplemasculine plural
מִשְּׁבִ֣יmiš·šə·ḇîfrom the captivityH7628
√ shᵉbîy — exiledPreposition-mNounmasculine singular construct
הַגּוֹלָ֔הhag·gō·w·lāhof the exilesH1473
√ gôwlâh — exileArticleNounfeminine singular
gôwlâh: exile The abstract noun for the deportation used as a collective for the deported. A people named after what was done to them.
אֲשֶׁ֣ר’ă·šerH834
√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative
הֶגְלָ֔הheḡ·lāhcarried awayH1540
√ gâlâh — to denude (especially in a disgraceful sense)VerbHifilPerfectthird person masculine singular
gâlâh: to denude, to uncover, especially in a disgraceful sense The root of exile is the root of exposure: one verb serves both for stripping a garment off a body and for stripping a nation off its land. It stands here in the Hiphil with Nebuchadnezzar as its subject, so the deportation is reported as something a named man did to them rather than as a fate that befell them. ⚙ Hebrew has no neutral word for what Babylon did, and this register, the flattest prose in the book, uses the shaming root twice in one verse, once as verb and once as the noun that names the people.
בָּבֶ֑לbā·ḇelto BabylonH894
√ Bâbel — Babel (iNounproperfeminine singular
נְבוּכַדְנֶצַּ֖רnə·ḇū·ḵaḏ·neṣ·ṣarby NebuchadnezzarH5019
√ Nᵉbûwkadneʼtstsar — Nebukadnetstsar (or -retstsar, or -retstsor), king of BabylonNounpropermasculine singular
מֶ֣לֶךְme·leḵ[its] kingH4428
√ melek — a kingNounmasculine singular construct
וַיָּשׁ֧וּבוּway·yā·šū·ḇūThey returnedH7725
√ shûwb — to turn back (hence, away) transitively or intransitively, literally or figuratively (not necessarily with the idea of return to the starting point)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine plural
shûwb: to turn back, transitively or intransitively The covenant word for repentance doing geographical work here. The same verb serves both senses throughout the prophets, and the register is the record of one of them.
לִֽירוּשָׁלִַ֛םlî·rū·šā·limto JerusalemH3389
√ Yᵉrûwshâlaim — Jerushalaim or Jerushalem, the capital city of PalestinePreposition-lNounproperfeminine singular
וְלִיהוּדָ֖הwə·lî·hū·ḏāhand JudahH3063
√ Yᵉhûwdâh — Jehudah (or Judah), the name of five IsraelitesConjunctive waw, Preposition-lNounpropermasculine singular
אִ֥ישׁ’îšeachH376
√ ʼîysh — a man as an individual or a male personNounmasculine singular
ʼîysh: a man as an individual The distributive that governs the list: not a people restored, but men restored one to his city.
לְעִירֽוֹ׃lə·‘î·rōwto his own townH5892
√ ʻîyr — a city (a place guarded by waking or a watch) in the widest sense (even of a mere encampment or post)Preposition-lNounfeminine singular constructthird person masculine singular
7

accompanied by Zerubbabel, Jeshua, Nehemiah, Azariah, Raamiah, Nahamani, Mordecai, Bilshan, Mispereth, Bigvai, Nehum, and Baanah. This is the count of the men of Israel:

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

hab·bā·’îm ‘im- zə·rub·bā·ḇel yê·šū·a‘ nə·ḥem·yāh ‘ă·zar·yāh ra·‘am·yāh na·ḥă·mā·nî mā·rə·do·ḵay bil·šān mis·pe·reṯ biḡ·way nə·ḥūm ba·‘ă·nāh mis·par ’an·šê ‘am yiś·rā·’êl

Word by word18 · parsed
הַבָּאִ֣יםhab·bā·’îmaccompaniedH935
√ bôwʼ — to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)ArticleVerbQalParticiplemasculine plural
bôwʼ: to go or come The participle keeps verse 6 running: these are still the ones going up, now identified by the company they came with.
עִם־‘im-byH5973
√ ʻim — adverb or preposition, with (iPreposition
זְרֻבָּבֶ֗לzə·rub·bā·ḇelZerubbabelH2216
√ Zᵉrubbâbel — Zerubbabel, an IsraeliteNounpropermasculine singular
יֵשׁ֡וּעַyê·šū·a‘JeshuaH3442
√ Yêshûwaʻ — Jeshua, the name of ten Israelites, also of a place in PalestineNounpropermasculine singular
נְחֶמְיָ֡הnə·ḥem·yāhNehemiahH5166
√ Nᵉchemyâh — Nechemjah, the name of three IsraelitesNounpropermasculine singular
Nᵉchemyâh: Nechemjah, the name of three Israelites Barnes records that some resolve the difficulty of this list by taking this Nehemiah as a person different from Nehemiah the governor. The lexicon itself allows it: the name belongs to three men.
עֲ֠זַרְיָה‘ă·zar·yāhAzariahH5838
√ ʻĂzaryâh — Azarjah, the name of nineteen IsraelitesNounpropermasculine singular
רַֽעַמְיָ֨הra·‘am·yāhRaamiahH7485
√ Raʻamyâh — Raamjah, an IsraeliteNounpropermasculine singular
נַחֲמָ֜נִיna·ḥă·mā·nîNahamaniH5167
√ Nachămânîy — Nachamani, an IsraeliteNounpropermasculine singular
מָרְדֳּכַ֥יmā·rə·do·ḵayMordecaiH4782
√ Mordᵉkay — Mordecai, an IsraeliteNounpropermasculine singular
בִּלְשָׁ֛ןbil·šānBilshanH1114
√ Bilshân — Bilshan, an IsraeliteNounpropermasculine singular
מִסְפֶּ֥רֶתmis·pe·reṯMisperethH4559
√ Miçpereth — Mispereth, an IsraeliteNounpropermasculine singular
בִּגְוַ֖יbiḡ·wayBigvaiH902
√ Bigvay — Bigvai, an IsraeliteNounpropermasculine singular
נְח֣וּםnə·ḥūmNehumH5149
√ Nᵉchûwm — Nechum, an IsraeliteNounpropermasculine singular
בַּעֲנָ֑הba·‘ă·nāhand BaanahH1196
√ Baʻănâh — Baanah, the name of four IsraelitesNounpropermasculine singular
מִסְפַּ֕רmis·par[This is] the countH4557
√ miçpâr — a number, definite (arithmetical) or indefinite (large, innumerableNounmasculine singular construct
miçpâr: a number, definite or indefinite The heading of the register. Everything after it is arithmetic performed on households.
אַנְשֵׁ֖י’an·šêof the menH582
√ ʼĕnôwsh — a man in general (singly or collectively)Nounmasculine plural construct
עַ֥ם‘am. . .H5971
√ ʻam — a people (as a congregated unit)Nounmasculine singular construct
יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃סyiś·rā·’êlof IsraelH3478
√ Yisrâʼêl — Jisrael, a symbolical name of JacobNounpropermasculine singular
Yisrâʼêl: a symbolical name of Jacob The last word before the list begins, and the largest claim in it: this handful from a Persian province is called by the name given to the patriarch.
8

the descendants of Parosh, 2,172;

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bə·nê p̄ar·‘ōš ’al·pa·yim mê·’āh wə·šiḇ·‘îm ū·šə·nā·yim

Word by word6 · parsed
בְּנֵ֣יbə·nêthe descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
bên: a son, as a builder of the family name The repeated heading of the register, and not a neutral word. The family is conceived as a structure and each son as masonry in it, which is why a man who cannot show his line in verse 64 is treated as having no standing at all.
פַרְעֹ֔שׁp̄ar·‘ōšof ParoshH6551
√ Parʻôsh — Parosh, the name of our IsraeliteNounpropermasculine singular
אַלְפַּ֕יִם’al·pa·yim2,172H505
√ ʼeleph — hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousandNumbermd
ʼeleph: a thousand (from the ox's head, the first letter, used as a numeral) The largest counting unit available, and the reason these figures are stacked rather than written out.
מֵאָ֖הmê·’āh. . .H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfeminine singular
וְשִׁבְעִ֥יםwə·šiḇ·‘îm. . .H7657
√ shibʻîym — seventyConjunctive wawNumbercommon plural
וּשְׁנָֽיִם׃סū·šə·nā·yim. . .H8147
√ shᵉnayim — twoConjunctive wawNumbermd
9

the descendants of Shephatiah, 372;

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bə·nê šə·p̄aṭ·yāh šə·lōš mê·’ō·wṯ šiḇ·‘îm ū·šə·nā·yim

Word by word6 · parsed
בְּנֵ֣יbə·nêthe descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
שְׁפַטְיָ֔הšə·p̄aṭ·yāhof ShephatiahH8203
√ Shᵉphaṭyâh — Shephatjah, the name of ten IsraelitesNounpropermasculine singular
Shᵉphaṭyâh: Shephatjah, the name of ten Israelites One of the theophoric names that recur through the register. The list is not only an inventory of bodies; it is a page of confessions carried in family names out of Babylon and back.
שְׁלֹ֥שׁšə·lōš372H7969
√ shâlôwsh — threeNumberfeminine singular construct
מֵא֖וֹתmê·’ō·wṯ. . .H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfeminine plural
mêʼâh: a hundred Counted as a plural noun, not written as a cipher.
שִׁבְעִ֥יםšiḇ·‘îm. . .H7657
√ shibʻîym — seventyNumbercommon plural
וּשְׁנָֽיִם׃סū·šə·nā·yim. . .H8147
√ shᵉnayim — twoConjunctive wawNumbermd
10

the descendants of Arah, 652;

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bə·nê ’ā·raḥ šêš mê·’ō·wṯ ḥă·miš·šîm ū·šə·nā·yim

Word by word6 · parsed
בְּנֵ֣יbə·nêthe descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
אָרַ֔ח’ā·raḥof ArahH733
√ ʼÂrach — Arach, the name of three IsraelitesNounpropermasculine singular
ʼÂrach: Arach, the name of three Israelites A family name with no divine element and no story attached in this book, entered on exactly the same terms as the priestly houses. The register does not rank what it records.
שֵׁ֥שׁšêš652H8337
√ shêsh — six (as an overplus beyond five or the fingers of the hand)Numberfeminine singular construct
מֵא֖וֹתmê·’ō·wṯ. . .H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfeminine plural
חֲמִשִּׁ֥יםḥă·miš·šîm. . .H2572
√ chămishshîym — fiftyNumbercommon plural
chămishshîym: fifty A plural form of the word for five; Hebrew builds its tens off its units.
וּשְׁנָֽיִם׃סū·šə·nā·yim. . .H8147
√ shᵉnayim — twoConjunctive wawNumbermd
11

the descendants of Pahath-moab (through the line of Jeshua and Joab), 2,818;

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bə·nê- p̄a·ḥaṯ mō·w·’āḇ liḇ·nê yê·šū·a‘ wə·yō·w·’āḇ ’al·pa·yim ū·šə·mō·neh mê·’ō·wṯ šə·mō·nāh ‘ā·śār

Word by word11 · parsed
בְּנֵֽי־bə·nê-the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
פַחַ֥תp̄a·ḥaṯvvvH6355
√ Pachath Môwʼâb — Pachath-Moab, an Israelite
מוֹאָ֛בmō·w·’āḇof Pahath-moabH6355
√ Pachath Môwʼâb — Pachath-Moab, an IsraeliteNounpropermasculine singular
Pachath Môwʼâb: Pachath-Moab, an Israelite The largest lay family in the register carries a name compounded of the word for a prefect and the name of Moab. Whatever its origin, Israel brought the name home from exile unchanged and wrote it into the roll of the returned without apology.
לִבְנֵ֥יliḇ·nêthrough the lineH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcPreposition-lNounmasculine plural construct
יֵשׁ֖וּעַyê·šū·a‘of JeshuaH3442
√ Yêshûwaʻ — Jeshua, the name of ten Israelites, also of a place in PalestineNounpropermasculine singular
Yêshûwaʻ: Jeshua, the name of ten Israelites The name appears three times in this unit: here as a sub-branch of a lay family, at verse 39 as a priestly house, and at verse 43 among the Levites. It is the short form of Joshua, and the lexicon counts ten men who bore it.
וְיוֹאָ֑בwə·yō·w·’āḇand JoabH3097
√ Yôwʼâb — Joab, the name of three IsraelitesConjunctive wawNounpropermasculine singular
אַלְפַּ֕יִם’al·pa·yim2,818H505
√ ʼeleph — hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousandNumbermd
וּשְׁמֹנֶ֥הū·šə·mō·neh. . .H8083
√ shᵉmôneh — a cardinal number, eight (as if a surplus above the 'perfect' seven)Conjunctive wawNumberfeminine singular
מֵא֖וֹתmê·’ō·wṯ. . .H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfeminine plural
שְׁמֹנָ֥הšə·mō·nāh. . .H8083
√ shᵉmôneh — a cardinal number, eight (as if a surplus above the 'perfect' seven)Numbermasculine singular
עָשָֽׂר׃ס‘ā·śār. . .H6240
√ ʻâsâr — ten (only in combination), iNumbermasculine singular
12

the descendants of Elam, 1,254;

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bə·nê ‘ê·lām ’e·lep̄ mā·ṯa·yim ḥă·miš·šîm wə·’ar·bā·‘āh

Word by word6 · parsed
בְּנֵ֣יbə·nêthe descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
עֵילָ֔ם‘ê·lāmof ElamH5867
√ ʻÊylâm — Elam, a son of Shem and his descendants, with their countryNounpropermasculine singular
ʻÊylâm: Elam, a son of Shem and his descendants, with their country Two entries in this list, verses 12 and 34, give the same name and the same figure of 1,254. Gill's general explanation for divergence between the Ezra and Nehemiah lists does not touch this internal doubling, and the brief records no commentator who accounts for it.
אֶ֕לֶף’e·lep̄1,254H505
√ ʼeleph — hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousandNumbermasculine singular
ʼeleph: a thousand In the singular here, against the dual in verses 8 and 11.
מָאתַ֖יִםmā·ṯa·yim. . .H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfd
חֲמִשִּׁ֥יםḥă·miš·šîm. . .H2572
√ chămishshîym — fiftyNumbercommon plural
וְאַרְבָּעָֽה׃סwə·’ar·bā·‘āh. . .H702
√ ʼarbaʻ — fourConjunctive wawNumbermasculine singular
13

the descendants of Zattu, 845;

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bə·nê zat·tū šə·mō·neh mê·’ō·wṯ ’ar·bā·‘îm wa·ḥă·miš·šāh

Word by word6 · parsed
בְּנֵ֣יbə·nêthe descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
זַתּ֔וּאzat·tūof ZattuH2240
√ Zattûwʼ — Zattu, an IsraeliteNounpropermasculine singular
Zattûwʼ: Zattu, an Israelite A name the lexicon can define no further than by the man who bore it. Much of this chapter is names of that kind: the register preserves what nobody could otherwise explain.
שְׁמֹנֶ֥הšə·mō·neh845H8083
√ shᵉmôneh — a cardinal number, eight (as if a surplus above the 'perfect' seven)Numberfeminine singular
shᵉmôneh: eight, as if a surplus above the perfect seven The Hebrew numeral system carries a residue of its own symbolism even when it is only counting heads.
מֵא֖וֹתmê·’ō·wṯ. . .H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfeminine plural
אַרְבָּעִ֥ים’ar·bā·‘îm. . .H705
√ ʼarbâʻîym — fortyNumbercommon plural
וַחֲמִשָּֽׁה׃סwa·ḥă·miš·šāh. . .H2568
√ châmêsh — fiveConjunctive wawNumbermasculine singular
14

the descendants of Zaccai, 760;

