Numbers28:16–25

The Passover statute, re-issued structural / thematic — confirmed

The opening line of the unit is the same law given at Sinai and at the Exodus, restated for the generation entering Canaan. The shared vocabulary is dense and specific — the festival's own name pesaḥ (a moderately rare word, 46 occurrences), "the first month" (riʼshôwn, chôdesh), and "the fourteenth" (ʼarbaʻ + ʻâsâr) — running from the institution in Exodus and Leviticus to its one wilderness keeping (Numbers 9:5). This is repetition of a single statute, not citation of one text by another, so the link is structural, not a quotation.

Numbers 28:16 · Exodus 12:6 · Leviticus 23:5 · Numbers 9:5

basis: Verifier: shared lexemes H6453 peçach (46 vv, moderately rare), H7223 riʼshôwn, H2320 chôdesh, H702 ʼarbaʻ — same Passover statute re-promulgated; no quotation claim, so structural rather than verbal.

Seven days of unleavened bread structural / thematic — confirmed

The command of v. 17 — "seven days unleavened bread is to be eaten" — repeats the Exodus institution of Mazzoth almost word for word. The shared terms are pointed: the rare noun maṣṣôṯ (unleavened bread, 42 occurrences), the verb ʼâkal ("be eaten"), and "seven days" (shebaʻ + yôwm). Keil & Delitzsch names Exodus 12:15–20 as the source-rule being repeated here. The link is verbally close because it is the same ordinance restated; tiered structural because the relation is repetition of a statute, not a formal quotation of one passage by another.

Numbers 28:17 · Exodus 12:15 · Leviticus 23:6

basis: Verifier: shared lexemes H4682 matstsâh (42 vv, rare), H398 ʼâkal, H7651 shebaʻ, H3117 yôwm — the Mazzoth rule of Exodus 12:15 repeated; structural (statute restated), not a quotation.

The festal burnt offering = the New Moon offering structural / thematic — confirmed

The animals of vv. 19–21 — two bulls, one ram, seven yearling lambs, all unblemished, with their graded grain offerings — are precisely the burnt offering of the New Moon a few verses earlier (Numbers 28:11), and the same pattern recurs through the festal calendar (Leviticus 23:18; Numbers 29). Gill and Barnes both note the identity. The Verifier finds a thick band of shared sacrificial vocabulary — par (bull), ʼayil (ram), kebes (lamb), tâmîym (unblemished), minchâh (grain offering) — confirming a structural, not merely topical, parallel across the whole offering system.

Numbers 28:19 · Numbers 28:11 · Leviticus 23:18 · Numbers 29:9

basis: Verifier: shared lexemes H6499 par, H352 ʼayil, H3532 kebes, H8549 tâmîym, H4503 minchâh, H801 ʼishshâh — the same fixed offering-formula repeated across the calendar; a shared pattern, no quotation.

A sabbath rest opening and closing the feast structural / thematic — confirmed

The first and seventh days are each a miqrā’ qōdeš, a called holy convocation barring servile work (vv. 18, 25) — the same rule given in Leviticus 23:7–8 for the feast of Mazzoth. The Verifier confirms the link on the rare word miqrâʼ (called convocation, 22 occurrences) together with ʻăbôdâh (service-work), mᵉlâʼkâh (work), and qôdesh (holy). Keil & Delitzsch identifies Leviticus 23:6–8 as the rule being repeated. Structural, since it is a shared festal pattern rather than a citation.

Numbers 28:18 · Numbers 28:25 · Leviticus 23:8 · Leviticus 23:36

basis: Verifier: shared lexemes H4744 miqrâʼ (22 vv, rare), H5656 ʻăbôdâh, H4399 mᵉlâʼkâh, H6944 qôdesh — the convocation-and-rest rule of Leviticus 23 repeated; structural pattern, not quotation.

The continual offering beneath the feast structural / thematic — confirmed

The festal sacrifices are commanded "apart from the continual burnt offering of the morning" (v. 23) — the tāmîḏ of Exodus 29:38–42, the perpetual daily sacrifice that never stops. The Verifier links the verses on the keyword tâmîyd itself (continual, 103 occurrences). The Pulpit Commentary states the governing logic: the offerings are cumulative; the daily floor of worship runs on beneath every addition. Structural, resting on the shared technical term for the perpetual offering.

