The Fallible Study Bible

The Fallible · Synthetic · Study Bible

Numbers26:48–51

The Tribe of Naphtali

✦ Public-domain source — quoted & attributed⚙ AI synthesis — generated, verify

Numbers 26:48–51 — The Tribe of Naphtali. Each verse below carries the full apparatus: the Berean Standard Bible, the vocalized original (tap any word), and a parsed breakdown of every term transcribed from the interlinear. Synthesized commentary, canonical threads, and the reading of Christ gather at the end, over the whole unit.

48

These were the descendants of Naphtali by their clans: The Jahzeelite clan from Jahzeel, the Gunite clan from Guni,

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

bə·nê nap̄·tā·lî lə·miš·pə·ḥō·ṯām hay·yaḥ·ṣə·’ê·lî miš·pa·ḥaṯ lə·yaḥ·ṣə·’êl hag·gū·nî miš·pa·ḥaṯ lə·ḡū·nî

Word by word9 · parsed
בְּנֵ֤יbə·nê[These were] the descendantsH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
bənê — construct “sons of,” the load-bearing word of every genealogy; here it opens the last tribe in the list.
נַפְתָּלִי֙nap̄·tā·lîof NaphtaliH5321
√ Naphtâlîy — Naphtali, a son of Jacob, with the tribe descended from him, and its territoryNounpropermasculine singular
Naphtali, sixth son of Jacob, born to Bilhah, Rachel’s servant (Genesis 30:8). Per Keil & Delitzsch, the four families listed here “tally with the sons of Naphtali in Genesis 46:24 and 1 Chronicles 7:30” — the census is checking the nation’s books against the founding family record.
לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֔םlə·miš·pə·ḥō·ṯāmby their clansH4940
√ mishpâchâh — a family, iPreposition-lNounfeminine plural constructthird person masculine plural
ləmishpəḥōṯām — “by their clans” (mishpāḥâh, H4940); the refrain word, occurring some 224 times in Scripture, that structures Numbers 26 tribe by tribe. Mishpāḥâh is the kinship clan between household and tribe — the unit through which inheritance and land-allotment would later be reckoned (cf. 26:53–56), so this is not idle list-making but the legal skeleton on which Canaan is about to be divided.
הַיַּחְצְאֵלִ֑יhay·yaḥ·ṣə·’ê·lîThe JahzeeliteH3184
√ Yachtsᵉʼêlîy — a Jachtseelite (collectively) or descendants of JachtseelArticleNounpropermasculine singular
hay-yaḥṣəʼēlî — “the Jahzeelite”; the gentilic absorbs the ancestor’s name (Jahzeel) into the living family.
מִשְׁפַּ֖חַתmiš·pa·ḥaṯclanH4940
√ mishpâchâh — a family, iNounfeminine singular construct
mishpaḥaṯ — “clan of,” singular construct; paired with each named son.
לְיַ֨חְצְאֵ֔לlə·yaḥ·ṣə·’êlfrom JahzeelH3183
√ Yachtsᵉʼêl — Jachtseel, an IsraelitePreposition-lNounpropermasculine singular
Jahzeel (H3183) — a rare name occurring in only two verses in the whole Hebrew Bible; spelled Jahziel at 1 Chronicles 7:13. Its scarcity is exactly what makes the cross-link to Genesis 46:24 a verbal, not merely thematic, tie.
הַגּוּנִֽי׃hag·gū·nîthe GuniteH1477
√ Gûwnîy — a Gunite (collectively with article prefix) or descendants of GuniArticleNounpropermasculine singular
Guni (H1477) — another rare gentilic; the name appears in only four verses across Scripture, which anchors the Genesis 46:24 / 1 Chronicles 7:13 thread.
מִשְׁפַּ֖חַתmiš·pa·ḥaṯclanH4940
√ mishpâchâh — a family, iNounfeminine singular construct
לְגוּנִ֕יlə·ḡū·nîfrom GuniH1476
√ Gûwnîy — Guni, the name of two IsraelitesPreposition-lNounpropermasculine singular
49

the Jezerite clan from Jezer, and the Shillemite clan from Shillem.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