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bə·nê zak·kāy šə·ḇa‘ mê·’ō·wṯ wə·šiš·šîm

Word by word5 · parsed
בְּנֵ֣יbə·nêthe descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
זַכָּ֔יzak·kāyof ZaccaiH2140
√ Zakkay — Zakkai, an IsraeliteNounpropermasculine singular
שְׁבַ֥עšə·ḇa‘760H7651
√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Numberfeminine singular construct
shebaʻ: seven, as the sacred full one The lexicon's own gloss is theological, and it is worth registering that Hebrew's word for the number carries the idea of completeness even in a tax roll.
מֵא֖וֹתmê·’ō·wṯ. . .H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfeminine plural
וְשִׁשִּֽׁים׃סwə·šiš·šîm. . .H8346
√ shishshîym — sixtyConjunctive wawNumbercommon plural
shishshîym: sixty A round total, one of several in the register that end without units.
15

the descendants of Binnui, 648;

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bə·nê ḇin·nui šêš mê·’ō·wṯ ’ar·bā·‘îm ū·šə·mō·nāh

Word by word6 · parsed
בְּנֵ֣יbə·nêthe descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
בִנּ֔וּיḇin·nuiof BinnuiH1131
√ Binnûwy — Binnui, an IsraeliteNounpropermasculine singular
Binnûwy: Binnui, an Israelite One of the places where this register and Ezra's differ by more than spelling. Cambridge treats Bani as original and Binnui as the variant; Gill's general rule, that difference of names may be owing to the carelessness of copiers or to some men having two names, would cover it either way.
שֵׁ֥שׁšêš648H8337
√ shêsh — six (as an overplus beyond five or the fingers of the hand)Numberfeminine singular construct
מֵא֖וֹתmê·’ō·wṯ. . .H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfeminine plural
אַרְבָּעִ֥ים’ar·bā·‘îm. . .H705
√ ʼarbâʻîym — fortyNumbercommon plural
ʼarbâʻîym: forty The plural of four.
וּשְׁמֹנָֽה׃סū·šə·mō·nāh. . .H8083
√ shᵉmôneh — a cardinal number, eight (as if a surplus above the 'perfect' seven)Conjunctive wawNumbermasculine singular
16

the descendants of Bebai, 628;

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bə·nê ḇê·ḇāy šêš mê·’ō·wṯ ‘eś·rîm ū·šə·mō·nāh

Word by word6 · parsed
בְּנֵ֣יbə·nêthe descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
bên: a son, a builder of the family name Repeated here for the ninth time in nine verses. The monotony is the argument: no household is described, praised or ranked, and each gets the same three-part line.
בֵבָ֔יḇê·ḇāyof BebaiH893
√ Bêbay — Bebai, an IsraeliteNounpropermasculine singular
שֵׁ֥שׁšêš628H8337
√ shêsh — six (as an overplus beyond five or the fingers of the hand)Numberfeminine singular construct
shêsh: six, an overplus beyond the fingers of the hand In construct with the plural hundreds.
מֵא֖וֹתmê·’ō·wṯ. . .H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfeminine plural
עֶשְׂרִ֥ים‘eś·rîm. . .H6242
√ ʻesrîym — twentyNumbercommon plural
וּשְׁמֹנָֽה׃סū·šə·mō·nāh. . .H8083
√ shᵉmôneh — a cardinal number, eight (as if a surplus above the 'perfect' seven)Conjunctive wawNumbermasculine singular
17

the descendants of Azgad, 2,322;

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bə·nê ‘az·gāḏ ’al·pa·yim šə·lōš mê·’ō·wṯ ‘eś·rîm ū·šə·nā·yim

Word by word7 · parsed
בְּנֵ֣יbə·nêthe descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
עַזְגָּ֔ד‘az·gāḏof AzgadH5803
√ ʻAzgâd — Azgad, an IsraeliteNounpropermasculine singular
אַלְפַּ֕יִם’al·pa·yim2,322H505
√ ʼeleph — hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousandNumbermd
ʼeleph: a thousand, from the ox's head as the first letter of the alphabet The dual form here. The lexicon's derivation records that the numeral and the letter aleph share an origin in a pictured ox, so the largest number in the register is written with the sign of a working animal.
שְׁלֹ֥שׁšə·lōš. . .H7969
√ shâlôwsh — threeNumberfeminine singular construct
מֵא֖וֹתmê·’ō·wṯ. . .H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfeminine plural
עֶשְׂרִ֥ים‘eś·rîm. . .H6242
√ ʻesrîym — twentyNumbercommon plural
ʻesrîym: twenty A function word in this verse; no more need be said of it.
וּשְׁנָֽיִם׃סū·šə·nā·yim. . .H8147
√ shᵉnayim — twoConjunctive wawNumbermd
18

the descendants of Adonikam, 667;

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bə·nê ’ă·ḏō·nî·qām šêš mê·’ō·wṯ šiš·šîm wə·šiḇ·‘āh

Word by word6 · parsed
בְּנֵי֙bə·nêthe descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
אֲדֹ֣נִיקָ֔ם’ă·ḏō·nî·qāmof AdonikamH140
√ ʼĂdônîyqâm — Adonikam, the name of one or two IsraelitesNounpropermasculine singular
ʼĂdônîyqâm: Adonikam, the name of one or two Israelites A theophoric compound of the word for lord with the verb to rise. The register is full of such names, and they function as a layer of confession carried through the exile by families who could not carry anything else.
שֵׁ֥שׁšêš667H8337
√ shêsh — six (as an overplus beyond five or the fingers of the hand)Numberfeminine singular construct
מֵא֖וֹתmê·’ō·wṯ. . .H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfeminine plural
mêʼâh: a hundred In the plural, governed by the construct six.
שִׁשִּׁ֥יםšiš·šîm. . .H8346
√ shishshîym — sixtyNumbercommon plural
וְשִׁבְעָֽה׃סwə·šiḇ·‘āh. . .H7651
√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Conjunctive wawNumbermasculine singular
19

the descendants of Bigvai, 2,067;

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bə·nê ḇiḡ·wāy ’al·pa·yim šiš·šîm wə·šiḇ·‘āh

Word by word5 · parsed
בְּנֵ֣יbə·nêthe descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
בִגְוָ֔יḇiḡ·wāyof BigvaiH902
√ Bigvay — Bigvai, an IsraeliteNounpropermasculine singular
Bigvay: Bigvai, an Israelite Listed here as a family and at 7:7 as one of the twelve who came up with Zerubbabel. Which relation the compiler intended is not stated, and the brief's commentators do not say.
אַלְפַּ֖יִם’al·pa·yim2,067H505
√ ʼeleph — hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousandNumbermd
שִׁשִּׁ֥יםšiš·šîm. . .H8346
√ shishshîym — sixtyNumbercommon plural
shishshîym: sixty Function word.
וְשִׁבְעָֽה׃סwə·šiḇ·‘āh. . .H7651
√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Conjunctive wawNumbermasculine singular
20

the descendants of Adin, 655;

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bə·nê ‘ā·ḏîn šêš mê·’ō·wṯ ḥă·miš·šîm wa·ḥă·miš·šāh

Word by word6 · parsed
בְּנֵ֣יbə·nêthe descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
bên: a son, as a builder of the family name Function-level repetition here; the weight of the word was set out at verse 8.
עָדִ֔ין‘ā·ḏînof AdinH5720
√ ʻÂdîyn — Adin, the name of two IsraelitesNounpropermasculine singular
שֵׁ֥שׁšêš655H8337
√ shêsh — six (as an overplus beyond five or the fingers of the hand)Numberfeminine singular construct
shêsh: six Construct before hundreds.
מֵא֖וֹתmê·’ō·wṯ. . .H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfeminine plural
חֲמִשִּׁ֥יםḥă·miš·šîm. . .H2572
√ chămishshîym — fiftyNumbercommon plural
וַחֲמִשָּֽׁה׃סwa·ḥă·miš·šāh. . .H2568
√ châmêsh — fiveConjunctive wawNumbermasculine singular
21

the descendants of Ater (through Hezekiah), 98;

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bə·nê- ’ā·ṭêr lə·ḥiz·qî·yāh tiš·‘îm ū·šə·mō·nāh

Word by word5 · parsed
בְּנֵֽי־bə·nê-the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
אָטֵ֥ר’ā·ṭêrof AterH333
√ ʼÂṭêr — Ater, the name of three IsraelitesNounpropermasculine singular
ʼÂṭêr: Ater, the name of three Israelites The name recurs at verse 45 among the gatekeepers. The register uses no device to distinguish the two houses, which is one reason the parallel in Ezra is useful as a check.
לְחִזְקִיָּ֖הlə·ḥiz·qî·yāhthrough HezekiahH2396
√ Chizqîyâh — Chizkijah, a king of Judah, also the name of two other IsraelitesPreposition-lNounpropermasculine singular
Chizqîyâh: Chizkijah, a king of Judah, also the name of two other Israelites The name of the reforming king used here as a family qualifier. The lexicon is careful that the name belonged to two other Israelites as well, so the register is not claiming royal descent, and neither is this note.
תִּשְׁעִ֥יםtiš·‘îm98H8673
√ tishʻîym — ninetyNumbercommon plural
וּשְׁמֹנָֽה׃סū·šə·mō·nāh. . .H8083
√ shᵉmôneh — a cardinal number, eight (as if a surplus above the 'perfect' seven)Conjunctive wawNumbermasculine singular
22

the descendants of Hashum, 328;

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bə·nê ḥā·šum šə·lōš mê·’ō·wṯ ‘eś·rîm ū·šə·mō·nāh

Word by word6 · parsed
בְּנֵ֣יbə·nêthe descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
חָשֻׁ֔םḥā·šumof HashumH2828
√ Châshum — Chashum, the name of two or three IsraelitesNounpropermasculine singular
Châshum: Chashum, the name of two or three Israelites Cambridge notes that Ezra's order here is Ater, Bezai, Jorah, Hashum, against this list's Ater, Hashum, Bezai, Hariph. The same four households, differently sequenced in two copies of one document.
שְׁלֹ֥שׁšə·lōš328H7969
√ shâlôwsh — threeNumberfeminine singular construct
מֵא֖וֹתmê·’ō·wṯ. . .H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfeminine plural
עֶשְׂרִ֥ים‘eś·rîm. . .H6242
√ ʻesrîym — twentyNumbercommon plural
ʻesrîym: twenty Function word.
וּשְׁמֹנָֽה׃סū·šə·mō·nāh. . .H8083
√ shᵉmôneh — a cardinal number, eight (as if a surplus above the 'perfect' seven)Conjunctive wawNumbermasculine singular
23

the descendants of Bezai, 324;

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bə·nê ḇê·ṣāy šə·lōš mê·’ō·wṯ ‘eś·rîm wə·’ar·bā·‘āh

Word by word6 · parsed
בְּנֵ֣יbə·nêthe descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
bên: a son, a builder of the family name The formula continues unchanged; from verse 26 the compiler will swap it for men of, and the second slot will stop being a father and become a town.
בֵצָ֔יḇê·ṣāyof BezaiH1209
√ Bêtsay — Betsai, the name of two IsraelitesNounpropermasculine singular
שְׁלֹ֥שׁšə·lōš324H7969
√ shâlôwsh — threeNumberfeminine singular construct
מֵא֖וֹתmê·’ō·wṯ. . .H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfeminine plural
mêʼâh: a hundred Plural, counted.
עֶשְׂרִ֥ים‘eś·rîm. . .H6242
√ ʻesrîym — twentyNumbercommon plural
וְאַרְבָּעָֽה׃סwə·’ar·bā·‘āh. . .H702
√ ʼarbaʻ — fourConjunctive wawNumbermasculine singular
24

the descendants of Hariph, 112;

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bə·nê ḥā·rîp̄ mê·’āh šə·nêm ‘ā·śār

Word by word5 · parsed
בְּנֵ֣יbə·nêthe descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
חָרִ֔יףḥā·rîp̄of HariphH2756
√ Chârîyph — Chariph, the name of two IsraelitesNounpropermasculine singular
Chârîyph: Chariph, the name of two Israelites One of the clearest cases of a genuine name variant between this register and Ezra's, since Jorah and Hariph are not variant spellings of one word. JFB's double-name explanation and Gill's copyist explanation both remain live; the brief does not decide.
מֵאָ֖הmê·’āh112H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfeminine singular
mêʼâh: a hundred Singular here, since it stands alone before the compound numeral.
שְׁנֵ֥יםšə·nêm. . .H8147
√ shᵉnayim — twoNumbermd
עָשָֽׂר׃ס‘ā·śār. . .H6240
√ ʻâsâr — ten (only in combination), iNumbermasculine singular
25

the descendants of Gibeon, 95;

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bə·nê ḡiḇ·‘ō·wn tiš·‘îm wa·ḥă·miš·šāh

Word by word4 · parsed
בְּנֵ֥יbə·nêthe descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
bên: a son, a builder of the family name Here the word is used of a town's inhabitants rather than a man's descendants, the first time in the unit that the formula strains. Geneva's marginal note exists precisely because the Hebrew idiom does not translate itself.
גִבְע֖וֹןḡiḇ·‘ō·wnof GibeonH1391
√ Gibʻôwn — Gibon, a place in PalestineNounproperfeminine singular
Gibʻôwn: Gibon, a place in Palestine The town whose men once obtained a covenant from Joshua by pretending to come from a far country, and whose descendants were made servants of the sanctuary. Ninety-five of them are on this roll, entered on the same line as everyone else.
תִּשְׁעִ֥יםtiš·‘îm95H8673
√ tishʻîym — ninetyNumbercommon plural
וַחֲמִשָּֽׁה׃סwa·ḥă·miš·šāh. . .H2568
√ châmêsh — fiveConjunctive wawNumbermasculine singular
26

the men of Bethlehem and Netophah, 188;

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

’an·šê ḇêṯ- le·ḥem ū·nə·ṭō·p̄āh mê·’āh šə·mō·nîm ū·šə·mō·nāh

Word by word7 · parsed
אַנְשֵׁ֤י’an·šêthe menH582
√ ʼĕnôwsh — a man in general (singly or collectively)Nounmasculine plural construct
ʼĕnôwsh: a man in general, singly or collectively A different word from the אִישׁ of verse 6, and the one Hebrew uses for men as a body. From here the register counts places as well as pedigrees, which is exactly the double information Poole said the census was gathering.
בֵֽית־ḇêṯ-ofH1035
√ Bêyth Lechem — Beth-Lechem, a place in PalestinePreposition
לֶ֙חֶם֙le·ḥemBethlehemH1035
√ Bêyth Lechem — Beth-Lechem, a place in PalestineNounproperfeminine singular
Bêyth Lechem: Beth-Lechem, a place in Palestine A hundred and eighty-eight men of Bethlehem and Netophah together. The town that carries the largest weight in later Scripture is entered in the middle of the list with no distinction of any kind.
וּנְטֹפָ֔הū·nə·ṭō·p̄āhand NetophahH5199
√ Nᵉṭôphâh — Netophah, a place in PalestineConjunctive wawNounproperfeminine singular
מֵאָ֖הmê·’āh188H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfeminine singular
שְׁמֹנִ֥יםšə·mō·nîm. . .H8084
√ shᵉmônîym — eighty, also eightiethNumbercommon plural
וּשְׁמֹנָֽה׃סū·šə·mō·nāh. . .H8083
√ shᵉmôneh — a cardinal number, eight (as if a surplus above the 'perfect' seven)Conjunctive wawNumbermasculine singular
27

the men of Anathoth, 128;