Numbers 28:23 · Exodus 29:38 · Numbers 28:6

basis: Verifier: shared lexeme H8548 tâmîyd (103 vv) — the perpetual daily offering of Exodus 29:38 named as the floor under the feast; structural, the same institution referenced.

Christ our Passover — the unleavened, the lamb typological

Paul reads the very statute of vv. 16–17 figurally: "Christ, our Passover lamb, has been sacrificed. Therefore let us keep the feast... with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth" (1 Corinthians 5:7–8). The Hebrew pesaḥ and maṣṣôṯ of this unit are taken up as type and fulfillment. Held honestly: this is a cross-Testament link — the New Testament is in Greek, so it can share no Strong's lexeme with the Hebrew, and the Verifier accordingly finds no verbal basis. The connection is typological/structural, argued from the institution Paul names, never asserted as a verbal quotation of this Hebrew text.

Numbers 28:16 · Numbers 28:17 · 1 Corinthians 5:7

basis: Cross-Testament (Hebrew↔Greek): Verifier finds no shared original-language lexeme, so this cannot be a verbal link. Tiered typological — an ancient, apostolic figural reading (Paul) of pesaḥ/maṣṣôṯ, argued not asserted.

The shadow and the perpetual sacrifice fulfilled flagged — verify source

The endless repetition of this unit — the same offering every day for seven days, year after year, "apart from the continual burnt offering" — is read by Hebrews as the mark of a shadow that could not finish its work: "the law... can never, by the same sacrifices repeated endlessly year after year, make perfect those who draw near" (Hebrews 10:1), until the one offering of Christ "has perfected for all time those who are being sanctified" (Hebrews 10:14). Held honestly: again a cross-Testament link with no shared Strong's lexeme; the Verifier returns no verbal basis. The thread is structural/typological — the very repetitiveness the Hebrew prescribes is what the epistle interprets — and is flagged, not claimed as a citation of this text.

Numbers 28:24 · Numbers 28:23 · Hebrews 10:1

basis: Cross-Testament (Hebrew↔Greek): Verifier finds no shared lexeme — no verbal basis exists between the Hebrew and the Greek. The link is an interpretive (typological) reading of the repeated tāmîḏ by Hebrews; left flagged because the connection is argued, not textually verifiable here.

The Passover lamb ancient/widely-held

The whole unit hangs on pesaḥ (v. 16), the feast of the slain lamb whose blood turned the destroyer aside. The New Testament names the fulfillment without hedging: "Christ, our Passover lamb, has been sacrificed for us" (1 Corinthians 5:7); John points to "the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world" (John 1:29); and the crucifixion is timed and shaped to the feast, the unbroken bones answering the Passover rule (John 19:36; Exodus 12:46). The week of unleavened bread that follows — purity required of those the lamb has saved — Paul turns into the Christian's call: "let us keep the feast... with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth" (1 Corinthians 5:8).

Numbers 28:16 · Numbers 28:17 · 1 Corinthians 5:7 · John 1:29

The sin offering that covers the holy day ancient/widely-held

In the middle of the feast stands the he-goat "as a sin offering, to make atonement for you" (v. 22) — lə-ḵappēr, to cover. Gill reads the type directly off the verse: the goat is "typical of Christ, who takes away the sins of our holy things as well as all other sins." The point is severe and consoling at once: even Israel's most sacred service needed covering, and the covering pictured here is completed in the one who "has appeared once for all at the culmination of the ages to put away sin by the sacrifice of himself" (Hebrews 9:26). The endlessly repeated goat could only cover; the single offering of Christ takes away.

Numbers 28:22 · Hebrews 9:26 · Hebrews 10:14

The continual offering and the unceasing intercession novel

Beneath the feast runs the tāmîḏ, the perpetual offering that "shall not depart" — sacrifice morning and evening without end (v. 23; Exodus 29:38–42). The shadow's perpetuity is answered by a better permanence: a priest who "holds his priesthood permanently, because he continues forever," and therefore "always lives to make intercession" for those who draw near (Hebrews 7:24–25). Offered as a reading to weigh: where the law's continual offering had to be renewed every dawn because it could never finish, the continual presence of the risen Christ before the Father needs no renewal — the perpetual sacrifice gives way to the perpetual Intercessor.

Numbers 28:23 · Numbers 28:24 · Hebrews 7:24-25