hay·yiṣ·rî miš·pa·ḥaṯ lə·yê·ṣer haš·šil·lê·mî miš·pa·ḥaṯ lə·šil·lêm

Word by word6 · parsed
הַיִּצְרִ֑יhay·yiṣ·rîthe JezeriteH3340
√ Yitsrîy — a Jitsrite (collectively) or descendants of JetserArticleNounpropermasculine singular
hay-yiṣrî — “the Jezerite”; the gentilic of Jezer (Iezer), Naphtali’s third son.
מִשְׁפַּ֖חַתmiš·pa·ḥaṯclanH4940
√ mishpâchâh — a family, iNounfeminine singular construct
mishpaḥaṯ — “clan of,” the construct repeated for each family unit.
לְיֵ֕צֶרlə·yê·ṣerfrom JezerH3337
√ Yêtser — Jetser, an IsraelitePreposition-lNounpropermasculine singular
Jezer (H3337) — the eponymous ancestor; a name found in only three verses, contributing to the verbal weight of the 1 Chronicles 7:13 parallel.
הַשִּׁלֵּמִֽי׃haš·šil·lê·mî[and] the ShillemiteH8016
√ Shillêmîy — a Shilemite (collectively) or descendants of ShillemArticleNounpropermasculine singular
hash-shillēmî — “the Shillemite”; the article + gentilic naming Naphtali’s fourth family. The BSB’s “and” is an English connective, not in the Hebrew.
מִשְׁפַּ֖חַתmiš·pa·ḥaṯclanH4940
√ mishpâchâh — a family, iNounfeminine singular construct
mishpaḥaṯ — “clan of”; closes the fourfold pattern (× four families) that marks Naphtali.
לְשִׁלֵּ֕םlə·šil·lêmfrom ShillemH8006
√ Shillêm — Shillem, an IsraelitePreposition-lNounpropermasculine singular
Shillem (H8006) — the last-named son; written Shallum in 1 Chronicles 7:13, a reminder that the lists preserve real textual variation across the canon.
50

These were the clans of Naphtali, and their registration numbered 45,400.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

’êl·leh lə·miš·pə·ḥō·ṯām miš·pə·ḥōṯ nap̄·tā·lî ū·p̄ə·qu·ḏê·hem ḥă·miš·šāh wə·’ar·bā·‘îm ’e·lep̄ wə·’ar·ba‘ mê·’ō·wṯ

Word by word10 · parsed
אֵ֛לֶּה’êl·lehThese [were]H428
√ ʼêl-leh — these or thosePronouncommon plural
’ēlleh — “these,” the closing formula that brackets the tribe (it opened nothing; it sums up).
לְמִשְׁפְּחֹתָ֑םlə·miš·pə·ḥō·ṯām. . .H4940
√ mishpâchâh — a family, iPreposition-lNounfeminine plural constructthird person masculine plural
ləmishpəḥōṯām — “by their clans”; the gloss leaves it untranslated in the BSB flow, but it repeats the organizing word a final time.
מִשְׁפְּחֹ֥תmiš·pə·ḥōṯthe clansH4940
√ mishpâchâh — a family, iNounfeminine plural construct
mishpəḥōṯ — “the clans of,” feminine plural construct, gathering the four families under one head.
נַפְתָּלִ֖יnap̄·tā·lîof NaphtaliH5321
√ Naphtâlîy — Naphtali, a son of Jacob, with the tribe descended from him, and its territoryNounpropermasculine singular
Naphtali — the tribe named one last time as the count is sealed.
וּפְקֻ֣דֵיהֶ֔םū·p̄ə·qu·ḏê·hemand their registration numberedH6485
√ pâqad — to visit (with friendly or hostile intent)Conjunctive wawVerbQalQalPassParticiplemasculine plural constructthird person masculine plural
û-pəquḏêhem — “and their mustered ones”; the Qal passive participle of pāqad (H6485), the governing verb of the whole census. The root spans “muster, number, appoint, attend to, visit” — the same word for the LORD who “visited” Sarah in mercy (Genesis 21:1) and who “visits” iniquity in judgment (Exodus 20:5). Israel is therefore not self-tallied but visited and reckoned by the One who commanded the count (26:1–2); to be in the muster is to be on the LORD’s books for good or ill.
חֲמִשָּׁ֧הḥă·miš·šāh. . . 45,400H2568
√ châmêsh — fiveNumbermasculine singular
ḥămishšāh — “five”; the units digit, beginning the spelled-out 45,400.
וְאַרְבָּעִ֛יםwə·’ar·bā·‘îm. . .H705
√ ʼarbâʻîym — fortyConjunctive wawNumbercommon plural
wə’arbāʻîm — “and forty.” Per Gill, this 45,400 is “8000 less than it was when first numbered” (53,400 at Numbers 1:43) — Naphtali shrank where neighboring tribes grew.
אֶ֖לֶף’e·lep̄. . .H505
√ ʼeleph — hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousandNumbermasculine singular
’elep̄ — “thousand” (H505); the term doubles as “clan/unit,” the very word picture that lies behind a census counted in round thousands.
וְאַרְבַּ֥עwə·’ar·ba‘. . .H702
√ ʼarbaʻ — fourConjunctive wawNumberfeminine singular construct
wə’arbaʻ — “and four,” feminine construct agreeing with “hundreds.”
מֵאֽוֹת׃mê·’ō·wṯ. . .H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfeminine plural
mē’ôṯ — “hundreds.” The tribe’s total resolves to an even century — the Pulpit Commentary notes the numbers “were taken by centuries, as before.”
51