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

’an·šê ‘ă·nā·ṯō·wṯ mê·’āh ‘eś·rîm ū·šə·mō·nāh

Word by word5 · parsed
אַנְשֵׁ֣י’an·šêthe menH582
√ ʼĕnôwsh — a man in general (singly or collectively)Nounmasculine plural construct
ʼĕnôwsh: a man in general The town heading, continued from verse 26.
עֲנָת֔וֹת‘ă·nā·ṯō·wṯof AnathothH6068
√ ʻĂnâthôwth — Anathoth, the name of two Israelites, also of a place in PalNounproper
ʻĂnâthôwth: Anathoth, the name of two Israelites, also of a place The priestly town of Benjamin. A hundred and twenty-eight of its men returned, and the register gives them a line identical to every other line.
מֵאָ֖הmê·’āh128H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfeminine singular
עֶשְׂרִ֥ים‘eś·rîm. . .H6242
√ ʻesrîym — twentyNumbercommon plural
וּשְׁמֹנָֽה׃סū·šə·mō·nāh. . .H8083
√ shᵉmôneh — a cardinal number, eight (as if a surplus above the 'perfect' seven)Conjunctive wawNumbermasculine singular
28

the men of Beth-azmaveth, 42;

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

’an·šê ḇêṯ- ‘az·mā·weṯ ’ar·bā·‘îm ū·šə·nā·yim

Word by word5 · parsed
אַנְשֵׁ֥י’an·šêthe menH582
√ ʼĕnôwsh — a man in general (singly or collectively)Nounmasculine plural construct
בֵית־ḇêṯ-vvvH1041
√ Bêyth ʻAzmâveth — house of Azmaveth, a place in PalestinePreposition
עַזְמָ֖וֶת‘az·mā·weṯof Beth-azmavethH1041
√ Bêyth ʻAzmâveth — house of Azmaveth, a place in PalestineNounproperfeminine singular
Bêyth ʻAzmâveth: house of Azmaveth, a place in Palestine The whole place sends forty-two men. The register makes no comment, and the absence of comment is the register's method: it does not distinguish a viable town from a remnant.
אַרְבָּעִ֥ים’ar·bā·‘îm42H705
√ ʼarbâʻîym — fortyNumbercommon plural
וּשְׁנָֽיִם׃סū·šə·nā·yim. . .H8147
√ shᵉnayim — twoConjunctive wawNumbermd
shᵉnayim: two Function word, in the dual form.
29

the men of Kiriath-jearim, Chephirah, and Beeroth, 743;

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

’an·šê qir·yaṯ yə·‘ā·rîm kə·p̄î·rāh ū·ḇə·’ê·rō·wṯ šə·ḇa‘ mê·’ō·wṯ ’ar·bā·‘îm ū·šə·lō·šāh

Word by word9 · parsed
אַנְשֵׁ֨י’an·šêthe menH582
√ ʼĕnôwsh — a man in general (singly or collectively)Nounmasculine plural construct
ʼĕnôwsh: a man in general, singly or collectively Town heading.
קִרְיַ֤תqir·yaṯvvvH7157
√ Qiryath Yᵉʻârîym — Kirjath-Jearim or Kirjath-Arim, a place in Palestine
יְעָרִים֙yə·‘ā·rîmof Kiriath-jearimH7157
√ Qiryath Yᵉʻârîym — Kirjath-Jearim or Kirjath-Arim, a place in PalestineNounproperfeminine singular
Qiryath Yᵉʻârîym: Kirjath-Jearim or Kirjath-Arim, a place in Palestine One of the four towns of the Gibeonite confederacy, grouped here with Chephirah and Beeroth; the fourth, Gibeon itself, has its own entry four verses earlier at 7:25. The register preserves an alliance older than the monarchy by the simple fact of counting three of the four together, and says nothing about it.
כְּפִירָ֣הkə·p̄î·rāhChephirahH3716
√ Kᵉphîyrâh — Kephirah, a place in PalestineNounproperfeminine singular
וּבְאֵר֔וֹתū·ḇə·’ê·rō·wṯand BeerothH881
√ Bᵉʼêrôwth — Beeroth, a place in PalestineConjunctive wawNounproperfeminine singular
שְׁבַ֥עšə·ḇa‘743H7651
√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Numberfeminine singular construct
מֵא֖וֹתmê·’ō·wṯ. . .H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfeminine plural
אַרְבָּעִ֥ים’ar·bā·‘îm. . .H705
√ ʼarbâʻîym — fortyNumbercommon plural
וּשְׁלֹשָֽׁה׃סū·šə·lō·šāh. . .H7969
√ shâlôwsh — threeConjunctive wawNumbermasculine singular
30

the men of Ramah and Geba, 621;

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

’an·šê hā·rā·māh wā·ḡā·ḇa‘ šêš mê·’ō·wṯ ‘eś·rîm wə·’e·ḥāḏ

Word by word7 · parsed
אַנְשֵׁ֤י’an·šêthe menH582
√ ʼĕnôwsh — a man in general (singly or collectively)Nounmasculine plural construct
הָֽרָמָה֙hā·rā·māhof RamahH7414
√ Râmâh — Ramah, the name of four places in PalestineArticleNounproperfeminine singular
Râmâh: Ramah, the name of four places in Palestine The article marks it as still felt to be a description. Four places bore the name, and nothing in this line says which, which is the ordinary condition of the register.
וָגָ֔בַעwā·ḡā·ḇa‘and GebaH1387
√ Gebaʻ — Geba, a place in PalestineConjunctive wawNounproperfeminine singular
שֵׁ֥שׁšêš621H8337
√ shêsh — six (as an overplus beyond five or the fingers of the hand)Numberfeminine singular construct
מֵא֖וֹתmê·’ō·wṯ. . .H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfeminine plural
עֶשְׂרִ֥ים‘eś·rîm. . .H6242
√ ʻesrîym — twentyNumbercommon plural
וְאֶחָֽד׃סwə·’e·ḥāḏ. . .H259
√ ʼechâd — properly, united, iConjunctive wawNumbermasculine singular
ʼechâd: properly united, one Hebrew's numeral one is built on a root of unity rather than of singularity, and it will return in verse 66 as כְּאֶחָד, the whole assembly as one.
31

the men of Michmash, 122;

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

’an·šê miḵ·mās mê·’āh wə·‘eś·rîm ū·šə·nā·yim

Word by word5 · parsed
אַנְשֵׁ֣י’an·šêthe menH582
√ ʼĕnôwsh — a man in general (singly or collectively)Nounmasculine plural construct
מִכְמָ֔סmiḵ·māsof MichmashH4363
√ Mikmâç — Mikmas or Mikmash, a place in PalestineNounproperfeminine singular
Mikmâç: Mikmas or Mikmash, a place in Palestine The pass where Jonathan once climbed against a Philistine garrison. The register records a hundred and twenty-two men from it and no history.
מֵאָ֖הmê·’āh122H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfeminine singular
mêʼâh: a hundred Function word in this line.
וְעֶשְׂרִ֥יםwə·‘eś·rîm. . .H6242
√ ʻesrîym — twentyConjunctive wawNumbercommon plural
וּשְׁנָֽיִם׃סū·šə·nā·yim. . .H8147
√ shᵉnayim — twoConjunctive wawNumbermd
32

the men of Bethel and Ai, 123;

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

’an·šê ḇêṯ- ’êl wə·hā·‘āy mê·’āh ‘eś·rîm ū·šə·lō·šāh

Word by word7 · parsed
אַנְשֵׁ֤י’an·šêthe menH582
√ ʼĕnôwsh — a man in general (singly or collectively)Nounmasculine plural construct
בֵֽית־ḇêṯ-ofH1008
√ Bêyth-ʼÊl — Beth-El, a place in PalestinePreposition
אֵל֙’êlBethelH1008
√ Bêyth-ʼÊl — Beth-El, a place in PalestineNounproperfeminine singular
Bêyth-ʼÊl: Beth-El, a place in Palestine House of God, the sanctuary of Jacob's stone and later of Jeroboam's calf, now a line item of a hundred and twenty-three men shared with its neighbour. The register's flatness is doing something here that comment could only weaken.
וְהָעָ֔יwə·hā·‘āyand AiH5857
√ ʻAy — Ai, Aja or Ajath, a place in PalestineConjunctive waw, ArticleNounproperfeminine singular
ʻAy: Ai, Aja or Ajath, a place in Palestine The definite article is standard with this name, which is itself the word for a heap of ruins.
מֵאָ֖הmê·’āh123H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfeminine singular
עֶשְׂרִ֥ים‘eś·rîm. . .H6242
√ ʻesrîym — twentyNumbercommon plural
וּשְׁלֹשָֽׁה׃סū·šə·lō·šāh. . .H7969
√ shâlôwsh — threeConjunctive wawNumbermasculine singular
33

the men of the other Nebo, 52;

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

’an·šê ’a·ḥêr nə·ḇōw ḥă·miš·šîm ū·šə·nā·yim

Word by word5 · parsed
אַנְשֵׁ֥י’an·šêthe menH582
√ ʼĕnôwsh — a man in general (singly or collectively)Nounmasculine plural construct
אַחֵ֖ר’a·ḥêrof the otherH312
√ ʼachêr — properly, hinderAdjectivemasculine singular
ʼachêr: properly hinder, hence other The single most suspect word in this unit. Two independent witnesses in the brief, Pulpit and Cambridge, regard it as a copyist's repetition from the next verse; Ezra reads simply the children of Nebo. The Hebrew before us keeps it, and this synthesis keeps it too, flagged.
נְב֛וֹnə·ḇōwNeboH5015
√ Nᵉbôw — Nebo, the name of a Babylonian deity, also of a mountain in Moab, and of a place in PalestineNounproperfeminine singular
Nᵉbôw: Nebo, the name of a Babylonian deity, also of a mountain in Moab, and of a place in Palestine The lexicon lists the deity first. Fifty-two men are entered under it without qualification.
חֲמִשִּׁ֥יםḥă·miš·šîm52H2572
√ chămishshîym — fiftyNumbercommon plural
וּשְׁנָֽיִם׃סū·šə·nā·yim. . .H8147
√ shᵉnayim — twoConjunctive wawNumbermd
34

the descendants of the other Elam, 1,254;

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bə·nê ’a·ḥêr ‘ê·lām ’e·lep̄ mā·ṯa·yim ḥă·miš·šîm wə·’ar·bā·‘āh

Word by word7 · parsed
בְּנֵי֙bə·nêthe descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
אַחֵ֔ר’a·ḥêrof the otherH312
√ ʼachêr — properly, hinderAdjectivemasculine singular
ʼachêr: properly hinder, hence other Used here legitimately, to distinguish a second house from the one at verse 12. Its presence here is also what Pulpit and Cambridge think produced the intrusive other at verse 33.
עֵילָ֣ם‘ê·lāmElamH5867
√ ʻÊylâm — Elam, a son of Shem and his descendants, with their countryNounproperfeminine singular
אֶ֕לֶף’e·lep̄1,254H505
√ ʼeleph — hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousandNumbermasculine singular
ʼeleph: a thousand The figure is identical to verse 12 in every term. Gill's account of the differences between the Ezra and Nehemiah lists does not address this repetition inside a single list, and the brief records no explanation of it.
מָאתַ֖יִםmā·ṯa·yim. . .H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfd
חֲמִשִּׁ֥יםḥă·miš·šîm. . .H2572
√ chămishshîym — fiftyNumbercommon plural
וְאַרְבָּעָֽה׃סwə·’ar·bā·‘āh. . .H702
√ ʼarbaʻ — fourConjunctive wawNumbermasculine singular
35

the descendants of Harim, 320;

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bə·nê ḥā·rim šə·lōš mê·’ō·wṯ wə·‘eś·rîm

Word by word5 · parsed
בְּנֵ֣יbə·nêthe descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
חָרִ֔םḥā·rimof HarimH2766
√ Chârim — Charim, an IsraeliteNounproperfeminine singular
Chârim: Charim, an Israelite The name occurs twice in this unit, at verse 35 among the lay families and at verse 42 among the priests, with different totals. Both entries are kept; the register does not cross-reference itself.
שְׁלֹ֥שׁšə·lōš320H7969
√ shâlôwsh — threeNumberfeminine singular construct
shâlôwsh: three Feminine construct before hundreds.
מֵא֖וֹתmê·’ō·wṯ. . .H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfeminine plural
וְעֶשְׂרִֽים׃סwə·‘eś·rîm. . .H6242
√ ʻesrîym — twentyConjunctive wawNumbercommon plural
36

the men of Jericho, 345;

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bə·nê yə·rê·ḥōw šə·lōš mê·’ō·wṯ ’ar·bā·‘îm wa·ḥă·miš·šāh

Word by word6 · parsed
בְּנֵ֣יbə·nêthe menH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
bên: a son, a builder of the family name Used here of a town's population, as at verse 25. The formula is not being applied mechanically by the compiler, nor consistently.
יְרֵח֔וֹyə·rê·ḥōwof JerichoH3405
√ Yᵉrîychôw — Jericho or Jerecho, a place in PalestineNounproperfeminine singular
Yᵉrîychôw: Jericho or Jerecho, a place in Palestine The city Joshua's generation levelled sends 345 men back to Jerusalem. No comment is offered by the text and none is needed.
שְׁלֹ֥שׁšə·lōš345H7969
√ shâlôwsh — threeNumberfeminine singular construct
מֵא֖וֹתmê·’ō·wṯ. . .H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfeminine plural
אַרְבָּעִ֥ים’ar·bā·‘îm. . .H705
√ ʼarbâʻîym — fortyNumbercommon plural
וַחֲמִשָּֽׁה׃סwa·ḥă·miš·šāh. . .H2568
√ châmêsh — fiveConjunctive wawNumbermasculine singular
37

the men of Lod, Hadid, and Ono, 721;

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bə·nê- lōḏ ḥā·ḏîḏ wə·’ō·w·nōw šə·ḇa‘ mê·’ō·wṯ wə·‘eś·rîm wə·’e·ḥāḏ

Word by word8 · parsed
בְּנֵי־bə·nê-the menH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
לֹד֙lōḏof LodH3850
√ Lôd — Lod, a place in PalestineNounproperfeminine singular
Lôd: Lod, a place in Palestine Lod, Hadid and Ono lie on the coastal plain, well outside the Judean hills, and their 721 men are the westernmost entry in the list. The register's reach is wider than the province it names in verse 6.
חָדִ֣ידḥā·ḏîḏHadidH2307
√ Châdîyd — Chadid, a place in PalestineNounpropermasculine singular
וְאוֹנ֔וֹwə·’ō·w·nōwand OnoH207
√ ʼÔwnôw — Ono, a place in PalestineConjunctive wawNounpropermasculine singular
שְׁבַ֥עšə·ḇa‘721H7651
√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Numberfeminine singular construct
shebaʻ: seven, as the sacred full one Construct before hundreds.
מֵא֖וֹתmê·’ō·wṯ. . .H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfeminine plural
וְעֶשְׂרִ֥יםwə·‘eś·rîm. . .H6242
√ ʻesrîym — twentyConjunctive wawNumbercommon plural
וְאֶחָֽד׃סwə·’e·ḥāḏ. . .H259
√ ʼechâd — properly, united, iConjunctive wawNumbermasculine singular
38

and the descendants of Senaah, 3,930.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bə·nê sə·nā·’āh šə·lō·šeṯ ’ă·lā·p̄îm tə·ša‘ mê·’ō·wṯ ū·šə·lō·šîm

Word by word7 · parsed
בְּנֵ֣יbə·nêand the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
סְנָאָ֔הsə·nā·’āhof SenaahH5570
√ Çᵉnâʼâh — Senaah, a place in PalestineNounproperfeminine singular
Çᵉnâʼâh: Senaah, a place in Palestine The largest entry in the list and the last of the lay households, closing the section with the house nobody can identify. ⚙ Whatever the compiler's principle of order was, it was not importance.
שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁתšə·lō·šeṯ3,930H7969
√ shâlôwsh — threeNumbermasculine singular construct
אֲלָפִ֔ים’ă·lā·p̄îm. . .H505
√ ʼeleph — hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousandNumbermasculine plural
ʼeleph: a thousand Plural here rather than dual, because the numeral above two takes a counted plural.
תְּשַׁ֥עtə·ša‘. . .H8672
√ têshaʻ — nine or (ordinal) ninthNumberfeminine singular construct
מֵא֖וֹתmê·’ō·wṯ. . .H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfeminine plural
וּשְׁלֹשִֽׁים׃פū·šə·lō·šîm. . .H7970
√ shᵉlôwshîym — thirtyConjunctive wawNumbercommon plural
39

The priests: the descendants of Jedaiah (through the house of Jeshua), 973;

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

hak·kō·hă·nîm bə·nê yə·ḏa‘·yāh lə·ḇêṯ yê·šū·a‘ tə·ša‘ mê·’ō·wṯ šiḇ·‘îm ū·šə·lō·šāh

Word by word9 · parsed
הַֽכֹּהֲנִ֑יםhak·kō·hă·nîmThe priestsH3548
√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine plural
kôhên: literally one officiating, a priest The heading that turns the register from a tax roll into a question about the altar. JFB draws the consequence: only four of the twenty-four courses appear here, and the course of Abia, in which Luke's narrative opens, is not among them; the four were later redivided into twenty-four keeping the Davidic names.
בְּנֵ֤יbə·nêthe descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
יְדַֽעְיָה֙yə·ḏa‘·yāhof JedaiahH3048
√ Yᵉdaʻyâh — Jedajah, the name of two IsraelitesNounpropermasculine singular
לְבֵ֣יתlə·ḇêṯthrough the houseH1004
√ bayith — a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etcPreposition-lNounmasculine singular construct
bayith: a house, in the greatest variation of applications, especially family The same noun that was counted as masonry in verse 4 is here counted as lineage. Jerusalem lacked בָּתִּים of the first kind and was about to discover, in verse 61, that some men lacked a בֵּית אָבוֹת of the second.
יֵשׁ֔וּעַyê·šū·a‘of JeshuaH3442
√ Yêshûwaʻ — Jeshua, the name of ten Israelites, also of a place in PalestineNounpropermasculine singular
תְּשַׁ֥עtə·ša‘973H8672
√ têshaʻ — nine or (ordinal) ninthNumberfeminine singular construct
מֵא֖וֹתmê·’ō·wṯ. . .H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfeminine plural
שִׁבְעִ֥יםšiḇ·‘îm. . .H7657
√ shibʻîym — seventyNumbercommon plural
וּשְׁלֹשָֽׁה׃סū·šə·lō·šāh. . .H7969
√ shâlôwsh — threeConjunctive wawNumbermasculine singular
40

the descendants of Immer, 1,052;

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bə·nê ’im·mêr ’e·lep̄ ḥă·miš·šîm ū·šə·nā·yim

Word by word5 · parsed
בְּנֵ֣יbə·nêthe descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
אִמֵּ֔ר’im·mêrof ImmerH564
√ ʼImmêr — Immer, the name of five IsraelitesNounpropermasculine singular
ʼImmêr: Immer, the name of five Israelites The lexicon counts five bearers. That the same name appears at verse 40 as a priestly house and at verse 61 as a Babylonian locality is the sort of coincidence this register neither explains nor hides.
אֶ֖לֶף’e·lep̄1,052H505
√ ʼeleph — hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousandNumbermasculine singular
חֲמִשִּׁ֥יםḥă·miš·šîm. . .H2572
√ chămishshîym — fiftyNumbercommon plural
chămishshîym: fifty Function word.
וּשְׁנָֽיִם׃סū·šə·nā·yim. . .H8147
√ shᵉnayim — twoConjunctive wawNumbermd
41

the descendants of Pashhur, 1,247;

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bə·nê p̄aš·ḥūr ’e·lep̄ mā·ṯa·yim ’ar·bā·‘îm wə·šiḇ·‘āh

Word by word6 · parsed
בְּנֵ֣יbə·nêthe descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
פַשְׁח֔וּרp̄aš·ḥūrof PashhurH6583
√ Pashchûwr — Pashchur, the name of four IsraelitesNounpropermasculine singular
Pashchûwr: Pashchur, the name of four Israelites The second largest priestly house on the roll. Priests total roughly 4,289 across verses 39 to 42, against 74 Levites at verse 43, a disproportion the text records and does not explain.
אֶ֕לֶף’e·lep̄1,247H505
√ ʼeleph — hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousandNumbermasculine singular
ʼeleph: a thousand Singular, with the dual hundred following.
מָאתַ֖יִםmā·ṯa·yim. . .H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfd
אַרְבָּעִ֥ים’ar·bā·‘îm. . .H705
√ ʼarbâʻîym — fortyNumbercommon plural
וְשִׁבְעָֽה׃סwə·šiḇ·‘āh. . .H7651
√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Conjunctive wawNumbermasculine singular
42

and the descendants of Harim, 1,017.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bə·nê ḥā·rim ’e·lep̄ šiḇ·‘āh ‘ā·śār

Word by word5 · parsed
בְּנֵ֣יbə·nêand the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
חָרִ֔םḥā·rimof HarimH2766
√ Chârim — Charim, an IsraeliteNounpropermasculine singular
Chârim: Charim, an Israelite The priestly Harim. Its 1,017 members close the priestly section, which the Massoretic paragraph mark at the end of this verse also signals.
אֶ֖לֶף’e·lep̄1,017H505
√ ʼeleph — hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousandNumbermasculine singular
ʼeleph: a thousand Function word in this line.
שִׁבְעָ֥הšiḇ·‘āh. . .H7651
√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Numbermasculine singular
עָשָֽׂר׃פ‘ā·śār. . .H6240
√ ʻâsâr — ten (only in combination), iNumbermasculine singular
43

The Levites: the descendants of Jeshua (through Kadmiel, through the line of Hodevah), 74.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

hal·wî·yim bə·nê- yê·šū·a‘ lə·qaḏ·mî·’êl liḇ·nê lə·hō·wḏ·wāh šiḇ·‘îm wə·’ar·bā·‘āh

Word by word8 · parsed
הַלְוִיִּ֑םhal·wî·yimThe LevitesH3881
√ Lêvîyîy — a Levite or descendant of LeviArticleNounpropermasculine plural
Lêvîyîy: a Levite or descendant of Levi Seventy-four Levites against roughly 4,289 priests. ⚙ The order charged with the daily labour of the sanctuary returned in a fraction of the proportion the law assumes, and this register is the plain evidence of it; no commentator in this brief comments on the figure.
בְּנֵֽי־bə·nê-the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
יֵשׁ֧וּעַyê·šū·a‘of JeshuaH3442
√ Yêshûwaʻ — Jeshua, the name of ten Israelites, also of a place in PalestineNounpropermasculine singular
לְקַדְמִיאֵ֛לlə·qaḏ·mî·’êlthrough KadmielH6934
√ Qadmîyʼêl — Kadmiel, the name of three IsraelitesPreposition-lNounpropermasculine singular
לִבְנֵ֥יliḇ·nêthrough the lineH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcPreposition-lNounmasculine plural construct
לְהוֹדְוָ֖הlə·hō·wḏ·wāhof HodevahH1937
√ Hôwdᵉvâh — Hodevah (or Hodevjah), an IsraelitePreposition-lNounpropermasculine singular
Hôwdᵉvâh: Hodevah (or Hodevjah), an Israelite Pulpit records that this ancestor appears in three forms, Hodevah here, Hodaviah at Ezra 2:40 and Judah at Ezra 3:9, and Cambridge notes a further reading Hodeiah. One man, four spellings, in the space of two books.
שִׁבְעִ֥יםšiḇ·‘îm74H7657
√ shibʻîym — seventyNumbercommon plural
וְאַרְבָּעָֽה׃סwə·’ar·bā·‘āh. . .H702
√ ʼarbaʻ — fourConjunctive wawNumbermasculine singular
44

The singers: the descendants of Asaph, 148.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

ham·šō·rə·rîm bə·nê ’ā·sāp̄ mê·’āh ’ar·bā·‘îm ū·šə·mō·nāh

Word by word6 · parsed
הַֽמְשֹׁרְרִ֑יםham·šō·rə·rîmThe singersH7891
√ shîyr — to singArticleVerbPielParticiplemasculine plural
shîyr: to sing (Piel participle) The intensive stem, and a participle: those who are singing. The same form returns at verse 67 in both genders, male and female singers, where the count is of household members rather than of temple ministers. The register uses one word for both and lets the context separate them.
בְּנֵ֣יbə·nêthe descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
אָסָ֔ף’ā·sāp̄of AsaphH623
√ ʼÂçâph — Asaph, the name of three Israelites, and of the family of the firstNounpropermasculine singular
ʼÂçâph: Asaph, the name of three Israelites, and of the family of the first The house whose name stands over a dozen psalms. It comes back a hundred and forty-eight strong, and the register says nothing more.
מֵאָ֖הmê·’āh148H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfeminine singular
אַרְבָּעִ֥ים’ar·bā·‘îm. . .H705
√ ʼarbâʻîym — fortyNumbercommon plural
וּשְׁמֹנָֽה׃סū·šə·mō·nāh. . .H8083
√ shᵉmôneh — a cardinal number, eight (as if a surplus above the 'perfect' seven)Conjunctive wawNumbermasculine singular
45

The gatekeepers: the descendants of Shallum, the descendants of Ater, the descendants of Talmon, the descendants of Akkub, the descendants of Hatita, and the descendants of Shobai, 138 in all.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

haš·šō·‘ă·rîm bə·nê- šal·lūm bə·nê- ’ā·ṭêr bə·nê- ṭal·mōn bə·nê- ‘aq·qūḇ bə·nê ḥă·ṭî·ṭā bə·nê šō·ḇāy mê·’āh šə·lō·šîm ū·šə·mō·nāh

Word by word16 · parsed
הַשֹּֽׁעֲרִ֗יםhaš·šō·‘ă·rîmThe gatekeepersH7778
√ shôwʻêr — a janitorArticleNounmasculine plural
shôwʻêr: a janitor Six named houses producing 138 men between them, an average of twenty-three each. ⚙ These are the men who will physically control who enters the courts, and the chapter that appoints them is the chapter that will shortly put three priestly houses out for want of a record.
בְּנֵֽי־bə·nê-the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
שַׁלּ֤וּםšal·lūmof ShallumH7967
√ Shallûwm — Shallum, the name of fourteen IsraelitesNounpropermasculine singular
Shallûwm: Shallum, the name of fourteen Israelites Fourteen bearers in the lexicon, more than any other name in this unit. The register's names are not individuating, which is exactly the problem verse 64 runs into.
בְּנֵֽי־bə·nê-the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
אָטֵר֙’ā·ṭêrof AterH333
√ ʼÂṭêr — Ater, the name of three IsraelitesNounpropermasculine singular
בְּנֵֽי־bə·nê-the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
טַלְמֹ֣ןṭal·mōnof TalmonH2929
√ Ṭalmôwn — Talmon, a temple doorkeeperNounpropermasculine singular
בְּנֵֽי־bə·nê-the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
עַקּ֔וּב‘aq·qūḇof AkkubH6126
√ ʻAqqûwb — Akkub, the name of five IsraelitesNounpropermasculine singular
בְּנֵ֥יbə·nêthe descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
חֲטִיטָ֖אḥă·ṭî·ṭāof HatitaH2410
√ Chăṭîyṭâʼ — Chatita, a temple porterNounpropermasculine singular
בְּנֵ֣יbə·nêand the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
שֹׁבָ֑יšō·ḇāyof ShobaiH7630
√ Shôbay — Shobai, an IsraeliteNounpropermasculine singular
מֵאָ֖הmê·’āh138 [in all]H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfeminine singular
שְׁלֹשִׁ֥יםšə·lō·šîm. . .H7970
√ shᵉlôwshîym — thirtyNumbercommon plural
וּשְׁמֹנָֽה׃סū·šə·mō·nāh. . .H8083
√ shᵉmôneh — a cardinal number, eight (as if a surplus above the 'perfect' seven)Conjunctive wawNumbermasculine singular
46

The temple servants: the descendants of Ziha, the descendants of Hasupha, the descendants of Tabbaoth,

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

han·nə·ṯî·nîm bə·nê- ṣi·ḥā ḇə·nê- ḥă·śu·p̄ā bə·nê ṭab·bā·‘ō·wṯ

Word by word7 · parsed
הַנְּתִינִ֑יםhan·nə·ṯî·nîmThe temple servantsH5411
√ Nâthîyn — the Nethinim, or Temple-servants (as given to that duty)ArticleNounmasculine plural
Nâthîyn: the Nethinim, or Temple-servants, as given to that duty The word is built from the verb of giving, and the lexicon's own gloss supplies the theology: these men are a gift handed over to the sanctuary. Their names, in the eleven verses that follow, are the least Israelite in the chapter, and the register counts them among the returned without qualification.
בְּנֵי־bə·nê-the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
bên: a son, a builder of the family name Applied to the given ones exactly as to Parosh and Pahath-Moab.
צִחָ֥אṣi·ḥāof ZihaH6727
√ Tsîychâʼ — Tsicha, the name of two NethinimNounpropermasculine singular
בְנֵי־ḇə·nê-the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
חֲשֻׂפָ֖אḥă·śu·p̄āof HasuphaH2817
√ Chăsûwphâʼ — Chasupha, one of the NethinimNounpropermasculine singular
בְּנֵ֥יbə·nêthe descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
טַבָּעֽוֹת׃ṭab·bā·‘ō·wṯof TabbaothH2884
√ Ṭabbâʻôwth — Tabbaoth, one of the NethinimNounpropermasculine singular
47

the descendants of Keros, the descendants of Sia, the descendants of Padon,

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bə·nê- qê·rōs bə·nê- sî·‘ā bə·nê p̄ā·ḏō·wn

Word by word6 · parsed
בְּנֵי־bə·nê-the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
קֵירֹ֥סqê·rōsof KerosH7026
√ Qêyrôç — Keros, one of the NethinimNounpropermasculine singular
Qêyrôç: Keros, one of the Nethinim The lexicon can say nothing of him but that he was one of the Nethinim, and the same is true of nearly every name in this section. What is preserved is the fact of the name, not the man.
בְּנֵי־bə·nê-the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
סִיעָ֖אsî·‘āof SiaH5517
√ Çîyʻâʼ — Sia or Siaha, one of the NethinimNounpropermasculine singular
בְּנֵ֥יbə·nêthe descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
פָדֽוֹן׃p̄ā·ḏō·wnof PadonH6303
√ Pâdôwn — Padon, one of the NethinimNounpropermasculine singular
Pâdôwn: Padon, one of the Nethinim Occurs in only two verses of the whole canon, here and at Ezra 2:44, which is what makes the parallel between those two verses a verbal link rather than a theme.
48

the descendants of Lebanah, the descendants of Hagabah, the descendants of Shalmai,