These men of Israel numbered 601,730 in all.

Berean Standard Bible · CC0

Hebrew — tap a word ↓

’êl·leh bə·nê yiś·rā·’êl pə·qū·ḏê šêš- mê·’ō·wṯ ’e·lep̄ wā·’ā·lep̄ šə·ḇa‘ mê·’ō·wṯ ū·šə·lō·šîm

Word by word11 · parsed
אֵ֗לֶּה’êl·lehTheseH428
√ ʼêl-leh — these or thosePronouncommon plural
’ēlleh — “these,” the climactic demonstrative that closes the entire census, not just Naphtali.
בְּנֵ֣יbə·nêmenH1121
√ bên — a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etcNounmasculine plural construct
bənê — “sons of,” construct; the same word that opened Naphtali’s list (v. 48) now opens the nation’s grand sum.
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔לyiś·rā·’êlof IsraelH3478
√ Yisrâʼêl — Jisrael, a symbolical name of JacobNounpropermasculine singular
Israel (H3478) — “he strives/persists with God,” the name God gave Jacob after the Jabbok wrestling (Genesis 32:28). The grand total is reckoned not under Jacob’s birth-name but under the covenant name, so the head-count is bound to the promise that the wrestler’s seed would become a nation (Genesis 35:11) — the very promise this near-identical 601,730 quietly proves was kept across the wilderness.
פְּקוּדֵי֙pə·qū·ḏênumberedH6485
√ pâqad — to visit (with friendly or hostile intent)VerbQalQalPassParticiplemasculine plural construct
pəqûḏê — “the mustered of”; the passive participle of pāqad framing the whole as a divine visitation-by-census.
שֵׁשׁ־šêš-601,730 [in all]H8337
√ shêsh — six (as an overplus beyond five or the fingers of the hand)Numberfeminine singular construct
šēš — “six” (hundred); the head of the grand total 601,730. Barnes: “a decrease of 1,820 from the number at Sinai; a decrease due to the recent plague.”
מֵא֥וֹתmê·’ō·wṯ. . .H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfeminine plural construct
mē’ôṯ — “hundreds” (here × six = six hundred).
אֶ֖לֶף’e·lep̄. . .H505
√ ʼeleph — hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousandNumbermasculine singular
’elep̄ — “thousand”; “six hundred thousand” — the round figure that has shadowed Israel since the Exodus (Exodus 12:37).
וָאָ֑לֶףwā·’ā·lep̄. . .H505
√ ʼeleph — hence (the ox's head being the first letter of the alphabet, and this eventually used as a numeral) a thousandConjunctive wawNumbermasculine singular
wā’ālep̄ — “and a thousand”; the extra single thousand making 601,000.
שְׁבַ֥עšə·ḇa‘. . .H7651
√ shebaʻ — seven (as the sacred full one)Numberfeminine singular construct
šəḇaʻ — “seven” (hundred); part of the trailing 730.
מֵא֖וֹתmê·’ō·wṯ. . .H3967
√ mêʼâh — a hundredNumberfeminine plural
mē’ôṯ — “hundreds” (× seven = seven hundred).
וּשְׁלֹשִֽׁים׃פū·šə·lō·šîm. . .H7970
√ shᵉlôwshîym — thirtyConjunctive wawNumbercommon plural
ûšəlōšîm — “and thirty.” Geneva’s marginal note: “This is the third time that they are numbered” — the odd thirty (not a round century) is the one irregular digit in the whole tally, which the Pulpit Commentary remarks upon.