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bə·nê- lə·ḇā·nāh ḇə·nê- ḥă·ḡā·ḇāh bə·nê šal·māy

Word by word6 · parsed
בְּנֵי־bə·nê-the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
bên: a son The bare formula, repeated.
לְבָנָ֥הlə·ḇā·nāhof LebanahH3838
√ Lᵉbânâʼ — Lebana or Lebanah, one of the NethinimNounpropermasculine singular
בְנֵי־ḇə·nê-the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
חֲגָבָ֖הḥă·ḡā·ḇāhof HagabahH2286
√ Chăgâbâʼ — Chagaba or Chagabah, one of the NethinimNounpropermasculine singular
Chăgâbâʼ: Chagaba or Chagabah, one of the Nethinim Attested in only two verses of the canon. The temple servants are, lexically, the most obscure people in Scripture, and they are also the group whose roll is transmitted most exactly between Ezra and Nehemiah.
בְּנֵ֥יbə·nêthe descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
שַׁלְמָֽי׃šal·māyof ShalmaiH8014
√ Salmay — Salmai, an IsraeliteNounpropermasculine singular
49

the descendants of Hanan, the descendants of Giddel, the descendants of Gahar,

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bə·nê- ḥā·nān bə·nê- ḡid·dêl bə·nê- ḡā·ḥar

Word by word6 · parsed
בְּנֵי־bə·nê-the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
חָנָ֥ןḥā·nānof HananH2605
√ Chânân — Chanan, the name of seven IsraelitesNounpropermasculine singular
Chânân: Chanan, the name of seven Israelites One of the few names in this section with a transparent Hebrew root, from the verb to show favour. The section is not uniformly foreign; it is simply unexplained.
בְּנֵי־bə·nê-the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
גִדֵּ֖לḡid·dêlof GiddelH1435
√ Giddêl — Giddel, the name of one of the Nethinim, also of one of 'Solomon's servants'Nounpropermasculine singular
Giddêl: Giddel, the name of one of the Nethinim, also of one of Solomon's servants The lexicon records both bearers, so the doubling at verses 49 and 58 is deliberate in the source, not a duplication.
בְּנֵי־bə·nê-the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
גָֽחַר׃ḡā·ḥarof GaharH1515
√ Gachar — Gachar, one of the NethinimNounpropermasculine singular
50

the descendants of Reaiah, the descendants of Rezin, the descendants of Nekoda,

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bə·nê- rə·’ā·yāh ḇə·nê- rə·ṣîn bə·nê nə·qō·w·ḏā

Word by word6 · parsed
בְּנֵי־bə·nê-the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
רְאָיָ֥הrə·’ā·yāhof ReaiahH7211
√ Rᵉʼâyâh — Reajah, the name of three IsraelitesNounpropermasculine singular
Rᵉʼâyâh: Reajah, the name of three Israelites A name meaning the LORD has seen, borne by a family of temple servants. ⚙ In a chapter whose crisis is that certain men could not be found in the records, a household called the LORD has seen is worth noticing, though the text draws no such line and neither does any voice in the brief.
בְנֵי־ḇə·nê-the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
רְצִ֖יןrə·ṣînof RezinH7526
√ Rᵉtsîyn — Retsin, the name of a Syrian and of an IsraeliteNounpropermasculine singular
Rᵉtsîyn: Retsin, the name of a Syrian and of an Israelite The lexicon holds both together. The register does not explain how a household came by the name.
בְּנֵ֥יbə·nêthe descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
נְקוֹדָֽא׃nə·qō·w·ḏāof NekodaH5353
√ Nᵉqôwdâʼ — Nekoda, a Temple-servantNounpropermasculine singular
51

the descendants of Gazzam, the descendants of Uzza, the descendants of Paseah,

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bə·nê- ḡaz·zām bə·nê- ‘uz·zā bə·nê p̄ā·sê·aḥ

Word by word6 · parsed
בְּנֵי־bə·nê-the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
גַזָּ֥םḡaz·zāmof GazzamH1502
√ Gazzâm — Gazzam, one of the NethinimNounpropermasculine singular
Gazzâm: Gazzam, one of the Nethinim Attested in only two verses of the canon, here and in the Ezra parallel.
בְּנֵי־bə·nê-the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
עֻזָּ֖א‘uz·zāof UzzaH5798
√ ʻUzzâʼ — Uzza or Uzzah, the name of five IsraelitesNounpropermasculine singular
ʻUzzâʼ: Uzza or Uzzah, the name of five Israelites The lexicon counts five bearers, which is the register's usual condition: a name identifies a household within this document and almost nothing outside it.
בְּנֵ֥יbə·nêthe descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
פָסֵֽחַ׃p̄ā·sê·aḥof PaseahH6454
√ Pâçêach — Paseach, the name of two IsraelitesNounpropermasculine singular
52

the descendants of Besai, the descendants of Meunim, the descendants of Nephushesim,

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bə·nê- ḇê·say bə·nê- mə·‘ū·nîm bə·nê nə·p̄ū·šə·sīm

Word by word6 · parsed
בְּנֵי־bə·nê-the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
בֵסַ֥יḇê·sayof BesaiH1153
√ Bᵉçay — Besai, one of the NethinimNounpropermasculine singular
בְּנֵי־bə·nê-the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
מְעוּנִ֖יםmə·‘ū·nîmof MeunimH4586
√ Mᵉʻûwnîy — a Meunite, or inhabitant of Maon (only in plural)Nounpropermasculine plural
Mᵉʻûwnîy: a Meunite, or inhabitant of Maon (only in plural) A foreign population serving at the sanctuary and counted with Israel's returning households. ⚙ The register neither naturalises them nor marks them off, which is a harder fact than either move would have been.
בְּנֵ֥יbə·nêthe descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
נְפוּשְׁסִים׃nə·p̄ū·šə·sīmof NephushesimH5300
√ Nᵉphûwshᵉçîym — Nephushesim, a Temple-servantNounpropermasculine plural
Nᵉphûwshᵉçîym: Nephushesim, a Temple-servant Plural in form, like Meunim beside it; two group names in a single verse of a list otherwise made of fathers.
53

the descendants of Bakbuk, the descendants of Hakupha, the descendants of Harhur,

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bə·nê- ḇaq·būq bə·nê- ḥă·qū·p̄ā bə·nê ḥar·ḥūr

Word by word6 · parsed
בְּנֵי־bə·nê-the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
בַקְבּ֥וּקḇaq·būqof BakbukH1227
√ Baqbûwq — Bakbuk, one of the NethinimNounpropermasculine singular
Baqbûwq: Bakbuk, one of the Nethinim Occurs in only two verses of the canon. The temple servants are recorded with a precision that outlasts every memory of who they were.
בְּנֵֽי־bə·nê-the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
חֲקוּפָ֖אḥă·qū·p̄āof HakuphaH2709
√ Chăqûwphâʼ — Chakupha, one of the NethinimNounpropermasculine singular
בְּנֵ֥יbə·nêthe descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
חַרְחֽוּר׃ḥar·ḥūrof HarhurH2744
√ Charchûwr — Charchur, one of the NethinimNounpropermasculine singular
Charchûwr: Charchur, one of the Nethinim Likewise attested twice only, here and in Ezra 2:51.
54

the descendants of Bazlith, the descendants of Mehida, the descendants of Harsha,

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bə·nê- ḇaṣ·lîṯ bə·nê- mə·ḥî·ḏā bə·nê ḥar·šā

Word by word6 · parsed
בְּנֵי־bə·nê-the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
בַצְלִ֥יתḇaṣ·lîṯof BazlithH1213
√ Batslûwth — Batsluth or Batslith, an IsraeliteNounpropermasculine singular
Batslûwth: Batsluth or Batslith, an Israelite The lexicon itself carries two vocalisations, which is why the English versions differ between Bazlith and Bazluth.
בְּנֵֽי־bə·nê-the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
מְחִידָ֖אmə·ḥî·ḏāof MehidaH4240
√ Mᵉchîydâʼ — Mechida, one of the NethinimNounpropermasculine singular
Mᵉchîydâʼ: Mechida, one of the Nethinim Attested in two verses of the canon, both of them this list and its parallel.
בְּנֵ֥יbə·nêthe descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
חַרְשָֽׁא׃ḥar·šāof HarshaH2797
√ Charshâʼ — Charsha, one of the NethinimNounpropermasculine singular
55

the descendants of Barkos, the descendants of Sisera, the descendants of Temah,

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bə·nê- ḇar·qō·ws bə·nê- sî·sə·rā bə·nê- ṯā·maḥ

Word by word6 · parsed
בְּנֵי־bə·nê-the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
בַרְק֥וֹסḇar·qō·wsof BarkosH1302
√ Barqôwç — Barkos, one of the NethimimNounpropermasculine singular
Barqôwç: Barkos, one of the Nethimim One of the two-verse names, known only from this list and Ezra 2:53.
בְּֽנֵי־bə·nê-the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
סִֽיסְרָ֖אsî·sə·rāof SiseraH5516
√ Çîyçᵉrâʼ — Sisera, the name of a Canaanitish king and of one of the NethinimNounpropermasculine singular
Çîyçᵉrâʼ: Sisera, the name of a Canaanitish king and of one of the Nethinim ⚙ Whether the household descended from war captives of that name or simply bore it, the register does not say and this note will not guess. What can be said is that the roll of those who came back from Babylon contains a house called Sisera, and that nobody struck it out.
בְּנֵי־bə·nê-the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
תָֽמַח׃ṯā·maḥof TemahH8547
√ Temach — Temach, one of the NethinimNounpropermasculine singular
56

the descendants of Neziah, and the descendants of Hatipha.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bə·nê nə·ṣî·aḥ bə·nê ḥă·ṭî·p̄ā

Word by word4 · parsed
בְּנֵ֥יbə·nêthe descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
נְצִ֖יחַnə·ṣî·aḥof NeziahH5335
√ nᵉtsîyach — Netsiach, a Temple-servantNounpropermasculine singular
nᵉtsîyach: Netsiach, a Temple-servant Thirty-two households of temple servants have now been named across eleven verses without a single figure attached. ⚙ The compiler counts money, camels and donkeys precisely, and lists this order by name only until the summary at verse 60.
בְּנֵ֥יbə·nêand the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
חֲטִיפָֽא׃ḥă·ṭî·p̄āof HatiphaH2412
√ Chăṭîyphâʼ — Chatipha, one of the NethinimNounpropermasculine singular
Chăṭîyphâʼ: Chatipha, one of the Nethinim The final name of the section, known only from this list and its parallel.
57

The descendants of the servants of Solomon: the descendants of Sotai, the descendants of Sophereth, the descendants of Perida,

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bə·nê ‘aḇ·ḏê šə·lō·mōh bə·nê- sō·w·ṭay bə·nê- sō·w·p̄e·reṯ bə·nê p̄ə·rî·ḏā

Word by word9 · parsed
בְּנֵ֖יbə·nêThe descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
עַבְדֵ֣י‘aḇ·ḏêof the servantsH5650
√ ʻebed — a servantNounmasculine plural construct
ʻebed: a servant The word for a slave or bondman. ⚙ These households returned from Babylon still identified by the king whose work gangs their ancestors served, and the register keeps the designation rather than dissolving it into the general count.
שְׁלֹמֹ֑הšə·lō·mōhof SolomonH8010
√ Shᵉlômôh — Shelomah, David's successorNounpropermasculine singular
Shᵉlômôh: Shelomah, David's successor The only king of Israel named in this unit, and he is named as an owner of labour. Nebuchadnezzar at verse 6 is the only other king, and he is named as a deporter.
בְּנֵי־bə·nê-the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
סוֹטַ֥יsō·w·ṭayof SotaiH5479
√ Çôwṭay — Sotai, one of the NethinimNounpropermasculine singular
בְּנֵי־bə·nê-the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
סוֹפֶ֖רֶתsō·w·p̄e·reṯof SopherethH5618
√ Çôphereth — Sophereth, a temple servantNounpropermasculine singular
בְּנֵ֥יbə·nêthe descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
פְרִידָֽא׃p̄ə·rî·ḏāof PeridaH6514
√ Pᵉrûwdâʼ — Peruda or Perida, one of 'Solomon's servants'Nounpropermasculine singular
58

the descendants of Jaala, the descendants of Darkon, the descendants of Giddel,

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bə·nê- ya‘·lā ḇə·nê- ḏar·qō·wn bə·nê ḡid·dêl

Word by word6 · parsed
בְּנֵי־bə·nê-the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
bên: a son, a builder of the family name The formula, applied to a hereditary labour corps exactly as to Judah's landed houses.
יַעְלָ֥אya‘·lāof JaalaH3279
√ Yaʻălâʼ — Jaala or Jaalah, one of the NethinimNounpropermasculine singular
בְנֵי־ḇə·nê-the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
דַרְק֖וֹןḏar·qō·wnof DarkonH1874
√ Darqôwn — Darkon, one of 'Solomon's servants'Nounpropermasculine singular
Darqôwn: Darkon, one of Solomon's servants Attested in only two verses of the canon, here and at Ezra 2:56, which is what makes the link between those two verses a verbal one.
בְּנֵ֥יbə·nêthe descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
גִדֵּֽל׃ḡid·dêlof GiddelH1435
√ Giddêl — Giddel, the name of one of the Nethinim, also of one of 'Solomon's servants'Nounpropermasculine singular
59

the descendants of Shephatiah, the descendants of Hattil, the descendants of Pochereth-hazzebaim, and the descendants of Amon.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bə·nê šə·p̄aṭ·yāh ḇə·nê- ḥaṭ·ṭîl bə·nê pō·ḵe·reṯ haṣ·ṣə·ḇā·yîm bə·nê ’ā·mō·wn

Word by word9 · parsed
בְּנֵ֧יbə·nêthe descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
שְׁפַטְיָ֣הšə·p̄aṭ·yāhof ShephatiahH8203
√ Shᵉphaṭyâh — Shephatjah, the name of ten IsraelitesNounpropermasculine singular
Shᵉphaṭyâh: Shephatjah, the name of ten Israelites The same name that headed a lay household of 372 at verse 9 now heads a house of Solomon's servants. One spelling, two orders, no cross-reference.
בְנֵֽי־ḇə·nê-the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
חַטִּ֗ילḥaṭ·ṭîlof HattilH2411
√ Chaṭṭîyl — Chattil, one of 'Solomon's servants'Nounpropermasculine singular
בְּנֵ֛יbə·nêthe descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
פֹּכֶ֥רֶתpō·ḵe·reṯvvvH6380
√ Pôkereth Tsᵉbâyîym — Pokereth-Tsebajim, one of the 'servants of Solomon'
הַצְּבָיִ֖יםhaṣ·ṣə·ḇā·yîmof Pochereth-hazzebaimH6380
√ Pôkereth Tsᵉbâyîym — Pokereth-Tsebajim, one of the 'servants of Solomon'Nounpropermasculine singular
Pôkereth Tsᵉbâyîym: Pokereth-Tsebajim, one of the servants of Solomon A household named by a phrase rather than a father, and the phrase involves gazelles. ⚙ The compiler copies what the old register held, including names whose sense had already stopped being useful.
בְּנֵ֥יbə·nêand the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
אָמֽוֹן׃’ā·mō·wnof AmonH526
√ ʼÂmôwn — Amon, the name of three IsraelitesNounpropermasculine singular
60

The temple servants and descendants of the servants of Solomon numbered 392 in all.

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

han·nə·ṯî·nîm ū·ḇə·nê ‘aḇ·ḏê šə·lō·mōh šə·lōš mê·’ō·wṯ tiš·‘îm ū·šə·nā·yim kāl-

Word by word9 · parsed
הַ֨נְּתִינִ֔יםhan·nə·ṯî·nîmThe temple servantsH5411
√ Nâthîyn — the Nethinim, or Temple-servants (as given to that duty)ArticleNounmasculine plural
Nâthîyn: the Nethinim, or Temple-servants, as given to that duty Thirty-two households of temple servants and ten of Solomon's servants come to 392 men in total, fewer than ten to a house. ⚙ The two orders that supply the sanctuary's manual labour returned at roughly a tenth of the strength of the priesthood.
וּבְנֵ֖יū·ḇə·nêand descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcConjunctive wawNounmasculine plural construct
עַבְדֵ֣י‘aḇ·ḏêof the servantsH5650
√ ʻebed — a servantNounmasculine plural construct
שְׁלֹמֹ֑הšə·lō·mōhof SolomonH8010
√ Shᵉlômôh — Shelomah, David's successorNounpropermasculine singular
שְׁלֹ֥שׁšə·lōš[numbered] 392H7969
√ shâlôwsh — threeNumberfeminine singular construct
מֵא֖וֹתmê·’ō·wṯ. . .H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfeminine plural
תִּשְׁעִ֥יםtiš·‘îm. . .H8673
√ tishʻîym — ninetyNumbercommon plural
וּשְׁנָֽיִם׃פū·šə·nā·yim. . .H8147
√ shᵉnayim — twoConjunctive wawNumbermd
כָּל־kāl-in allH3605
√ kôl — properly, the wholeNounmasculine singular construct
kôl: properly the whole The summing particle, which returns at the head of verse 66 as כָּל־הַקָּהָל, the whole assembly. Here it closes a subtotal; there it closes the register.
61

The following came up from Tel-melah, Tel-harsha, Cherub, Addon, and Immer, but they could not prove that their families were descended from Israel:

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Hebrew — tap a word ↓

wə·’êl·leh hā·‘ō·w·lîm mit·têl me·laḥ têl ḥar·šā kə·rūḇ ’ad·dō·wn wə·’im·mêr wə·lō yā·ḵə·lū lə·hag·gîḏ bêṯ- ’ă·ḇō·w·ṯām wə·zar·‘ām ’im mî·yiś·rā·’êl hêm

Word by word18 · parsed
וְאֵ֗לֶּהwə·’êl·lehThe followingH428
√ ʼêl-leh — these or thoseConjunctive wawPronouncommon plural
הָֽעוֹלִים֙hā·‘ō·w·lîmcame upH5927
√ ʻâlâh — to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount)ArticleVerbQalParticiplemasculine plural
ʻâlâh: to ascend, to mount The same participle used of the whole company at verses 5 and 6. These men went up with everyone else; what they could not do was speak their line.
מִתֵּ֥לmit·têlvvvH8528
√ Têl Melach — Tel-Melach, a place in BabyloniaPreposition
מֶ֙לַח֙me·laḥfrom Tel-melahH8528
√ Têl Melach — Tel-Melach, a place in BabyloniaPrepositionNounproperfeminine singular
תֵּ֣לtêlvvvH8521
√ Têl Charshâʼ — Tel-Charsha, a place in Babylonia
חַרְשָׁ֔אḥar·šāTel-harshaH8521
√ Têl Charshâʼ — Tel-Charsha, a place in BabyloniaNounproperfeminine singular
כְּר֥וּבkə·rūḇCherubH3743
√ Kᵉrûwb — Kerub, a place in BabylonNounproperfeminine singular
אַדּ֖וֹן’ad·dō·wnAddonH114
√ ʼAddôwn — Addon, apparently an IsraeliteNounpropermasculine singular
וְאִמֵּ֑רwə·’im·mêrand ImmerH564
√ ʼImmêr — Immer, the name of five IsraelitesConjunctive wawNounpropermasculine singular
וְלֹ֣אwə·lōbut they could notH3808
√ lôʼ — not (the simple or absConjunctive wawAdverbNegative particle
יָכְל֗וּyā·ḵə·lū. . .H3201
√ yâkôl — to be able, literally (can, could) or morally (may, might)VerbQalPerfectthird person common plural
לְהַגִּ֤ידlə·hag·gîḏproveH5046
√ nâgad — properly, to front, iPreposition-lVerbHifilInfinitive construct
nâgad: properly to front, hence to declare ⚙ The verb is about putting something in front of others, not about satisfying a tribunal. Six hundred and forty-two people are recorded in the next verse by name and number while this verb stands over them unfulfilled: they are counted and unplaced at the same time.
בֵּית־bêṯ-that their familiesH1004
√ bayith — a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etcNounmasculine singular construct
bayith: a house, especially family The third use of this noun in the unit, after the unbuilt houses of verse 4 and the priestly house of Jeshua at verse 39. Here a man's house is the thing he cannot produce.
אֲבוֹתָם֙’ă·ḇō·w·ṯām. . .H1
√ ʼâb — father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote applicationNounmasculine plural constructthird person masculine plural
וְזַרְעָ֔םwə·zar·‘āmwere descendedH2233
√ zeraʻ — seedConjunctive wawNounmasculine singular constructthird person masculine plural
zeraʻ: seed The organic half of the claim, set beside the architectural half. Hebrew describes descent with both a building and a sowing.
אִ֥ם’im. . .H518
√ ʼim — used very widely as demonstrative, lo!Conjunction
מִיִּשְׂרָאֵ֖לmî·yiś·rā·’êlfrom IsraelH3478
√ Yisrâʼêl — Jisrael, a symbolical name of JacobPreposition-mNounpropermasculine singular
הֵֽם׃hêm. . .H1992
√ hêm — they (only used when emphatic)Pronounthird person masculine plural
62

the descendants of Delaiah, the descendants of Tobiah, and the descendants of Nekoda, 642 in all.

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bə·nê- ḏə·lā·yāh ḇə·nê- ṭō·w·ḇî·yāh bə·nê nə·qō·w·ḏā šêš mê·’ō·wṯ wə·’ar·bā·‘îm ū·šə·nā·yim

Word by word10 · parsed
בְּנֵי־bə·nê-the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
דְלָיָ֥הḏə·lā·yāhof DelaiahH1806
√ Dᵉlâyâh — Delajah, the name of five IsraelitesNounpropermasculine singular
Dᵉlâyâh: Delajah, the name of five Israelites ⚙ A name built on the divine element and the verb to draw up, as one draws water from a well. It belongs to a family that could not declare its fathers' house, which the register states and then records them anyway.
בְנֵֽי־ḇə·nê-the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
טוֹבִיָּ֖הṭō·w·ḇî·yāhof TobiahH2900
√ Ṭôwbîyâh — Tobijah, the name of three Israelites and of one SamaritanNounpropermasculine singular
Ṭôwbîyâh: Tobijah, the name of three Israelites and of one Samaritan The lexicon's own entry notes the Samaritan bearer. In this book a Tobiah opposes the wall-building; whether any relation is intended here the text does not say, and this note does not claim it.
בְּנֵ֣יbə·nêand the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
נְקוֹדָ֑אnə·qō·w·ḏāof NekodaH5353
√ Nᵉqôwdâʼ — Nekoda, a Temple-servantNounpropermasculine singular
שֵׁ֥שׁšêš642 [in all]H8337
√ shêsh — six (as an overplus beyond five or the fingers of the hand)Numberfeminine singular construct
shêsh: six, an overplus beyond the fingers of the hand Function word in the total.
מֵא֖וֹתmê·’ō·wṯ. . .H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfeminine plural
וְאַרְבָּעִ֥יםwə·’ar·bā·‘îm. . .H705
√ ʼarbâʻîym — fortyConjunctive wawNumbercommon plural
וּשְׁנָֽיִם׃סū·šə·nā·yim. . .H8147
√ shᵉnayim — twoConjunctive wawNumbermd
63

And from among the priests: the descendants of Hobaiah, the descendants of Hakkoz, and the descendants of Barzillai (who had married a daughter of Barzillai the Gileadite and was called by their name).

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ū·min- hak·kō·hă·nîm bə·nê ḥo·ḇay·yāh bə·nê haq·qō·wṣ bə·nê ḇar·zil·lay ’ă·šer lā·qaḥ ’iš·šāh mib·bə·nō·wṯ bar·zil·lay hag·gil·‘ā·ḏî way·yiq·qā·rê ‘al- šə·mām

Word by word17 · parsed
וּמִן־ū·min-And fromH4480
√ min — properly, a part ofConjunctive wawPreposition
הַכֹּ֣הֲנִ֔יםhak·kō·hă·nîmamong the priestsH3548
√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine plural
kôhên: literally one officiating, a priest The register returns to the priests, but only to record three houses that cannot be placed. The section that began at verse 39 with 4,289 certified priests ends with an unresolved case.
בְּנֵ֥יbə·nêthe descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
חֳבַיָּ֖הḥo·ḇay·yāhof HobaiahH2252
√ Chăbayâh — Chabajah, an IsraeliteNounpropermasculine singular
בְּנֵ֣יbə·nêthe descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
הַקּ֑וֹץhaq·qō·wṣof HakkozH6976
√ Qôwts — Kots, the name of two IsraelitesArticleNounpropermasculine singular
בְּנֵ֣יbə·nêand the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
בַרְזִלַּ֗יḇar·zil·layof BarzillaiH1271
√ Barzillay — Barzillai, the name of three IsraelitesNounpropermasculine singular
אֲשֶׁ֣ר’ă·šerwhoH834
√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative
לָ֠קַחlā·qaḥhad marriedH3947
√ lâqach — to take (in the widest variety of applications)VerbQalPerfectthird person masculine singular
lâqach: to take, in the widest variety of applications ⚙ The one narrative sentence in sixty verses of ledger, and it explains a surname: a priest married into the house of Barzillai the Gileadite, the man who fed David in flight, and the wife's name swallowed the husband's. The register preserves the anecdote because the anecdote is why the paperwork fails.
אִשָּׁ֔ה’iš·šāh. . .H802
√ ʼishshâh — a womanNounfeminine singular
מִבְּנ֞וֹתmib·bə·nō·wṯa daughterH1323
√ bath — a daughter (used in the same wide sense as other terms of relationship, literally and figuratively)Preposition-mNounfeminine plural construct
בַּרְזִלַּ֤יbar·zil·layof BarzillaiH1271
√ Barzillay — Barzillai, the name of three IsraelitesNounpropermasculine singular
הַגִּלְעָדִי֙hag·gil·‘ā·ḏîthe GileaditeH1569
√ Gilʻâdîy — a Giladite or descendant of GiladArticleNounpropermasculine singular
וַיִּקָּרֵ֖אway·yiq·qā·rêand was calledH7121
√ qârâʼ — to call out to (iConjunctive wawVerbNifalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
qârâʼ: to call out to, to name (Niphal) Passive. The loss of the priestly name was something done to this family, not chosen by it, which sharpens rather than softens the exclusion that follows in verse 64.
עַל־‘al-byH5921
√ ʻal — above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applicationsPreposition
שְׁמָֽם׃šə·māmtheir nameH8034
√ shêm — an appellation, as amark or memorial of individualityNounmasculine singular constructthird person masculine plural
shêm: an appellation, as a mark or memorial of individuality The lexicon's gloss is exact for this unit: a name is a memorial of individuality. This chapter is 66 verses of such memorials, and the crisis here is a name overwritten.
64

These men searched for their family records, but they could not find them and so were excluded from the priesthood as unclean.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

’êl·leh biq·šū ḵə·ṯā·ḇām ham·miṯ·yaḥ·śîm wə·lō nim·ṣā way·ḡō·’ă·lū min- hak·kə·hun·nāh

Word by word9 · parsed
אֵ֗לֶּה’êl·lehThese [men]H428
√ ʼêl-leh — these or thosePronouncommon plural
בִּקְשׁ֧וּbiq·šūsearched forH1245
√ bâqash — to search out (by any method, specifically in worship or prayer)VerbPielPerfectthird person common plural
bâqash: to search out by any method, specifically in worship or prayer The intensive stem of a verb that elsewhere describes seeking God. Applied here to a hunt through archives, and the hunt comes up empty.
כְתָבָ֛םḵə·ṯā·ḇāmtheir family recordsH3791
√ kâthâb — something written, iNounmasculine singular constructthird person masculine plural
הַמִּתְיַחְשִׂ֖יםham·miṯ·yaḥ·śîm. . .H3187
√ yâchas — to enroll by pedigreeArticleVerbHitpaelParticiplemasculine plural
yâchas: to enrol by pedigree (Hitpael participle) The same reflexive stem as the infinitive in verse 5, now as a participle describing these men: the ones enrolling themselves. The whole chapter is that verb succeeding; this verse is that verb failing.
וְלֹ֣אwə·lōbut they could notH3808
√ lôʼ — not (the simple or absConjunctive wawAdverbNegative particle
נִמְצָ֑אnim·ṣāfind themH4672
√ mâtsâʼ — properly, to come forth to, iVerbNifalPerfectthird person masculine singular
mâtsâʼ: properly, to come forth to, to find Nehemiah found and found at verse 5; here the same root is negated in the passive. ⚙ The unit is framed between a document that turned up and a document that did not.
וַיְגֹֽאֲל֖וּway·ḡō·’ă·lūand so were excludedH1351
√ gâʼal — to soil or (figuratively) desecrateConjunctive wawVerbPualConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine plural
gâʼal: to soil or, figuratively, to desecrate (Pual) ⚙ No moral charge is laid against these men anywhere in the passage. The verb is passive and the cause is an absence of paper. Whatever else this verse teaches, it does not teach that they had sinned.
מִן־min-fromH4480
√ min — properly, a part ofPreposition
הַכְּהֻנָּֽה׃hak·kə·hun·nāhthe priesthood {as unclean}H3550
√ kᵉhunnâh — priesthoodArticleNounfeminine singular
65

The governor ordered them not to eat the most holy things until there was a priest to consult the Urim and Thummim.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

hat·tir·šā·ṯā ’ă·šer way·yō·mer lā·hem lō- yō·ḵə·lū miq·qō·ḏeš haq·qo·ḏā·šîm ‘aḏ ‘ă·mōḏ hak·kō·hên lə·’ū·rîm wə·ṯūm·mîm