The verse-by-verse work is done. What follows gathers the whole unit. All three layers below are machine-generated (⚙). Weigh them; they have no authority.

⚙

Grand Commentary — the unit, read whole

synthesis · verify

AI synthesis — woven from the public-domain voices above and the original text; generated and fallible.

i. The last name on the muster roll — 26:48–49

Naphtali comes last — twelfth and final tribe of the second census, the wilderness generation’s count taken on the plains of Moab before the crossing. The Hebrew gives it the same fourfold shape as every other entry: the refrain bənê… ləmishpəḥōṯām (“sons of… by their clans”), then four gentilics — Jahzeelite, Gunite, Jezerite, Shillemite — each absorbing its founder’s name. Gill notes the ordering: this tribe “was numbered next to Asher, because it was with that under the standard of Dan.” What makes these four bare names more than a list is their fidelity across the canon. Keil & Delitzsch state it flatly: “The families of Naphtali tally with the sons of Naphtali in Genesis 46:24 and 1 Chronicles 7:30.” Two of the names — Jahzeel (H3183, in only two verses of the whole Bible) and Guni (H1477, in only four) — are rare enough that their reappearance is not coincidence but verbal continuity: the family that went down to Egypt with Jacob is the same family being counted at the door of the land four centuries on.

ii. To be numbered is to be visited — 26:50

The verb under the whole census is pāqad (H6485): û-pəquḏêhem, “and their mustered ones.” It is not a neutral word. Pāqad means to visit, attend to, reckon — the same root used when the LORD “visits” for judgment or for blessing. Israel is not self-counting; she is visited and reckoned by the One who commanded the count (26:1–2). Naphtali’s total resolves to 45,400 — and here the honest note must be sounded. Gill records that this is “less by 8000 than it was when first numbered” (53,400 at Numbers 1:43). The tribe shrank. Jamieson, Fausset & Brown read the whole pattern as a display of two attributes at once: “His justice and holiness in the sweeping judgments that reduced the ranks of some tribes; and His truth and faithfulness in the extraordinary increase of others so that the posterity of Israel continued a numerous people.” The decline of one tribe is set inside the preservation of the nation.

iii. The grand total — a near-replacement — 26:51

The unit closes on the sum of all twelve: pəqûḏê bənê Yiśrā’ēl — 601,730. The arithmetic carries the theology. Barnes: “This shows a decrease of 1,820 from the number at Sinai; a decrease due to the recent plague.” Ellicott measures the same span: “a decrease of 1,820, as compared with the census taken at Sinai thirty-eight years previously.” In thirty-eight years an entire generation has died in the wilderness under the oath of Numbers 14 — and yet the nation stands almost exactly where it began. The number did not grow, but it did not collapse either. Benson draws the three threads together: “So wisely and marvellously did God at the same time manifest his justice in cutting off so vast a number, his mercy in giving such a speedy and numerous supply, and his truth in both.” The grand total is a ledger of both judgment and faithfulness in a single figure.

iv. The unexpected variation beneath a stable sum — 26:48–51

The Pulpit Commentary presses on the one fact a casual reader misses: “while the nation as a whole remained heady [nearly] stationary in point of numbers, the various tribes show a most unexpected variation.” Manasseh rose 63 percent; Simeon fell by the same proportion; Naphtali declined 15 percent. “Each tribe had its own history apart from the general history of the nation — a history… of which we know almost nothing.” The census is therefore not flat bookkeeping but a snapshot of providence working tribe by tribe, hidden cause by hidden cause. And the spelled-out Hebrew preserves one irregularity the English total hides: the trailing ûšəlōšîm (“and thirty”), the single non-century digit in the whole muster — a small unevenness in an otherwise round count, left in the text as it stood.

Read under Sola Scriptura — this tool’s own fallible reading (⚙)

Read under the rule that Scripture alone is the final authority, this census-fragment offers more than a name-list — offered as a reading to be tested, not a verdict to be trusted. God keeps books, and His books are exact. The same God who commanded the count (26:2) is the God who “visits” (pāqad) each soul; the participle pəqûḏê says the people are reckoned, not self-counted. Judgment and faithfulness meet in one figure. 601,730 is, at once, the proof that a whole rebellious generation died (down 1,820 from Sinai) and the proof that the covenant promise to multiply Abraham’s seed did not fail. The wages of the wilderness and the truth of the oath are recorded in the same number. No name is too small to be kept. Four obscure Naphtalite families — Jahzeel, Guni, Jezer, Shillem — are written, checked against Genesis and Chronicles, and carried across the canon intact. The God of the genealogy forgets no one He has visited. This is the quiet Berean test: the names that went down into Egypt are the names brought up to the land’s edge, and Scripture lets you verify it line by line.