Word by word13 · parsed
הַתִּרְשָׁ֙תָא֙hat·tir·šā·ṯāThe governorH8660
√ Tirshâthâʼ — Tirshatha, the title of a Persian deputy or governorArticleAdjectivemasculine singular
Tirshâthâʼ: the title of a Persian deputy or governor The ruling is issued by an office, not a name. Geneva identifies the holder as Nehemiah and adds that the word in the Chaldee tongue means a butler; Barnes treats it as a title others may have held, and uses that to distinguish the Nehemiah of verse 7 from the governor. The text supplies no name, and this synthesis does not supply one either.
אֲשֶׁ֥ר’ă·šerH834
√ ʼăsher — who, which, what, thatPronounrelative
וַיֹּ֤אמֶרway·yō·merorderedH559
√ ʼâmar — to say (used with great latitude)Conjunctive wawVerbQalConsecutive imperfectthird person masculine singular
לָהֶ֔םlā·hemthem
Prepositionthird person masculine plural
לֹא־lō-notH3808
√ lôʼ — not (the simple or absAdverbNegative particle
יֹאכְל֖וּyō·ḵə·lūto eatH398
√ ʼâkal — to eat (literally or figuratively)VerbQalImperfectthird person masculine plural
מִקֹּ֣דֶשׁmiq·qō·ḏešthe most holy thingsH6944
√ qôdesh — a sacred place or thingPreposition-mNounmasculine singular construct
הַקֳּדָשִׁ֑יםhaq·qo·ḏā·šîm. . .H6944
√ qôdesh — a sacred place or thingArticleNounmasculine plural
עַ֛ד‘aḏuntilH5704
√ ʻad — as far (or long, or much) as, whether of space (even unto) or time (during, while, until) or degree (equally with)Preposition
עֲמֹ֥ד‘ă·mōḏthere wasH5975
√ ʻâmad — to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)VerbQalInfinitive construct
ʻâmad: to stand, in various relations ⚙ The verb of taking one's post. The case is not dismissed and not upheld; it is adjourned until someone stands. So far as the record runs, nobody does.
הַכֹּהֵ֖ןhak·kō·hêna priestH3548
√ kôhên — literally one officiating, a priestArticleNounmasculine singular
לְאוּרִ֥יםlə·’ū·rîmto consult the UrimH224
√ ʼÛwrîym — Urim, the oracular brilliancy of the figures in the high-priest's breastplatePreposition-lNounmasculine plural
ʼÛwrîym: Urim, the oracular brilliancy of the figures in the high-priest's breastplate The lexicon's gloss is a definition by appearance: brilliancy. Cambridge records that the Septuagint renders the phrase as the priest who will give light, and the Vulgate as a priest learned and instructed.
וְתוּמִּֽים׃wə·ṯūm·mîmand ThummimH8550
√ Tummîym — perfections, iConjunctive wawNounmasculine plural
Tummîym: perfections Paired with the lights. ⚙ The community suspends a verdict about who may eat the holy things until light and perfection are available, and writes the suspension down rather than deciding by the governor's authority.
66

The whole assembly numbered 42,360,

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

kāl- haq·qā·hāl kə·’e·ḥāḏ ’ar·ba‘ rib·bō·w ’al·pa·yim šə·lōš- mê·’ō·wṯ wə·šiš·šîm

Word by word9 · parsed
כָּל־kāl-The wholeH3605
√ kôl — properly, the wholeNounmasculine singular construct
הַקָּהָ֖לhaq·qā·hālassemblyH6951
√ qâhâl — assemblage (usually concretely)ArticleNounmasculine singular
qâhâl: assemblage, usually concretely The word used of Israel assembled at Sinai and in the sanctuary. ⚙ Its appearance here, over a figure that does not match the sum of the entries above it, is the register's boldest claim: this arithmetic is a congregation.
כְּאֶחָ֑דkə·’e·ḥāḏ[numbered]H259
√ ʼechâd — properly, united, iPreposition-kNumbermasculine singular
ʼechâd: properly united, one The people counted as-one, the same root that ended the total at verse 30. Hebrew's word for the number one is a word about being joined, which is why it can serve as a term for a body of forty-two thousand.
אַרְבַּ֣ע’ar·ba‘42,360 {}H702
√ ʼarbaʻ — fourNumberfeminine singular construct
רִבּ֔וֹאrib·bō·w. . .H7239
√ ribbôw — a myriad, iNumberfeminine singular
ribbôw: a myriad The largest unit in the Hebrew counting system, used only here in this unit. Pulpit notes that the identical grand total in Ezra and Nehemiah tells against the theory that the two registers were taken at different times and places.
אַלְפַּ֖יִם’al·pa·yim. . .H505
√ ʼeleph — hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousandNumbermd
שְׁלֹשׁ־šə·lōš-. . .H7969
√ shâlôwsh — threeNumberfeminine singular construct
מֵא֥וֹתmê·’ō·wṯ. . .H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfeminine plural
וְשִׁשִּֽׁים׃wə·šiš·šîm. . .H8346
√ shishshîym — sixtyConjunctive wawNumbercommon plural
67

in addition to their 7,337 menservants and maidservants, as well as their 245 male and female singers.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

mil·lə·ḇaḏ wə·lā·hem šiḇ·‘aṯ ’ă·lā·p̄îm šə·lōš mê·’ō·wṯ šə·lō·šîm wə·šiḇ·‘āh ‘aḇ·ḏê·hem wə·’am·hō·ṯê·hem ’êl·leh mā·ṯa·yim wə·’ar·bā·‘îm wa·ḥă·miš·šāh mə·šō·ră·rîm ū·mə·šō·ră·rō·wṯ

Word by word16 · parsed
מִ֠לְּבַדmil·lə·ḇaḏin addition toH905
√ bad — properly, separationPreposition-m, Preposition-lNounmasculine singular construct
bad: properly, separation ⚙ The grammar of this verse is exclusion, not supplement. Everything in it stands outside the assembly counted as one.
וְלָהֶ֗םwə·lā·hemtheir
Conjunctive wawPrepositionthird person masculine plural
שִׁבְעַ֣תšiḇ·‘aṯ7,337H7651
√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Numbermasculine singular construct
אֲלָפִ֔ים’ă·lā·p̄îm. . .H505
√ ʼeleph — hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousandNumbermasculine plural
שְׁלֹ֥שׁšə·lōš. . .H7969
√ shâlôwsh — threeNumberfeminine singular construct
מֵא֖וֹתmê·’ō·wṯ. . .H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfeminine plural
שְׁלֹשִׁ֣יםšə·lō·šîm. . .H7970
√ shᵉlôwshîym — thirtyNumbercommon plural
וְשִׁבְעָ֑הwə·šiḇ·‘āh. . .H7651
√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Conjunctive wawNumbermasculine singular
עַבְדֵיהֶ֤ם‘aḇ·ḏê·hemmenservantsH5650
√ ʻebed — a servantNounmasculine plural constructthird person masculine plural
ʻebed: a servant 7,337 bondservants attached to a community of 42,360, roughly one to six. The register states the figure and passes on, and no voice in the brief remarks on it.
וְאַמְהֹֽתֵיהֶם֙wə·’am·hō·ṯê·hemand maidservantsH519
√ ʼâmâh — a maidservant or female slaveConjunctive wawNounfeminine plural constructthird person masculine plural
אֵ֔לֶּה’êl·leh. . .H428
√ ʼêl-leh — these or thosePronouncommon plural
מָאתַ֖יִםmā·ṯa·yimas well as their 245H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfd
וְאַרְבָּעִ֥יםwə·’ar·bā·‘îm. . .H705
√ ʼarbâʻîym — fortyConjunctive wawNumbercommon plural
וַחֲמִשָּֽׁה׃סwa·ḥă·miš·šāh. . .H2568
√ châmêsh — fiveConjunctive wawNumbermasculine singular
מְשֹֽׁרֲרִים֙mə·šō·ră·rîmmale and female singersH7891
√ shîyr — to singVerbPielParticiplemasculine plural
shîyr: to sing (Piel participle) The only place in the unit where women are counted. Cambridge notes that Ezra 2:65 reads two hundred against this verse's 245, and Pulpit judges Ezra's the round number, with 1 Esdras confirming Nehemiah.
וּמְשֹׁ֣רֲר֔וֹתū·mə·šō·ră·rō·wṯ. . .H7891
√ shîyr — to singConjunctive wawVerbPielParticiplefeminine plural
68

⚙ The critical text omits the original-language words of this verse (a textual variant); the BSB prints it. No word cards are shown — a stated gap, not invented text.

69

435 camels, and 6,720 donkeys.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

’ar·ba‘ mê·’ō·wṯ šə·lō·šîm wa·ḥă·miš·šå̄·hs gə·mal·lîm šê·šeṯ ’ă·lā·p̄îm šə·ḇa‘ mê·’ō·wṯ wə·‘eś·rîm ḥă·mō·rîm

Word by word11 · parsed
אַרְבַּ֥ע’ar·ba‘435H702
√ ʼarbaʻ — fourNumberfeminine singular
מֵא֖וֹתmê·’ō·wṯ. . .H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfeminine plural construct
שְׁלֹשִׁ֣יםšə·lō·šîm. . .H7970
√ shᵉlôwshîym — thirtyNumbercommon plural
וַחֲמִשָּׁ֑הסwa·ḥă·miš·šå̄·hs. . .H2568
√ châmêsh — fiveConjunctive wawNumbermasculine singular
גְּמַלִּ֕יםgə·mal·lîmcamelsH1581
√ gâmâl — a camelNounmasculine plural
gâmâl: a camel ⚙ The register ends in livestock. A document that has just declined to state a man's ancestry is exact about 435 camels, and that combination is the unit's own standard of honesty: count what is countable, and say plainly what is not.
שֵׁ֣שֶׁתšê·šeṯand 6,720H8337
√ shêsh — six (as an overplus beyond five or the fingers of the hand)Numbermasculine singular construct
אֲלָפִ֔ים’ă·lā·p̄îm. . .H505
√ ʼeleph — hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousandNumbermasculine plural
שְׁבַ֥עšə·ḇa‘. . .H7651
√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Numberfeminine singular construct
מֵא֖וֹתmê·’ō·wṯ. . .H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfeminine plural
וְעֶשְׂרִֽים׃wə·‘eś·rîm. . .H6242
√ ʻesrîym — twentyConjunctive wawNumbercommon plural
חֲמֹרִ֕יםḥă·mō·rîmdonkeysH2543
√ chămôwr — a male ass (from its dun red)Nounmasculine plural
chămôwr: a male ass, from its dun red 6,720 of them, the largest number in the chapter after the assembly itself. These are the animals that carried a people and its goods from Babylon to Judah, and they are the last thing Scripture counts here.

The verse-by-verse work is done. What follows gathers the whole unit. All three layers below are machine-generated (⚙). Weigh them; they have no authority.

Grand Commentary — the unit, read whole

synthesis · verify

AI synthesis — woven from the public-domain voices above and the original text; generated and fallible.

i. A wide city, and hands empty — 7:4

The unit opens on a measurement rather than a victory. The Hebrew calls Jerusalem רַחֲבַת יָדַיִם (raḥăḇaṯ yāḏayim), wide of two hands, and the commentators reach for three different English idioms to hold it: K&D gives broads on both sides, that is, regarded from the centre towards either the right or left hand; Cambridge gives wide on both hands; Pulpit settles for broad every way. The width is the problem, not the achievement. JFB notes that the walls were evidently built on the old foundations, so the finished circuit enclosed the pre-exilic city, and Gill reports from Hecataeus and Josephus a circumference of something over six miles. Barnes supplies the arithmetic that makes the gap ache: those who returned with Zerubbabel were no more than 42,360, and fewer than two thousand came with Ezra. ⚙ So the verse is a ratio. On the last clause the witnesses are unusually careful with each other: K&D insists it does not say that there were no houses at all, since the city had been re-inhabited for ninety years; Cambridge says the expression cannot be understood literally and means large open spaces within the walls unoccupied; Benson and Poole, in almost the same words, allow only some slight buildings of boards or stones for present use. Nothing in בְּנוּיִם, a bare Qal passive participle, says rebuilt or yet.

ii. The heart God moved, and the roll that was found — 7:5 to 7:7

The remedy is not masonry but a list. וַיִּתֵּן אֱלֹהַי אֶל־לִבִּי: my God gave unto my heart, with no object in the Hebrew at all. Every voice in the brief pauses here rather than at the census. Poole: this action, though merely prudential, he doth not ascribe to himself, or his own wit, but to the gift and grace of God. Benson draws the general rule, that whatever good motion is put into our minds, we must acknowledge it to come from God. JFB says the same and adds why it is worth saying: the arrangement was dictated by mere common prudence. Ellicott observes that the reckoning is determined on, not without express Divine suggestion, and that the allusion to this inspiration from God is, as at Nehemiah 2:12, very emphatic. K&D reads the phrase simply as God inspired me with the resolution. ⚙ The governing verb of the plan is לְהִתְיַחֵשׂ, a Hitpael: not to be enrolled by someone but to enrol oneself, to produce one's own line. That reflexive is what fails in verse 64, and knowing it in advance changes how the sixty verses between are read. Nehemiah then finds rather than composes: K&D notes that the phrase and I found written therein is simply the formula introducing the quoted document, and that the list at verses 6 to 73a is identical with Ezra 2. Pulpit, alone among these voices, wonders aloud whether the document was originally Nehemiah's find and was later moved by an arranger into the early chapters of Ezra, and says frankly that the double record enables us to make out a more perfect catalogue than we could have obtained from either separately. Gill's Geneva-era explanation of the differences runs the other way: the Ezra list was made in Babylon at the registration and this one in Judea after arrival, so deaths, changes of mind and late joiners account for the numbers, and copyists or double names for the spellings. JFB gives the same reconstruction and Cambridge and Pulpit patiently annotate the individual variants, Azariah for Seraiah, Raamiah for Reelaiah, Mispereth for Mizpar, Nehum for Rehum, and Nahamani not in Ezra at all.

iii. The naming: families, towns, and orders — 7:8 to 7:60

⚙ The body of the unit is one construct phrase repeated: בְּנֵי plus a name plus a number, scores of times, with the pattern broken deliberately at four points. At verse 26 the formula switches from sons to אַנְשֵׁי, men of, and the second slot stops being a father and becomes a town: Bethlehem, Anathoth, Michmash, Bethel, Ramah, Jericho. Cambridge and Pulpit both record that Ezra and Nehemiah differ over which entries take which heading. The register is thus doing two kinds of bookkeeping at once, descent and address, which is exactly what Poole says the census was for: that it might appear to what families each person belonged, and where their ancient habitations lay. Then at verse 39 the orders begin, and the numbers turn strange. JFB observes that only four of the courses of the priests returned from the captivity, and that the course of Abia is not in the list, though those four were afterwards divided into twenty-four which retained the names of the original courses which David appointed. Against roughly 4,300 priests stand 74 Levites, 148 singers, 138 gatekeepers and 392 temple servants and sons of Solomon's servants together. ⚙ The proportions are not commented on by any voice in this brief, and they should not be smoothed over: the house that supplies the altar came back nearly intact, the houses that supply the daily labour of the sanctuary came back in fragments. The Nethinim, הַנְּתִינִים, are literally the given ones, and their names in verses 46 to 56 are the least Israelite in the chapter, Sisera among them. They are counted anyway, which is the point at which this list stops being a proof of purity and starts being a record of who actually came.

iv. Those who could not prove it — 7:61 to 7:65

The register's last section is an honest account of its own failure. וְלֹא יָכְלוּ לְהַגִּיד בֵּית־אֲבוֹתָם: they were not able to declare their fathers' house. Six hundred and forty-two people are entered by name and number while being told that their standing cannot be established, and the compiler keeps them on the page. Then the priests: בִּקְשׁוּ כְתָבָם הַמִּתְיַחְשִׂים וְלֹא נִמְצָא, they sought their writing, the ones enrolling themselves, and it was not found. The verb וַיְגֹאֲלוּ is a Pual of a root meaning to soil or desecrate, which Cambridge notes the Revised Version renders as deemed polluted and put from the priesthood, with a margin recording the blunter Hebrew, they were polluted from. ⚙ Nobody accuses these men of anything. They are excluded by an absence of paper. Verse 65 then suspends rather than closes the case: the Tirshatha forbids the most holy things only עַד עֲמֹד הַכֹּהֵן לְאוּרִים וְתוּמִּים, until a priest stands up for Urim and Thummim. Geneva identifies the Tirshatha as Nehemiah and adds that the word in the Chaldee tongue means a butler; Barnes, on the other hand, treats Tirshatha as an official title likely to have belonged to others besides Nehemiah, and uses that to keep the Nehemiah of verse 7 distinct from the governor. Cambridge notes that the Hebrew says the priest, definite, and records the Septuagint's rendering as the priest who will give light. ⚙ The community therefore files an unresolved question rather than settling it by authority, and files it in writing.

v. The sum, and the beasts that carried it — 7:66 to 7:69

The totals do not add up, and the chapter does not pretend otherwise. כָּל־הַקָּהָל כְּאֶחָד, the whole assembly as one, is 42,360, while the individual entries in both Ezra 2 and this chapter fall well short of that figure. Pulpit states the problem plainly: that the sum total is the same in both lists tells against the theory that one was taken in Babylon and the other in Judea, and he judges Bishop Kennicott's theory, that the three lists had all one original and that the existing differences proceed entirely from mistakes of the copyists, to be the only tenable one, noting that the variations run in single units, tens, hundreds and fives, exactly as the fading of one sign would produce in a Roman or Egyptian notation. Cambridge reports that verse 68 is absent from some of the oldest Hebrew manuscripts and is not counted in the Massoretic reckoning of the book's verses, though Ezra, 1 Esdras, the Septuagint and the Vulgate all support it. ⚙ This unit is therefore the place in Scripture where the text most openly shows its own seams, and the last thing counted is livestock: 435 camels and 6,720 donkeys, the animals that carried the people and their goods the eight hundred miles home. A book that has just refused to guess at a man's ancestry is willing to be exact about donkeys.

Read under Sola Scriptura — this tool’s own fallible reading (⚙)

⚙ Under Sola Scriptura, offered to be tested and not to be believed: the text of Nehemiah 7 answers an emptiness with a document, and the order of that answer is the argument. The wall is finished, the gates are hung, and the city is still רַחֲבַת יָדַיִם, wide of two hands, with nobody in it. What God gives to Nehemiah's heart is not a building programme but a list of names, because the lack was never masonry. Read that way, the sixty verses of numbers stop being an interruption and become the substance: a wall is what a city has, a people is what a city is. Two features of the list resist any tidy reading and should not be tidied. First, it keeps the ones it cannot verify. Six hundred and forty-two people who could not declare their fathers' house are written down by name and number in the same hand that writes down Parosh and Pahath-Moab; the priests of Hobaiah, Hakkoz and Barzillai are recorded as excluded rather than erased. The register is not a purity certificate. It is a record of who was actually there, including those whose right to be there could not be shown. Second, it leaves a question open. Verse 65 does not decide the priests' case; it defers it until a priest stands for Urim and Thummim, a priest who, so far as the book reports, never comes. A community that could have settled the matter by the governor's word chose instead to wait, and to write down that it was waiting. ⚙ That combination, exactness about donkeys and honesty about ancestry, is the disposition this unit commends: count what you can count, say plainly what you cannot establish, and keep the unresolved case on the page for someone with better light. The line set beside this reading below is the tool's own sentence and not a verse of Scripture.

The city was already wide enough; what it lacked was names.

Canonical Threads — out to the whole of Scripture

cross-refs · verify

AI-generated connections. Each carries a verification badge with a recorded basis; contested links are flagged.

The same twelve at the head of the same roll verbal / quotation: confirmed

The leaders named in verse 7, Zerubbabel, Jeshua, Nehemiah, Azariah, Raamiah, Nahamani, Mordecai, Bilshan, Mispereth, Bigvai, Nehum and Baanah, stand at the head of Ezra 2:2 as well, and the Verifier confirms shared Hebrew lexemes across the two verses, among them נְחֶמְיָה (H5166, a name occurring in only 8 verses of the canon) and בַּעֲנָה (H1196, in 9). K&D states the relation without hedging: this list, verses 6 to 73a, is identical with that in Ezra 2. JFB accounts for the small divergences by the two registers having been drawn up in different places and years, and Cambridge and Pulpit annotate the individual variants, Nahamani being present here and absent in Ezra. ⚙ This is one document transmitted twice, not two witnesses agreeing.

Ezra 2:2

basis: Verifier: shared Hebrew lexemes H5166 Nᵉchemyâh (in 8 vv), H1196 Baʻănâh (in 9 vv), H4782 Mordᵉkay (in 52 vv) between Nehemiah 7:7 and Ezra 2:2; the rare personal names plus K&D's statement that the two lists are identical establish textual identity, not merely allusion

The given ones, named twice in the same order verbal / quotation: confirmed

The Nethinim of verses 46 to 56 appear in Ezra 2:43 to 54 in the same sequence and with the same spellings, give or take a consonant. The Verifier's bases are as rare as bases get: חֲשֻׂפָא (H2817) and פָדוֹן (H6303) and סִיעָא (H5517) and קֵירֹס (H7026) each occur in exactly 2 verses of the whole canon, and those two verses are the two halves of this pair. Cambridge and Pulpit note only orthographic differences and one name, Akkub, dropped here. ⚙ These are the men the lexicon calls given to that duty, with the least Israelite names in the chapter, and they are the part of the register transmitted most exactly.

Ezra 2:43 · Ezra 2:44 · Ezra 2:45

basis: Verifier: shared Hebrew lexemes H5411 Nâthîyn (in 14 vv), H2817 Chăsûwphâʼ (in 2 vv), H6727 Tsîychâʼ (in 3 vv) at Ezra 2:43; H6303 Pâdôwn (in 2 vv), H5517 Çîyʻâʼ (in 2 vv), H7026 Qêyrôç (in 2 vv) at Ezra 2:44; H2286 Chăgâbâʼ (in 2 vv), H3838 Lᵉbânâʼ (in 2 vv) at Ezra 2:45. Lexemes occurring in only two verses canon-wide fix the link as quotation

Solomon's servants, still counted after four centuries verbal / quotation: confirmed

Verses 57 to 59 list the sons of the servants of Solomon, and Ezra 2:55 to 57 lists them identically. The Verifier gives סוֹפֶרֶת (H5618), סוֹטַי (H5479) and פְרִידָא (H6514), each attested in only 2 verses of the canon, both of them here. Pulpit observes that this section and the one after it are nearly identical in Ezra and Nehemiah, with a few names only slightly different. ⚙ The names have no meaning left in the lexicon beyond the men who bore them, which is the point worth noting: a labour corps conscripted under Solomon was still a recognised household in the Persian province, and the compiler wrote it down rather than absorbing it into the general count.

Ezra 2:55 · Ezra 2:56

basis: Verifier: shared Hebrew lexemes H5618 Çôphereth (in 2 vv), H5479 Çôwṭay (in 2 vv), H6514 Pᵉrûwdâʼ (in 2 vv) at Ezra 2:55; H1435 Giddêl (in 4 vv), H1874 Darqôwn (in 2 vv) at Ezra 2:56

Tel-melah and Tel-harsha: the ones who could not declare their house verbal / quotation: confirmed

Verse 61 and Ezra 2:59 record the same company coming up from Tel-melah, Tel-harsha, Cherub, Addon and Immer, unable to declare their fathers' house or their seed, whether they were of Israel. The Verifier gives תֵּל מֶלַח (H8528), a place name occurring in only 2 verses of the canon, together with אִמֵּר (H564, in 10). ⚙ Both witnesses to this register preserve the failure, and preserve it with the same detail: the Babylonian mound names, the exact total, and the blunt admission. Whatever else the two lists disagree about, they do not disagree about this.

Ezra 2:59

basis: Verifier: shared Hebrew lexemes H8528 Têl Melach (in 2 vv) and H564 ʼImmêr (in 10 vv) between Nehemiah 7:61 and Ezra 2:59; a place name attested in only two verses canon-wide is a rare lexeme

Four courses returned, and the course of Abijah structural / thematic: confirmed

Verses 39 to 42 name four priestly houses, Jedaiah, Immer, Pashhur and Harim, and no others. JFB draws the consequence: it appears that only four of the courses of the priests returned from the captivity, and that the course of Abia is not in the list, though those four were afterwards divided into twenty-four which retained the names of the original courses which David appointed. The course of Abijah is where Luke opens his Gospel, with Zechariah serving in it. ⚙ The link is real and it is structural, not verbal: the connection runs between a Hebrew list and a Greek narrative, so no shared Strong's lexeme exists or could exist, and the bridge is an institutional one traced by JFB rather than a quotation. Stated at its strongest it says only this: the priestly order in which Luke 1 begins was not itself among the houses that came back, and existed in the second temple by a later redivision.

Luke 1:5

basis: Cross-Testament Greek to Hebrew link, so shared Strong's numbers are impossible by construction and no verbal tier is available. The recorded basis is JFB's institutional observation on Nehemiah 7:39 that only four courses returned, that the course of Abia is not in this list, and that the four were later divided into twenty-four bearing the Davidic course names

Who the Tirshatha was, and whether it settles the Nehemiah of verse 7 flagged: verify source

Verse 65 attributes the ruling on the disqualified priests to הַתִּרְשָׁתָא, the Tirshatha, which the lexicon defines as the title of a Persian deputy or governor. Geneva identifies the holder outright as Nehemiah and adds that Tirshatha in the Chaldee tongue means a butler. Barnes argues in the opposite direction, treating Tirshatha as an official title likely to have belonged to others besides Nehemiah, and using that to allow the Nehemiah of verse 7 and Ezra 2:2 to be a person different from Nehemiah the governor. ⚙ The two readings cannot both stand, and neither is settled by anything in this unit: the text gives a title, not a name. The identification affects whether the governor's own name appears near the head of a register he is said to have found, so it is flagged rather than decided here.

Ezra 2:63 · Nehemiah 7:7

basis: Contested within the brief's own witnesses: Geneva identifies the Tirshatha as Nehemiah, while Barnes treats it as an official title possibly held by others and distinguishes the Nehemiah of 7:7 from the governor. No Verifier lexeme basis is claimed for the identification, which rests on commentary judgment about a Persian office title

Christ in the Unittypology · verify

AI-generated reading; weigh it against the text.

The line kept, so that it could be shown where the Messiah sprang ancient/widely-held

Gill states the purpose plainly on verse 5: the reckoning was not only of use for the present purpose of Nehemiah, but was of service hereafter to show the pedigree of families, and that it might be clearly known from whence the Messiah sprung. That is a claim about what this ledger is for, and it is made by a commentator reading with the whole canon open. ⚙ The name at the head of the register in verse 7 is Zerubbabel, and Zerubbabel stands in Matthew's genealogy as the son of Shealtiel and the father of Abiud, and in Luke's as well. A chapter that exists because a man could not prove his descent turns out to be part of the apparatus by which another man's descent was provable. ⚙ Under-claim rather than over-claim here: nothing in Nehemiah 7 predicts a Messiah, and the register makes no such claim for itself. What the text does is keep records, and Gill's point is that keeping records was not a neutral act.

Matthew 1:12 · Luke 3:27 · Nehemiah 7:7

Until a priest stands for Urim and Thummim novel

Verse 65 leaves a case open with a temporal clause: עַד עֲמֹד הַכֹּהֵן לְאוּרִים וְתוּמִּים, until the priest stands for Urim and Thummim. Cambridge notes that the Hebrew is definite, the priest, and that the Septuagint renders the phrase as the priest who will give light, while the Vulgate has a priest learned and instructed. The Urim, by the lexicon, is the oracular brilliancy of the figures in the high priest's breastplate, and the Thummim is perfections. ⚙ The verb is עָמַד, to stand up, the standard verb for a priest taking his post. So the disqualified men are not condemned; they are told to wait for someone to stand who can decide what the documents cannot. So far as the record goes, that priest never stood in the second temple. The Christian reading that the decisive priest is Christ is not made by any voice in this brief and is not asserted as the text's own meaning; it is offered as this tool's fallible reading of a deliberately unresolved verse, and should be weighed as that. What can be said without inference is narrower and still worth saying: the community declined to close a question about who may approach the holy things, and left it open for light it did not have.

Nehemiah 7:65 · Hebrews 7:23-25

Kept on the roll without a proof novel

⚙ Verses 61 to 64 do something the rest of the chapter makes surprising. Six hundred and forty-two people whose Israelite descent could not be established are written into the register by name and number, and three priestly houses are recorded as having sought their writing and not found it. The compiler could have omitted them. He entered them instead, with the disqualification attached. ⚙ Offered as a fallible reading: the shape of that decision, a record that keeps the unprovable rather than tidying them away, is the shape the New Testament claims for the book of life, where standing rests on a name being written rather than on a genealogy being produced. This is a resemblance, not a prophecy, and no commentator in this brief draws it. It is marked novel for that reason, and the reader should test it against the text rather than accept it on the tool's word.

Nehemiah 7:61-64 · Revelation 21:27

Apparatus & Provenance

The biblical text is the Berean Standard Bible (BSB), public domain (CC0). Hebrew/Greek text, transliteration, morphology and Strong’s are transcribed from the Berean interlinear (CC0) + Strong’s lexicons (PD); the literal renderings, divergence notes, word notes and all synthesis are this tool’s own work (⚙) — fallible; verify them.

Named voices, quoted verbatim from public-domain works:

  • Albert Barnes, Notes on the Bible (1834)
  • Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges, (1880s)
  • Charles Ellicott, Commentary for English Readers (1878)
  • Geneva Study Bible, Marginal Notes (1599)
  • Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory (1871)
  • John Gill, Exposition of the Entire Bible (1746–63)
  • Joseph Benson, Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1810s)
  • Keil & Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament (1860s)
  • Matthew Henry, Concise Commentary on the Whole Bible (1706)
  • Matthew Poole, Annotations upon the Holy Bible (1685)
  • The Pulpit Commentary, Spence & Exell, eds. (1880s)

Text: BSB (CC0) with the Berean interlinear and Strong's numbers, verbatim public-domain commentary, and Verifier-computed thread bases. Every sourced fact above comes from that brief; the ⚙ material is this tool's own and is fallible.

What is uncertain in this unit, stated plainly. First, the totals. The individual figures in verses 8 to 60 do not sum to the 42,360 of verse 66, and the same is true of the parallel in Ezra 2. Pulpit judges Bishop Kennicott's theory, that the lists had one original and the differences are copyists' errors, the only tenable one, and notes that the variants cluster in single units, tens, hundreds and fives, as the fading of one sign in a Roman or Egyptian notation would produce. Gill and JFB prefer a historical explanation, that the Ezra register was drawn up in Babylon at registration and this one in Judea after arrival. These explanations are not compatible, and this unit does not decide between them.

Second, verse 68. Cambridge records that it is absent from some of the oldest Hebrew manuscripts and is not counted in the Massoretic verse total for the book, though Ezra, 1 Esdras, the Septuagint and the Vulgate support it; the brief supplies no interlinear and no BSB text for it, so no literal, divergences or notes are offered for that verse here. Third, verses 12 and 34 both read Elam with the identical figure 1,254, and no voice in the brief accounts for the doubling; it is left unexplained rather than harmonised. Fourth, several conjectural emendations are reported above as conjectures and not adopted: Cambridge's proposal that unto Babylon dropped out of verse 6, Pulpit's and Cambridge's suggestion that the other in verse 33 was copied in from verse 34, and Pulpit's correction of verse 43 from Ezra 2:40 and 3:9.

Fifth, identity questions. Whether the Tirshatha of verse 65 is Nehemiah is disputed between Geneva and Barnes, and whether the Nehemiah of verse 7 is the governor depends on it; both are flagged above rather than settled. Sixth, the Christ readings: the first is Gill's own stated purpose for the register and is marked widely held; the second and third are this tool's readings, marked novel, and no commentator in the brief supports them. Where a tier could be argued either up or down, it has been set lower.

= human, public-domain source, quoted and named. = machine synthesis, to be verified. Flagged cross-references are left visible on purpose — the verifier working in the open. “Search the Scriptures daily, whether those things were so.” (Acts 17:11)