A census is the place where divine judgment and divine faithfulness are written in the same column of figures.

⚙

Canonical Threads — out to the whole of Scripture

cross-refs · verify

AI-generated connections. Each carries a verification badge with a recorded basis; contested links are flagged.

Naphtali’s four families → the founding household (Genesis 46:24) verbal / quotation — confirmed

The four clan-names here are not new coinages but the very sons of Naphtali who went down into Egypt with Jacob. Keil & Delitzsch: “The families of Naphtali tally with the sons of Naphtali in Genesis 46:24.” Two of the names — Jahzeel and Guni — are rare enough across the whole Hebrew Bible that their reappearance is a genuine verbal link, not a coincidence of common words. The census is checking the nation’s roll against the founding family record.

Numbers 26:48 · Genesis 46:24

basis: shared rare lexemes H3183 Yachtṣəʼêl (in only 2 vv) and H1476 Gûwnî (in only 4 vv), plus H5321 Naphtâlî — the low frequency of Jahzeel/Guni makes this a verbal, not merely thematic, tie (Verifier-confirmed)

The same families re-registered in Chronicles (1 Chronicles 7:13) verbal / quotation — confirmed

The post-exilic chronicler copies Naphtali’s sons again, with the familiar spelling-variants of a long textual tradition (Jahziel for Jahzeel, Shallum for Shillem). The shared rare gentilic Guni (H1476) ties the lists. The thread shows the canon keeping the same household on its books from Genesis through Numbers to Chronicles — the genealogical spine of Israel held intact across a thousand years of transmission.

Numbers 26:48 · 1 Chronicles 7:13

basis: shared rare lexeme H1476 Gûwnî (in only 4 vv) plus H5321 Naphtâlî; the scarcity of Guni anchors the verbal link (Verifier-confirmed)

First census → second census of the same tribe (Numbers 1:42–43) structural / thematic — confirmed

Naphtali was mustered once at Sinai (53,400) and again on the plains of Moab (45,400). The two passages share the census vocabulary — mishpāḥâh (clan) and Naphtâlî — and reading them side by side is what surfaces the 8,000-man decline Gill records. This is the structural backbone of Numbers itself: a generation counted at the start of the journey and re-counted at its end, with the wilderness written into the difference.

Numbers 26:50 · Numbers 1:42

basis: shared common lexemes H5321 Naphtâlî (in 47 vv) and H4940 mishpâchâh (in 224 vv) — high-frequency census formulae, so structural/thematic rather than verbal (Verifier-confirmed)

The grand total → the muster at Sinai (Numbers 1:43–46) structural / thematic — confirmed

The 601,730 of v. 51 is set deliberately against the 603,550 of the first census so the decrease of 1,820 can be read — Barnes and Ellicott both make the comparison the heart of the verse. The shared number-and-muster vocabulary (pāqad, ’elep̄, mē’âh) is common census language, so the link is structural, not a quotation — but the structure is the message: judgment and faithfulness measured in a single near-identical total.

Numbers 26:51 · Numbers 1:43

basis: shared high-frequency lexemes H6485 pâqad (in 269 vv), H505 ʼeleph (in 391 vv), H3967 mêʼâh (in 510 vv) — generic numbering vocabulary, hence structural not verbal (Verifier-confirmed)

Naphtali numbered → Naphtali in the war of Deborah (Judges 4:6; 5:18) structural / thematic — confirmed

The tribe counted here as 45,400 fighting men later appears at the sharp end of Israel’s history: Barak is summoned from Naphtali (Judges 4:6), and the Song of Deborah praises Naphtali as a people who “jeopardized their lives unto death” on the heights of the battlefield (Judges 5:18). The only shared lexeme is the tribal name itself, so this is a thematic thread — but it shows the census roll becoming the muster roll: men reckoned in the wilderness are the fathers of men who fight for the land.

Numbers 26:48 · Judges 5:18

basis: single shared lexeme H5321 Naphtâlî (in 47 vv) only — a tribal-name link, thematic rather than verbal (Verifier-confirmed)

⚙Christ in the Unittypology · verify

AI-generated reading; weigh it against the text.

Numbered, named, not forgotten — the Shepherd who knows His own novel

A census is the act of a Lord who counts and keeps each of His people by name. The obscure Naphtalite families — Jahzeel, Guni, Jezer, Shillem — are written down and carried across the canon precisely because the God who “visits” (pāqad) loses none He has reckoned. The pattern reaches its fulfillment in the Good Shepherd who “calls his own sheep by name” and of whom none given to Him is lost (John 10:3; 17:12). The same care that wrote down 45,400 anonymous Naphtalites stands behind the promise that the names of the redeemed are written in the Lamb’s book of life (Revelation 21:27). The wilderness ledger anticipates the heavenly register. The book-of-life and known-by-name imagery is itself ancient and widely held; what is offered here as this tool’s reading is the specific link of this census fragment to it — weigh it against the text.

Numbers 26:50 · John 10:3 · Revelation 21:27

Judgment and faithfulness in one number — the cross foreshadowed in a census novel

The grand total of 601,730 holds two truths at once: a whole generation perished under God’s oath, yet the covenant promise to multiply Abraham’s seed stood unbroken. Benson names the paradox — God “manifest his justice in cutting off so vast a number, his mercy in giving such a speedy and numerous supply, and his truth in both.” That coincidence of justice satisfied and mercy preserved finds its deepest form at the cross, where God is shown to be “just and the justifier” in a single act (Romans 3:26). The census measures in figures what Calvary accomplishes in fact: judgment fully borne and the people of promise fully kept.

Numbers 26:51 · Romans 3:26

Apparatus & Provenance

The biblical text is the Berean Standard Bible (BSB), public domain (CC0). Hebrew/Greek text, transliteration, morphology and Strong’s are transcribed from the Berean interlinear (CC0) + Strong’s lexicons (PD); the literal renderings, divergence notes, word notes and all synthesis are this tool’s own work (⚙) — fallible; verify them.

Named voices, quoted verbatim from public-domain works:

  • Albert Barnes, Notes on the Bible (1834)
  • Charles Ellicott, Commentary for English Readers (1878)
  • Geneva Study Bible, Marginal Notes (1599)
  • Jamieson, Fausset & Brown, Commentary Critical and Explanatory (1871)
  • John Gill, Exposition of the Entire Bible (1746–63)
  • Joseph Benson, Commentary on the Old and New Testaments (1810s)
  • Keil & Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament (1860s)
  • Matthew Henry, Concise Commentary on the Whole Bible (1706)
  • The Pulpit Commentary, Spence & Exell, eds. (1880s)

This unit (Numbers 26:48–51) is a genealogical and statistical fragment — the close of the second wilderness census: Naphtali’s four families and the grand total of all Israel. There is no narrative and little theological vocabulary, so several public-domain commentators (Henry, Barnes, JFB, Gill) wrote a single note over the whole paragraph (26:1–51) rather than verse by verse; where a voice’s comment plainly addresses the paragraph and not the single verse, the editorial note says so. Two raw entries supplied no comment for some verses (“No text from Poole on this verse”); these were not used as voices. The JFB excerpt opens “12. The sons of Simeon” in the source because its single note begins on an earlier verse; only the clause about God’s justice and faithfulness, which speaks to the census as a whole, is quoted. The Pulpit Commentary’s transcription reads “heady stationary” where the sense is plainly “nearly stationary” — quoted verbatim with the correction flagged in the editorial note, not silently altered. Cross-references were all confirmed by the Verifier: the Genesis 46:24 and 1 Chronicles 7:13 links rise to verbal only because the shared names Jahzeel (2 vv) and Guni (4 vv) are rare; the census-to-census links rest on common numbering vocabulary and are tiered structural, never verbal. The two Christ-readings are marked novel: they are this tool’s own typological extensions (the named-and-numbered people → the Shepherd who knows His own; judgment-and-faithfulness-in-one-number → the cross), not the ancient consensus readings of the Fathers — weigh them against the text. All Hebrew transliterations, literal renderings, and “where the English smooths the Hebrew” notes are this tool’s fallible work (⚙); verify against BDB/HALOT.

✦ = human, public-domain source, quoted and named. ⚙ = machine synthesis, to be verified. Flagged cross-references are left visible on purpose — the verifier working in the open. “Search the Scriptures daily, whether those things were so.” (Acts 17:11)